<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" >1, Genghis Khan</h1>
Founding Emperor of the Great Mongol State. Born in 1162 in the Mongol Beggars, he lost his father at the age of 9 and the tribe was separated. After 19 years of forbearance, Temujin, with the help of the forces of the Kriebu and Zadabu, regrouped the Beggars and became the tribal leader in 1189 at the Sangguer River in the upper reaches of the Krullen River.
Subsequently, in the past 17 years, Temujin successively conquered and destroyed the Tatar Department, the Taichi Ubu, the KelieBu, the NaimanBu, and the Yu'er Beggar, and gradually unified the Mongol ministries. In the spring of 1206, the various ministries of the Mongolian Plateau held the "Kuriletai" at the source of the Hunan River, giving Temujin the honorific title of "Genghis Khan".
Subsequently, Genghis Khan built the Nine White Banners, officially established the "Great Mongolian State", and ascended the throne as the Emperor of the Great Mongolian Empire (Great Khan of the Mongol Empire). After ascending the throne, Genghis Khan implemented the system of a thousand households integrating military and government, expanded the Chinese army belonging to the Great Khan to guard the Timid Xue Army, and promulgated the legal code "Great Zaza".
After the founding of the country and the ascension to the throne, Genghis Khan immediately began to conquest the outside world. In fact, in 1205, the Western Xia had already used troops, and in 1207 and 1209, they used troops twice, forcing the Western Xia to submit to the women, so that the Mongols could free up their hands to deal with the Jin Dynasty. In 1211, Genghis Khan personally led a large army to cut down gold, and defeated the Jin army in Wild Fox Ridge and other places, which seriously injured the Jin dynasty. In 1214, the Mongols twice sent troops to the Jin Dynasty to capture Zhongdu, and learned to siege the city in the course of the war.
In 1217, Genghis Khan made the general Mu Huali the Prince of Taishi and king, and entrusted Mu Huali with full responsibility for attacking the Jin Dynasty. By 12223, Muhuali had fallen ill and died, and the Mongol army had conquered most of the Jin Dynasty.
At the same time that Muhuali attacked the Jin Dynasty, Genghis Khan personally led a large army to start the first western expedition in 1219, taking Hua Lazimo and letting the eldest son Shuchi guard the town, and setting up Daru Huachi in various cities to exercise ruling power. During this western expedition, the armies of Jebetsu and Subutai defeated the Chincha cavalry and the Rus' principalities, bringing the Mongol army as far as the Crimean Peninsula.
In 1225, the 64-year-old Genghis Khan personally invaded Western Xia and died of illness at Liupan Mountain on the eve of the fall of Western Xia. Before his death, Genghis Khan set up a strategy of "uniting the Song Dynasty to destroy the Gold", and was secretly buried after his death. He died on December 31, 22 years after his death.
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Genghis Khan's full biography ¥38 purchase
<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" >2</h1>
The fourth son of Genghis Khan and the younger brother of the second Great Mongol Khan, Wokoutai. Among the sons of Genghis Khan, Tuolei's military talent is the most prominent, and his military achievements are also very outstanding, which is deeply favored by Genghis Khan. At the age of 20, he accompanied his father on expeditions to the outside world, and Tuolei made great achievements in important military operations such as the Mongolian extermination of Jin, the First Western Expedition, and the annihilation of Western Xia.
In 1227, after Genghis Khan's death, due to Genghis Khan's designated heir Wokoutai, he was temporarily unable to be elected by the Mongol Kuriletai Assembly, and according to the tradition of "young son shouzao", Tuolei temporarily served as the "overseer".
In August 1229, the Assembly of Kuriletai was held to elect a new Great Khan. Some of the Mongol nobles advocated opposing Genghis Khan's will and replacing the youngest son, Tuolei, who had been in charge of the state for two years, and the assembly disputed for 40 days. At this time, Genghis Khan's eldest son Shuchi had died, and the second son Chagatai fully supported Wokoutai, and the Tuolei forces were lonely, and finally had to support his brother Wokoutai to take the throne.
In the summer of 1232, due to the extreme heat, Tore, who was leading an army to attack the Jin Kingdom, had to follow Wokoutai back to the division, and later fell ill and died (some say poisoned) on the way, at the age of 40.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" >3, Wokoutai Khan</h1>
The third son of Genghis Khan and the brother of Tuolei. Although WoKoutai was not as capable of fighting as his younger brother Tuolei, he was good at political affairs and had a meticulous mind. Before the First Western Expedition, Genghis Khan sensibly identified Wokoutai as the heir of the future empire, rather than his usual preference for Tuolei, which is why most of the Mongol nobles later supported him.
In 1229, after the election of the Kuriletai Assembly, Wokoutai was succeeded as the second Great Khan of the Great Mongol State. He continued Genghis Khan's legacy to expand his territory, personally led a large army south to destroy the Jin Dynasty the following year, and in 1235 attacked the Southern Song Dynasty in two ways, while sending Batu and Subutai to lead 150,000 people to Europe, expanding the territory of the Great Mongol State to Central Asia, North China and Eastern Europe.
In order to govern the Han people in the territory of the former Jin Kingdom that conquered, Wo Kuotai appointed the Khitan Yelü Chucai as the Zhongshu Ling, adopted the Han method to collect taxes, and opened a branch to collect scholars, reusing the Zhongyuan literati, laying the foundation for the later rule of the Yuan Dynasty. In November 1241, after a long period of alcoholism and indulgence in female color, Wokoutai suffered a stroke and died at the age of 56.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" >4, is the post-Mazhen system</h1>
Namajin Thregona, imperial concubine of Wokoutai Khan, birth mother of Guiyu Khan, historically known as Queen Naimajin. Wo Kuotai did not like the eldest son Guiyu before he died, but he belonged to the third son, Kuo chu, and after Kuo Chu died, he wanted to pass on the throne of Kuo Chu's son Lost Liemen. However, Empress Dowager Naima wanted Guiyu to succeed to the throne, so after Wokoutai's death, she took the young age of the Emperor's grandson, Yelü Chucai, and insisted on becoming the regent of the imperial court.
Namajin himself did not have the ability to administer the country, and could only reuse some close courtiers, such as the Persian woman Fatima and the Hui merchant Odu Raheman, to win the support of the Mongol nobles through various bribes and rewards, and to win support for the succession of her son Guiyu and his own regency.
During the reign of The Ma Zhen Dynasty, Yelü Chucai claimed that he could not get sick, and the Great Mongolian State was almost in chaos. In 1246, the Kuriletai Assembly elected Guiyu as the Great Khan, and soon after The Ma zhen died, reigning for 5 years.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-center-line" >5, Guiyu Khan</h1>
Wo Kuotai's eldest son, who was not favored by Wo Kuotai, had no right to inherit, because his mother was the regent of Ma Zhen's queen who was able to succeed to the throne. In his early years, he participated in the conquest of the Golden Kingdom and also traveled to Europe with Battus, and the two also had conflicts.
After the death of Nama Ma, Guiyu was pro-government, but he did not change the chaotic situation caused by his mother's regency, but on the contrary, he intensified, indiscriminate rewards and gifts, and indulged in wine, and his already bad health was further weakened.
In the autumn of 1247, Guiyu decided to go west to attack Batu because he had not participated in the Kuriletai Assembly that had elected him, and began a mutual attack between the Mongol nobles. In the spring of 1248, Guiyou personally led a large army from Helin, and when he reached the vicinity of present-day Emin County in Xinjiang in March, Guiyu's condition suddenly deteriorated and he died of illness. He was 43 years old and had reigned for less than two years.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" >6, the sea lost after the scale</h1>
Empress Guiyu Khan, after the death of Guiyu Khan, after the loss of the sea, on the grounds that the heir determined by Wokoutai Khan was young, she bowed to the government and obeyed the government. Due to the low prestige of the sea after being lost, her own two sons, Suddenly, and Brainbury, competed with her. The Mongol kings of other branches fought each other openly and secretly in order to compete for the Khan's throne.
The Great Mongol State under the rule of the Lost Sea appeared even more chaotic. It was not until 1251 that Möngke of the Touraine clan fought for the Khan's throne, and after the sea was lost, he was first detained, and then he was thrown into the water and drowned.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" >7, Möngke Khan</h1>
After the death of Guiyu Khan, the sea was lost and the ruler was unable to convince the people. Batu, the eldest son of the Shuchi clan, invited the king to the central steppe station to hold a conference of Kuriletai, but the kings of the Chagatai and Wokoutai clans refused to go, and only the Möngke brothers of the Torae clan gladly went to the meeting, at which Battus proposed to elect Möngke as Khan and was approved.
However, after the meeting, the Chagatai and Wokoutai clans refused to recognize it, and Möngke and his mother instigated Lu Hetiani to invite the kings of the various branches to hold a meeting of Kuriletai on the banks of the Chunan River, but many of the two clan kings of the Wokoutai and Chagatai families still refused to answer the call. It was not until 1251, under the mediation and co-optation of the instigators of Lu Hetiani, that the kings except for the Wokoutai clan finally agreed to participate in the assembly and elected Möngke as Khan.
After Möngke ascended the throne, he suppressed the Wokoutai clan kings and their forces, further laying the hidden danger of the division of the Great Mongol State. In 1252 and 1253, Möngke sent Kublai Khan and Hulegu to conquer and destroy the state of Dali, and to expedition West Asia to Palestine on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea.
In 1258, Möngke, Kublai Khan, and the general Wuliang Hetai attacked the Southern Song Dynasty in three major ways. Meng Ge personally led the main force to attack Sichuan, and in early 1259, the offensive under hezhou Diaoyu City was blocked. On August 11, 1259, Möngke was mortally wounded under the Diaoyu City, at the age of 50, a nine-year reign.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" >8, Kublai Khan</h1>
Younger brother of Möngke Khan, fourth son of Tuolei. Kublai Khan, the commander-in-chief of Möngke Khan, and the han military and political forces, was also enfeoffed with jingzhao, so he had rich human, material and financial resources in Han China. At the same time, Kublai Khan successively went to Dali, and when he conquered the Southern Song Dynasty, he also led the Eastern Route Army, and the prestige of the army was very high. After Möngke Khan's death, he won the battle with his younger brother Ali Buge for the Khan's throne, thus becoming the 5th Great Khan of the Great Mongol State.
During his 11 years as Great Khan, Kublai Khan continued the policies of his reign as governor of The Southern Province. A large number of Han aides and Confucians were appointed, such as Liu Bingzhong, Xu Heng, Yao Shu, Hao Jing, Zhang Wenqian, Dou Mo, Zhao Bi, and so on, and put forward the idea of "practicing the Han law". Respecting Confucianism, Kublai Khan gladly accepted the title of "Great Master of Confucianism" at the request of Yuan Haowen and Zhang Dehui.