Tongcheng Paili's "Lingxi Five"
Wen | Caopeng Source| Reported by Tongcheng
On the eightieth birthday of Liu Daxun in the forty-second year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1777), his disciple Yao Nai wrote an article to congratulate him, which read, "The article of the world, which originated from Tongcheng Hu? Since then, the banner of the "Tongcheng Sect" has been officially raised, and since then, even ordinary people have known the mantras such as "the world article is in Tongcheng", "the Tongcheng article is in the world", and "the world is high and the text is a county". However, what is puzzling is that after Yao Nai's death for decades, his gaozu Mei Zengliang actually issued a praise of "the world's articles, which are gathered in Lingxihu", in fact, this contains both a sigh of the tongcheng school's decline and a sigh of guangxi writers to continue the tongcheng school's century-long history.
After the death of Yao Nai in the twentieth year of Jiaqing (1815), the Tongcheng sect once declined, and there was a situation of "Fang and Yao regret the past, and Si Dao fell to dust". And the reason why the Tongcheng faction was able to spread and rise in the west of Lingxi in a corner of southern Xinjiang, as well as the establishment of the status of the "Five Great People of Lingxi" (Chang Huang, Zhu Qi, Peng Yuyao, Long Qirui, and Wang Zheng), and quickly formed a strong force to save the decline of Tongcheng at the time of Jiadao, Wu Dexuan and Mei Zengliang were the key, And Lü Huang's bond and leading role were also indispensable, and the Tongcheng Sect was re-"literary now flourishing" because of the "Five Great People of Lingxi", "Yao's salary, so the fire of the Yao clan, so the spirit".
Lü Huang (1777-1839): A native of Shangshui Village, Jinqiao, Yongfu County, Guangxi, his family was poor, but he loved to read since childhood. In the sixth year of Jiaqing (1801), Lü Huang was the second place in the Zhongxiang Examination at the age of twenty-five, and at the age of thirty-five, he was successively appointed to Zhi County in Zhejiang, Qingyuan, Fenghua, Zhenhai, Shanyin, Qiantang and other places. In the fifth year of Daoguang (1825), Lü Huang was deposed from the government, and since then he has devoted himself to learning, and the theory of poetry has gradually matured. In the eighth year of Daoguang (1828), Lü Su confronted Yao Nai's disciple Yixing Wu Dexuan with a text and talked about the ancient Wen Yi Fa in Hangzhou for more than 20 days. Later, Lü Huang compiled the content of this academic discussion into a book, that is, the famous "Introduction to Ancient Literature", which basically reflected Yao Nai's theory of ancient literature. Since then, Lü Huang has immersed himself in the study of the "Tongcheng Family Law", and after returning to his hometown, he has transmitted it to western Guangdong, which directly led to the rise of the ancient Tongcheng script in Guangxi. In the eighteenth year of Daoguang (1839), Lü Huang died of lung disease, Lingxi has since lost Emperor Wenzong, Zhu Qi and others resolutely went to Mei Zengliang in Kyoto to seek advice in order to expand the Tongcheng sect in Guangxi, because Zhu Qi was one of the first to enter Beijing to learn ancient Chinese from Mei Zengliang, and eventually became the leader who led the other members of the "Five Greats" to Beijing to learn ancient Chinese.
Zhu Qi (1803-1861): Lingui, Guangxi. His father, Zhu Fengsen, was a scholar in the sixth year of Jiaqing (1801), who had been with his father since childhood and was deeply influenced by his father's thoughts. In the eleventh year of Daoguang (1831), Zhu Qi won the first place in the township examination, and in the fifteenth year (1835) zhongjinshi. Official to Inspector Yushi. As an advisor, Zhu Qi dared to speak out and was not afraid of the powerful, but because of his disagreement with those in power, he was angry in the twenty-seventh year of Daoguang (1847). In the eleventh year of Xianfeng (1861), when the Taiping Army attacked Hangzhou, Zhu Qi died in a melee. Zhu Qi's poems and ancient texts were deeply rooted in the tongcheng school of learning, he studied Zong Cheng Zhu's theoretical thoughts, attached great importance to the ancient texts of Tongcheng; righteousness, examination evidence, and lexicology" were both good for each other, and always regarded "strict in the law of righteousness" as a political ideology of "applying to the world" that strictly abided by the unchanging principle and dared to speak out, and the academic proposition of "Han and Song Dynasties and Cai" was guided by thought and theory for his creation of the tongcheng ancient texts, and he was the first to respond to Lü Huang's advocacy of learning Tongcheng, and among the other four, only his articles could be. With Yongfu Lü Huang", it plays a role in inheriting the past and the future in the "Five Greats of Lingxi".
Peng Yuyao (1809-1851): A native of Pingnan County, Guangxi, he lost his father at an early age and was raised and educated by his mother Gan. In the fifteenth year of Daoguang (1835), Peng Yuyao was hired as an aide by The Guangxi Scholar envoy and Guozi Supervisor Ye Chi Shengchun. In the winter of the nineteenth year of Daoguang (1839), Peng Yuyao entered the Beijing Association to try his name luosun Mountain, so he had to leave Beijing and return to Guangxi, and then entered the capital four times to take the test, all without success. However, during the study tour of The Beijing Master, under the introduction of Wang Zheng, he had the privilege of meeting Mei Zengliang, and often accompanied him to the literary banquet and poetry meeting to learn the ancient text: In Peng Yuyao's ancient text, there are many chapters that leave Mei Zengliang: valuable comments. Peng Yuyao has tried five times in his life but began. In the end, he did not succeed, nor did he become an official, but his talent was the most prominent among the "five masters". His ancient style has undergone three twists, which is the same as the three teachers he studied from successively? CHI Shengchun, LV Huang. Mei Zengliang has a direct connection. However, due to his untimely death. He also had no prominent official popularity, so his poetry collection was so rarely copied that it was rare in the world, and people rarely mentioned him when talking about the "Five Masters". Fortunately, his "ZhiYitang Anthology" was eventually handed down, and people can finally glimpse his unique life of "learning and learning".
Long Qirui (1814-1858): A native of Lingui County, Guangxi, he had great ambitions and was diligent and studious since childhood, and at the age of eleven, he won xiucai and became an envoy to Jiangxi. During his lifetime, he left a large number of works to posterity, covering various aspects of phonology, philology, history, geography and so on. He worked the classics, especially his phonology, and he also learned the ancient yifa from Lü Huang and Mei Zengliang, so Wenzong Tongcheng, but he was dissatisfied with the return to the light, and Fang Bao's only traces are followed Of the Gate Sutra. Long Qirui's articles are more general in their arguments, and the text is also bright and fluent, such as Wang Xianqian's "Compilation of Ancient Texts and Dictionaries", which selects many of the historical texts he wrote. Because most of Long Qirui's articles are thoughtful and convincing, he is a "champion writer" and a writer.
Wang Zheng (1815-1876): Originally named Xi Zhen, Tian admired the Northern Song Dynasty minister Bao Zheng so changed his name to Zheng, Guangxi Maping (present-day Liuzhou City), his parents died since childhood, raised by his sister; Wang Zheng concentrated on the study of the scriptures at the age of ten, and when he became an adult, he studied in the county town, humbly asked for advice from the township talents, Daoguang Fourteen Years, Chi Shengchun supervised Guangxi, Wang Zheng learned from Guilin, which was also an important stage of his life. Among the "Five Greats" in Guangxi, Wang Zheng experienced the five dynasties of Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi, and Guangxu, and was also the last of the Tongcheng sect in Guangxi. During the formation period of the "Five Greats", Wang Zheng, Zhu Qi, Long Qirui, Peng Yuyao, and others humbly learned from Lü Huang and Mei Zengliang, and made important contributions to the establishment of the status of the "Five Greats". After the deaths of Lü, Peng, Zhu, Long, etc., he was more engaged in the creation of poetry, and since then the peak of the ancient Chinese creation of the "Five Greats of Lingxi" has fallen into a low ebb.
During the Xianfeng period, the tongcheng school of ancient chinese creation center moved to Hunan, forming the "Xiangxiang school" led by Zeng Guofan. Undoubtedly, the "Five Great Masters of Lingxi" were one of the most active ancient literary creation groups of the Tongcheng Sect during the Jiaqing and Daoguang years, and were the most remarkable achievements achieved by The Tongcheng Sect under the guidance of Yaomen disciple Mei Zengliang and others who expanded and continued the Tongcheng Sect under the guidance of the Tongcheng Sect. The rise of the "Five Greats of Lingxi" not only injected new vitality and vitality into the Tongcheng Sect that was gradually declining at that time, but also objectively played a good role in paving and foreshadowing the Tongcheng Sect in the later Zeng Guofan comprehensive zhongxing.
