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Ming Zhangmao wrote Lu Zhen's epitaph to explain and distinguish differences
Cai Yuxin (Original)
(This article has been published in Zhejiang Fangzhi, No. 5, 2020, with slight changes)
(Summary): Ming Dynasty soldier Wailang Lu Zhen was a student of The Nanjing Guozi Supervisor Jiu Zhangmao, and the two were fellow villagers. Lu Zhen was sent to prison by Emperor Wuzong (Emperor Zhengde) for dissuading Emperor Mingwu (Emperor Zhengde) from traveling south, and was seriously injured and killed. At the request of Lu Zhen's son, Zhang Mao wrote an epitaph for Lu Zhen. The Qing Siku Quanshu contains Zhang Mao's work Fengshan Collection, which contains an epitaph written by Zhang Mao for Lu Zhen in volume THREE. In June 2019, the original stone of Lu Zhen's epitaph was found in Lu Zhen's hometown of Lanxi. This article cross-examines and interprets the Lu Zhen epitaphs in the Fengshan Collection and the newly discovered Lu Zhen epitaphs, and makes some analysis of the similarities and differences between the two chronicles.
(Keywords): Lu Zhen Zhang Mao Feng Shan Ji Epitaph Proofreading
(Topograph of the Lu Zhen stone carving preserved in the Lu Clan Ancestral Hall in Houlu Village, Lanxi City)
1. Brief description of Lu Zhen's deeds and epitaph discovery
Lu Zhen (1464--1519), also spelled Ruheng, was a native of Heshan and Lanxi, whose deeds are described in the History of Ming as "Zhangmao of the same county, and is famous for his studies." Zhengde three years into the army, except for Taihe Zhi County. (1) When Lu Zhen was a zhi county in Taihe County, Jiangxi, he made remarkable political achievements and benefited the local people. He was promoted to the head of the Military Selection Division of the Ministry of War, and the Taehwa people built a shrine dedicated to him in his honor. Lu Zhen was in charge of the chapters and documents of the various divisions in the Military Department, and his temperament was straight, offending eunuchs and superiors, and was expelled from Beijing to inspect the border defense areas such as Bauhinia Pass. He went up to prevent the Zhengde Emperor from touring the north, but the emperor ignored it. After Lu Zhen was promoted to the post of driver of the car, he and Huang Gong (1480--1522) and others wrote a letter opposing the Zhengde Emperor's southern tour, which annoyed the emperor, and was punished with kneeling at the noon gate for five days and fifty scepters, deposing the people and imprisoning him. Lu Zhen's body was severely traumatized and he died immediately. In the year of the Jiajing Emperor's ascension to the throne (1521), Lu Zhen restored his reputation and posthumously awarded Taichang Shaoqing (2). The Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle says that "in the first year of Jiajing (1522) posthumously, it was not accurate to give Taichang Shaoqing"(3). "In the second year of the Wanli Calendar (1574), he entered the Sanzhong Ancestral Hall of the Township County. In the eighth year (1580), There was a division for the construction of a special shrine in Yuyi, known as: Praise Zhong. (4) The Southern Ming Dynasty posthumously awarded Lu Zhen the title "Zhongding". (5) After Lu Zhen's death, he was buried on the side of his ancestral tomb, and Zhang Mao (1436--1521) wrote an epitaph for this student who unfortunately died tragically.
In June 2019, Lu Zhen's epitaph stone was rediscovered. The epitaph is bluestone, square in shape, about 76 cm long and 76 cm wide, and 15 cm thick. The stone body is broken, and the four-sided characters and zhimian script are partially weathered and damaged.
(Photo of Lu Zhen's epitaph, that is, the "real zhi" noted in this article)
2. The text of the epitaph recorded in the "Fengshan Collection" and the physical epitaph are similar and similar
In the third volume of the Fengshan Collection, which is included in the Qing Dynasty's "Qingding Siku Quanshu", there is a lu zhen epitaph written by Zhang Mao (hereinafter referred to as "Fengzhi"). After checking each other with this "Feng Zhi" and the newly discovered Lu Zhen Epitaph (hereinafter referred to as the "Shi Zhi"), I found that the text of the two epitaphs was very different, and the content was also different. In order to allow readers to better understand the similarities and differences between the two essays, we will divide them into several paragraphs and briefly explain them one by one.
(1) Feng Zhi: The epitaph is entitled: "Epitaph of Lu Jun, a soldier of the Wailang Heshan Mountains".
In the upper part of the "Shizhi", there is a two-line seal book, which reads "Ming Soldier Wailang Lu Cemetery Inscription". The first four columns of text on the right read: "Epitaph of the Great Ming Soldier Wailang Heshan Lu Cemetery."
Shi JinshiDi Crown Prince Shaobao Nanjing Ceremonial Department (missing a few words below)
Shi Jinshidi Prime Minister Hedao Jiayi (a few words missing below)
Shi Jin Shi Di Zheng Shi Lang □ (a few words missing below)".
The three title figures inscribed in "Shizhi" are the Zhizhiren, the Seal-fronted People, and the Shudanren, and due to the lack of the text part of the Zhiwen, the relevant inferences and examinations are arranged in the latter paragraph of the article.
(2) Feng Zhi: "Zheng De Ji Ji April Jia Shen, the soldier Wai Lang Lu Jun Ru Heng died in the official, the staff friend was buried in a coffin, and Xu Zhiren took his young son from the Beijing Division to his funeral, and the orphans rushed to the Middle Way, so they were buried in the middle hall with the help of the lan, and they were buried in the middle hall, and they were weeping, and the Bu mansion was not yet determined." And next year, the first place will be on the left of the ancestral tomb of Ruishan In Ruishan Township, and the tomb will be made on the fourth day of December. His lonely and close benevolence, his relatives and benevolent people heeled to the door, worshiped and wept: the ancestors rarely tasted from the door of the tour, the Dutch religion was many, and now they ascended to the dynasty, unfortunately died in their duties, may Mr. Mourn and give a word to the hall, in order to comfort the ancestors in The Mingming, although they are dead, they will not die. The death of Ru Heng is heavier than That of Mount Tai, and the Duke of Su Lin is seen as a sign of his tomb, which is enough for the trust of immortality, and if he is dazed and dying and cannot speak, what is the weight of the matter, because Xie is not sensitive, and the Brothers of Jinren insist on the mother's order as a request, and do not receive the resignation, but according to the situation of his arch-friend Dong Daoqing. ”
There are thirty-six columns in the main text of "Shizhi", and the number of words in each column is different, and there is a phenomenon of raising one or two words and blank paragraphs. When recording, each column of text is divided by "]" from beginning to end, and the traditional characters of the original text are retained, and are not simplified.
Shi Zhi: "Zhengde Ji Ji April JiaShen, the soldier Wailang Lu Jun RuHeng died in the official, the staff friend was buried in a coffin, and Xu Ruren took his young son from the beijing □□□□] grave and □. His lonely □ two □□□□□□□□ and weeping: the ancestors rarely tasted the under-the-door, and the Dutch religion was more. One of the□ □□□□□□ □□ in the □ Hall, and the ancestors of the □ in the desert will not die even though they are dead. Yu said that Ru Heng's death was heavier than the □□□□ of his accomplice Dong Daoqing.
In this paragraph, compared with the two zhi, Feng Zhi recounts the ins and outs of this event in more detail. Feng Zhi recounts that Lu Zhen "died in the fourth month of The First Shen of Zhengde", and was buried by a colleague and friend with a coffin, Lady Xu returned to the south with her young son, and Lu Zhen's other sons went to the funeral of Wen Zhongdao. Lu Zhen's coffin was transported to Lanxi and temporarily placed in the middle hall, and Zhang Mao went to the weeping sacrifice. On December 14 of the following year (1520), Lu Zhencuo was buried in Ruishan Township. Lu Zhen's two sons, Jinren and Qinren, asked Zhang Mao to write an epitaph for his father. Zhang Mao initially refused to write an epitaph on the grounds that "See Su Lin Gong" (林俊, 号見素, from Putian, Fujian) had already written a tomb statement that was sufficient to express Lu Zhen's immortal aspirations of "heavier than Mount Tai". The Lu Jinren brothers, believing that their mother's life was difficult to violate, pleaded again, and Zhang Mao promised to write this epitaph for Lu Zhen according to the content of the "behavior" written by Lu Zhen's former friend Dong Zun (Daoqing).
Shizhi is obviously much simpler, just mention that after Lu Zhen's death, a colleague and friend had a coffin into the funeral, and Lady Xu took her young son to help the coffin return to the south and build a tomb for burial. Lu Zhen's son asked Zhang Mao to write an epitaph, and Zhang Mao replied that "Yu Said Ruheng's death is heavier than" and that the word "Taishan" was not inscribed. There is also no mention of Zhang Mao's original refusal to write a chronicle, and he directly inscribed "According to the □□□□ of his accomplice Dong Daoqing". Feng Zhi "comforts the ancestors in the MingMing", and Shi Zhi is "to □ the ancestors in the desert". In addition to the damage to the Zhishi and the wear and tear of the text, the words of Shizhi are omitted from Fengzhi, and the grammar of words is not very smooth, and this phenomenon abounds in the overall text of Shizhi.
(3) Feng Zhi: "Ru Heng Zhen Zhen, surname Lu Shi, Ru Heng Qi character also, alias Heshan, the world is Lan Xian Chun Xiao Xiang people." Great-grandfather Zhao, ancestor Nandu Bushi, father Jingfu gave Wenlin Lang, Taihe County Zhi County, mother Chen clan gifted to the widow. Ru Heng was outstanding since he was a young man, and at the age of fifteen he entered Yi (邑庠) by his father's order, studied with Tongli Huang Mengbi, all of whom had great ambitions to disdain worldly habits, and studied with the famous scholars Jiang Renfu (Jiang Lin) and Shifu (Jiang Fang) in Yizhong for generations, and sometimes entered the mountains to study greatly, and even if they did not do the first, they came from Yuyu with Mengbi. The ancients of Yuyu for their own learning, and first cut off the language of others, must teach the study of kezhi knowledge and action, and then they can have the principle of poverty, self-cultivation and unremitting □ governance. Self-unitary, sui and dream bow and easy to lift in the township, will test the ceremonial department, dream bi first and Ru Heng is not even, yi but return, build a room in the white crane mountain, read the scriptures and history every day, all have a course lesson, pay attention to play, must seek to have gains, feel aspiring to the world, all ancient and modern events, economic roughly all pay attention, think that there is nothing in the world, one day to promote the dress, will go to the ceremonial department, suddenly value the mother's disease, so stop it. Serving soup medicine on the day, untie the clothes, burning incense at night to ask the heavens for substitution, and funeral, and mourning and ruining, funerals and funeral sacrifices are all ceremonial, and do not do Buddhist deeds. After the death of his father, the same is true of the ceremony, and after the death, Yilu is unable to raise him, and he wants to make progress. Man says that the Father has a will, and he must not violate it. ”
Shi Zhi: "Ru Heng Zhen Zhen, surname Lu Shi, Ru Heng Qi character also, alias Heshan, the world is Lanxi Pure Filial Piety Township people." Great-grandfather Zhao □] for the worldly habits, greatly for reading □, and Mengbi came from Yuyou, Yu yu took the ancients as his own learning, and the language of the first truncated as a person must be taught to learn Kezhi] All the scriptures and histories have a course lesson, pay attention to playing, must seek to have gains, and are determined to be in the world, all ancient and modern events, economic events, all things in the world are ignored, and everything in the world is lost, followed by the death of the father, and so on, the loss of the end, the lu can not be raised, and the will to advance. Man says that the Father has a will, and he must not violate it. ”
Compared with the two zhi, Shizhi begins with "Great-grandfather Zi Zhao" to "for the world's habits", that is, "Ancestor Nan is not Shi, Father Jingfu gave Wenlin Lang, Taihe County Zhi County, and mother Chen clan gave to the widow." Ru Heng was outstanding from the shao yunmin, and entered the Yi Dynasty at the fifteenth year of his father's order, and studied with Huang Mengbi (Huang Fu) in Tongli, all of whom had great ambitions to disdain" This passage is not on the stone. The text in Feng Zhi's "And the famous scholars Jiang Renfu (Jiang Lin) and Shifu (Jiang Fang) in the Feng Zhi did not exist in the Shi Zhi. Feng Zhizhong's "not only cumulative" is not in Shizhi. After Lu Zhen fell, he and Huang Mengbi studied under Zhang Mao, who instructed them on how to learn, and Shi Zhi also leaked that "knowledge and action go hand in hand, and then they can have the principle of poverty, cultivate themselves and work tirelessly□ governance." 己酉,遂與梦弼 and 易予于乡,會試礼部,梦弼先而汝亨未偶,歡而回,筑室白鹤山中,日讀"A large paragraph. After Lu Zhenzhong was lifted, he was about to go to Beijing to take the exam, when his mother fell ill, he resolutely gave up the exam and took soup medicine until his mother died. Feng Zhishang "Can be, one day to promote the dress, will go to the ceremonial department, suddenly on the mother's disease, so it is not okay." Serving soup medicine on the day, not wearing clothes, burning incense at night to ask the heavens for substitution, and funeral, and mourning and ruining are even worse, funerals and funeral sacrifices are all ceremonial, not Buddha", this passage is leaked in the actual meaning. Feng Zhishang "After being bereaved by his father, the ceremony is the same, and after the funeral, YiLu is unable to raise him, and he wants to make progress." Shi Zhi is "After being lost by his father, as in the same way, after the death, he will not be able to raise him, and he will never be able to advance." ”
(4) Feng Zhi: "It is a routine to go north, and Shi Yu is also ordered to inherit Nan Yong, and Ru Heng returns, and the death industry talks about grinding to the point of refinement, so he ascends to the throne of Pengchen, sends him to Zhuyi in Yunnan, and returns home after completing the matter, Quan Cao chooses to grant Taihe Zhi County, Jiangxi, and from the beginning to the end, that is, to visit the people's feelings, the evils of officials and the severity of the service, the customs and evils and the new government, and those who have something to do with the superiors and are not convenient for the people, that is, the inspectors and the government to discuss, and it is easier." Those who are suspicious and in serious trouble will walk on their own feet, consult the public, and ensure that they are in love with them. Shi Xiangjin was good at government, and slandered the people with a sneer, and The ship in Yizhong should pay two million yuan in silver, even hundreds of people, and all the people were in a hurry. Ru Heng vigorously defended himself and let him go. The town guard took tribute in the middle of the year, and also for the sake of dismissal, he had to reduce his number, and the people relied on Su. After a long period of study, he decorated the Temple of Literature, the new sacrificial vessel, and the construction of additional school houses, so that the scholars could all work in between, and the Song Zhu Confucian lecture notes were displayed so that they could be recited. Every scholar of all beings must give priority to loyalty, filial piety, and righteousness, and rebuild the shrines of loyalty and righteousness, loyalty, etc., and encourage them with the wind. The second altar of The Joshe Ji and the second pavilion of the YuLou are all new. He also destroyed the temples and newly created monasteries in order to make things right. If he drinks in the countryside, then binsuke will push his teeth to the Venerable, and not indiscriminately. For the elderly, they choose those who have the age of devotion and purity, and the rice and meat given by the number of teeth are not general and also. When it is connected with the eunuch, it must be polite, and it is not a private courtesy. Its prison is mostly stranded, and all of them are closed, and there is no drowning. If the custom is good and healthy, then it is diligent to listen to the judgment every day, and the court has no litigation left. If the prefecture sends down the county, insults the officials, and takes the people to harm the people, then the Shenwen Province. Whoever pushes and pursues, follows the matter to be delayed, sets a time limit, so that it will be completed first, and will not be sent to work hard and disturb the rest. In addition to the main office, if there is no small day, it will be cut, and the festival fee will be reduced by nine out of ten. Therefore, if there is a grain tax levied in Yi, and all of them are trapped in the grain to accompany the poor, they summon people to make a first complaint, and they send out the rice such as the swindlers and sprinkle the seeds, and clear out more than fifteen thousand stones, and there is no loss in taxes. The old people were unfair and unusable, then the grain was counted in fifty stones, each of which was given a number of silver, when the officials hired one person, Changchuan was appointed to serve in the old age and transported Huai grain to Wucheng and other places, the cost was very heavy, Shen Zhun's army was handed over to the county, and the army and the people had two toilets, repaired the county warehouse, and built the new kuai district on the left side of the county, took measures to save and atone for the rice valley to prepare for famine, and when the province ploughed the countryside, he advised the peasants to teach the sang, asked the people about their illness, the sick applied medicine, the deceased gave the coffin, the Jing persuaded the good and forbade the treatment of their strong beams, and the people who were not xifei had no desire, and they were safe in the fields. When local bandits arise, they will enact the Law of Protection of Wu, so that the people will be attached to the villages where they live, as many as fifty, as few or as twenty or thirty, and those who are able to serve the masses with their ability are about long, and those who are young and strong are organized as Shi Wu, and each is equipped with equipment, patrols the police at night, and watches out for each other, while the territory is peaceful. Bandits have sprung up all over Jiangxi, gathered caves, attacked cities and plundered the treasury, and even officials have been executed. Shi Ruheng began to return to the north, discussed the desire to build a city, first of all, to sympathize with the people, but to reduce the number of people, to add to the small people, to practice the people's righteousness, to imitate the Wuhou Eight Formations Tufa to practice martial arts, Shuo wangjiaojiao teaching field school shooting, morale is in contention, and the thieves look around and dare not enter. Therefore, the measures for the construction of the city, the interior of the brick city of Seven Miles, the outer construction of the earthen city of ten miles to prepare for its deficiencies, the use of bricks and stones, materials and expenses, the regulations are good, the people do not know the labor, only two months and success, when the Daojia Qieng City, the counties are entrusted with Ruheng Scripture painting, and because of the transfer of wolf soldiers, caress to promote the plan to respond, Ru Heng said that the wolf soldiers were abducted more than robbers, but please make an order, the military ships are not allowed to berth, if a ship is docked, then the ship owners, ten ships as a help, to the shore, to receive support, not to disorder, by the people are solemn, after the soldiers are taken for the military gate, And Yongfeng, Xingan and other counties, Huangbai and other counties, all supervised the capture of the thief's head and so on, rewarded for their merits, and also entrusted the supervision of Yuan, Lin, and Ji three provinces to quickly guard against future fears, and every time the princes had a recommendation, they would think that they were the first. After three years of self-ranking, he went to the ministry for performance appraisal, the most important class was still in office, and there were few, and he was summoned by the urgent shortage of wind and constitution, and the people were sprinkled with snot and stayed, so the phase rate was born and worshipped. ”
Shi Zhi: "It is a matter of routine to go north, and the surplus is also ordered to be lacking] Light customs and evils and a new government, those who have something to do with their superiors and are inconvenient to the people, that is, it is easier to observe the rules and opinions, and those who are suspicious and difficult, they will be released in vain, and the town guards will take tribute to the nobles, and they will be exempted, and the number must be reduced, and the people will rely on it." His school has been relaxed for a long time, and the two pavilions are decorated with new temples, new sacrificial vessels, and additional school buildings, and the obscene temples and newly created monasteries are destroyed, and the customs are justified, and the people who drink in the countryside are pushed by Binjie to promote his teeth and virtues, and they are not indiscriminate. Its practice of pension rules] also, its customs are good at litigation, then listen to the judgment diligently every day, and there is no litigation left. The government sent down the county, insulted the officials, and took the demand to harm the people, then the Shenwen government, where the levy of grain taxes are trapped in the grain chief to accompany the grain chief, then summon people to the first warning and search out the book of tricks to sprinkle and bury the skimming, etc., the rice clears out fifteen thousand stones and the tax is not lost] The quasi-Gan army is handed over to the county, and the military and the people are two, repair the county warehouse and build a new district in the county, take the savings and atonement of the rice grain to prepare for the famine, and its province is attached to the village where it lives, many fifty, less or twenty or thirty, pushing its talent to serve the people, for the long, the young and strong are organized into Shiwu, Each of them was prepared for the first time, and the discussion of building a city was to help the people first, but to reduce the number of people, to practice the people's righteousness, to imitate the martial arts of wuhou's eight arrays, to practice martial arts, to teach the school archers] in the month and succeeded, and its feudal counties and counties were all entrusted with Ruheng scriptures, and because of the transfer of wolf soldiers□ according to the promotion of the plan to meet the plan, Ruheng said that the wolf soldiers were plundered] for the military gate, and Yongfeng, Xingan and other counties, Huang Que and other gong supervisors captured the thief's head so-and-so, rewarded for their merits, and also entrusted the supervision of Yuan, Lin, and Ji Sanfu soldiers to quickly ] (lift a word) to summon, the people sprinkled and climbed, The result is the birth of the shrine,"
This passage mentions that Lu Zhen went north to participate in the examination, and in the year of WuChen (1508), he was appointed to govern the affairs of Taihe County in Jiangxi, and he had made great achievements. He was summoned to Beijing to supervise the imperial history, and the local people thanked Dai De and built a shrine for Lu Zhen. Compared with the two zhi, Shizhi omitted the following paragraphs:
1. "Nanyong, and Ruheng came back, and the deceased talked about grinding to the point of refinement, so he ascended to the throne with Pengchen, sent to Zhuyi, Yunnan, and returned home, Quan Cao chose to grant Taihe zhi county in Jiangxi, and from the beginning to the end, that is, to visit the people's feelings, the abuses of officials and the severity of their service,"
2. "Walk in your own hands, inquire widely, and make sure that you have the affection to come later." Shi Xiangjin was good at government, and slandered the people with a sneer, and The ship in Yizhong should pay two million yuan in silver, even hundreds of people, and all the people were in a hurry. Ru Heng vigorously argued";
3. "The envoys all performed their work in the meantime, and they showed the Lectures of the Song Dynasty and the Confucians, so that they could recite them." Every scholar of all beings must give priority to loyalty, filial piety, and righteousness, and rebuild the shrines of loyalty and righteousness, loyalty, etc., and encourage them with the wind. Ruoshe Ji Second Altar, Yu Lou";
4. "Those who choose the year of their beard are devotion and pure, and the rice and meat given by the number of teeth are not general and also." When it is connected with the eunuch, it must be polite, and it is not a private courtesy. Its prison is mostly stranded, and all of them are closed, and there is no drowning. ”；
5. "Set a time limit, so that it will be completed first, and it will not be laborious to dispatch people and disturb the rest." In addition to the main office, if there is no small day, it will be cut, and the festival fee will be reduced by nine out of ten. Yi Gu YouYi";
6. "If the old people were unjust and unusable, then the grain was counted in fifty stones, and each one produced a number of silver, and when the official hired a strong and courageous person, Changchuan should be appointed to transport Huai grain to Wucheng and other places, and the cost was very heavy, Shen";
7. "When you go to the countryside, you persuade the peasants to teach the sang, ask the people about their illness, the sick administer medicine, the deceased gives the coffin, and the good is advised and forbidden to cure its strong beams, and the xifei have nothing but desire, and they are at peace in the field." When the localities are stolen, the law of protection shall be enacted to make the people";
8. "Apparatus, night patrol, watch over each other, and the territory is peaceful." Bandits have sprung up all over Jiangxi, gathered caves, attacked cities and plundered the treasury, and even officials have been executed. Shi Ruheng North";
9. "The anger is fierce, and the thieves look around and dare not enter." Therefore, the measures for the construction of the city, the inner brick city is seven miles in the week, and the outer construction of the earthen city is ten miles to prepare for its deficiencies, and the costs of the bricks and stones and materials used are well-regulated, and the people do not know how to work, only two";
10. "Rather than robbery, please issue an order that a military vessel shall not be berthed in the bay, and if a ship is docked, its ship shall be sentenced, and ten ships shall be used as a helper, and the second to the shore shall be received, and no disorder shall be allowed, and everyone shall be solemn, and the soldier shall take it after the soldiers have passed";
11. "Guard against the aftermath, and whenever the princes have a recommendation, they will think that they are the first." He has completed three years of rank, gone to the ministry for performance appraisal, and has been reappointed to the most important class, but has not yet done so, and has been in a hurry to lack the constitution of the wind."
In addition, there are several differences, such as "Grain In" and "Grain Chief", "Heavy Reduction Section Sect, Compassion for Small People" and "Heavy Reduction Section Sect, Jia Ren Xiaomin", "Dang Dao Jia Qi Neng City, each county is entrusted with Ru Heng Scripture Painting" and "Its Sealed Counties and Counties are all entrusted with Ru Heng Scripture Painting", etc.
(5) Feng Zhi: "Summoned to Beijing, and Quan Cao was detained in the new year, did not enter Taiwan, but was the chief of the Arsenal Division of the Military Department, and was posthumously given to his father as his official, and his mother was ann." This ministry ordered to look at this for several months, and every time he disagreed with the Chinese people, he resigned, and changed his duties to supervise Cao cao and supervise martial arts. He also sent a patrol through Bauhinia and other passes, deeply lamenting the strategy of armed preparation, and if he wanted to rectify the food, there were many obstacles, and because of the matter of Peng Zhongcheng and Hu Xian's envoys, they did not have the same intentions as the way to go. When the empress dowager was greatly mourned, the holy car returned from the north hunt, and only a few months later, □ returned to the hunt. Ru Heng resisted neglect, said to be respectful and great courtesy, abided by the Great Law, opened Chen Renyi with Longzhi Daoist affairs, accused chen Renyi of the times, was worried and affectionate, was direct in righteousness, and was reprimanded several times, and Lai Chancellor tried to save him, and then promoted the commissioner Wai Lang, the official: It is advisable to hold the Pa to the Gurudwara, Ru Heng alone does not go, so he moves to return, the official Day makes people quickly look at the matter, the official Xu and Lang Cao are urged, and they have no choice but to come back to see things. In the autumn, the big ride returns to the north hunting, and it is no longer possible to say that it will go. ”
Shi Zhi: "膺 (the back of the empty twenty-five characters)] summoned to Beijing, Quan Cao detained in the annual routine, did not enter Taiwan, was the chief of the Arsenal Division of the Military Department, had to be enshrined (the back of the empty eighteen characters) ( carry a word) ( lift a word ) Xun , posthumously gave the father as his official, the mother is a widow, the ministry ordered to see this for several months, every time with the Middle People, resigned, changed the dispatch of the Inspector Cao and the Inspector of The Study, and sent to patrol the mountains and seas] (lifting the second character) The empress dowager was mourned (the back space) (lifting the two characters) (lifting the two characters) The holy car returned from the northern hunting, and in only a few days, there was a (empty word) will to go out on a tour, RuHeng resisted neglect, said to be respectful and generous, and to abide by the great law , with the Longzhi Daoist affair to open Chen Renyi, accusing the evils of the times, feeling deep and deep] and, Lang Cao repeatedly urged, had no choice, and came back to see things. Qiu Qiu Er (back space)] (lift a word) The big driver returned to the north hunt, and it is no longer possible to say it. ”
This passage of Feng Zhi tells that after Lu Zhen entered The Capital, he did not pass the qualification examination of the official department, was not appointed to the imperial history, and was changed to the head of the Arsenal Department of the Military Department, and his parents were posthumously gifted. Lu Zhen served as a reviewer of the headquarters in the military department, but due to discord with the eunuchs, he resigned after a few months. He was sent to supervise CaoYun and inspect martial arts, but because of his inappropriate remarks, he was reluctant to retreat. The empress dowager was greatly mourned, and the Zhengde Emperor returned to Beijing from the north, and left the capital a few months later. Lu Zhen wrote that the Zhengde Emperor had behaved improperly and offended the emperor, but fortunately was exempt from punishment. Later, he acted as a soldier, Wai Lang, and his subordinates reminded him to send some gifts to the eunuch who managed the official seal, but he refused, saying that he was ill and did not go to work. His boss and colleagues urged him to go to work every day to deal with official business, and Lu Zhenfang reopened his office. In the autumn of that year, the Zhengde Emperor went out again to tour the north.
Compared with the two aspirations, the actual aspirations are leaked:
1. "Waiting for the pass, deeply lamenting the strategy of armed armament, if you want to increase the food, then there are many constraints, and because of the matter of Peng Zhongcheng and Hu Xian's envoys, they have already returned to the cause." From time to time";
2. "Affection, righteousness, righteousness, resignation
The differences between the two aspirations in writing:
1. Feng Zhi "and Quan Cao confined to the annual case", Shi Zhi "Quan Cao detained in the year case", Feng Zhi has one more "and" character;
2. Feng Zhi "Feng Xun posthumously gives the father as his official", Shi Zhi "has to give the father as his official", and Shi Zhi has one more "get" word;
3. Feng Zhi "changed the difference between supervising Cao and supervising martial arts, and sent a patrol to Bauhinia and other passes," and Shizhi "changed to a poor inspector and a supervisor of school, and sent a patrol of mountains and seas (guan)"; Feng Zhi had more than one "wu" character, the difference being that Feng Zhi "Bauhinia and other passes" and Shizhi "Shanhai (Guan)", in the "Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle", "changed to patrol the mountains and seas, bauhinia and other passes" (6). Bauhinia Pass was in present-day Zijingling, Yi County, Hebei Province, and Shanhaiguan was in present-day Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province.
4. Fengzhi "only a few months" and Shizhi "only a few days", the time difference is obvious.
According to volume 159 of the Records of Emperor Wuzong yi of the Ming Dynasty, "In the thirteenth year of Zhengde (1518), in February Gengwu Shuo, Shang was in Xuanfu. He died, Empress Dowager Cisheng Kangshou, Yue Three Days, Noon, up to Zi Xuan Province, naifa funeral. On this day, the will was promulgated in the world, and the bells and drums were not sounded for a total of 27 days from this day to the ninth day of March. (7) Chengjiao, the Zhengde Emperor, sent a decree to inspect the construction of the mausoleum and sacrifice the tombs. Yang Tinghe and others, who were worried that the emperor would take the opportunity to leave the capital and go north, rushed to warn him. The Zhengde Emperor replied, "The grief is deep and deep, and I have not endured to leave for a while." In March, Jiang Heng of the Thirteen Imperial Dynasties of Nanjing said: "Now that the Empress Dowager Zi Palace is in the funeral, if Your Majesty is far away, so that once the funeral served performed by the Tired Dynasty is abolished, why does it make the world, look forward to the end of the Great Interior," to comfort the empress dowager's spirit in heaven, the Zhengde Emperor ignored it. In April, the six branches all gave Zhu Mingyang a message, mentioning that the emperor had left the capital, "It has not been closed for more than ten days now, the roads are noisy, and they are said to have left the mountain mausoleum, and the former Lucky Silver Mountain is everywhere." Jia Shen, the official Shangshu Lu finished his speech, saying that the emperor had left the capital and "the sacrifice has been completed now, and the return date is uncertain," and asked the emperor to return to Beijing quickly, and the emperor who was patrolling miyun also ignored him. Yi You, a university scholar Yang Tinghe and Shangyan, "It has been half a month since the emperor personally told the Ceremony of the Six Tombs, and he has not seen Luang, and it is rumored that he has traveled to Huanghua Town, Miyun and other places. "Asking the emperor to return to Beijing, he ignored it." In May, the Zhengde Emperor was stationed at the mouth of Daxi Peak. Yang Tinghe, a scholar of the University, said, "The Holy Driver has been outside for more than a month," and asked the Emperor to return to Ouchi. Peng Shen, the Zhengde Emperor returned to Beijing.
According to the above information, the Zhengde Emperor may not have waited for the expiration of the twenty-seven days of mourning, and then used the excuse of going out to beijing for a parade. Therefore, the Zhengde Emperor Returned to Beijing after the funeral of Empress Dowager Ben and did not leave Beijing after the "only few months" mentioned on Feng Zhishang. The claim that he left Beijing "only a few days" in the actual history is also supported by many historical evidence. "Empress Xiaozhen collapsed, and Emperor Wuzong went to Zixuan Province. After a few days of mourning, he wanted to go north again. (8) The Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle also mentions that "Empress Xiaozhen was mourned, and Emperor Wuzong returned from the northern hunt, and only a few days later, he returned to the tour with a purpose." (9) These two accounts coincide with the actual intention.
In addition, Feng Zhizhong mentions that "official: it is advisable to hold the pa to the gurudwara", which means "holding the pa", and here is the explanation of "gifting gifts". There was a custom in the ming dynasty officialdom that when a foreign official entered the dynasty or sent an official back to Beijing or promoted, the person concerned must engrave a book by himself, and use this book and a towel as a gift to his superiors and relevant officials, which is actually an excuse for bribery. After the Wanli Calendar, this custom gradually withered away, and it was straightforward to give gold and silver treasures. This kind of self-funded engraving of books, called "book papier-mâché", is not valued by later generations of bibliophiles because of its poor engraving and poor collation. The Compendium of the General Catalogue of the Four Libraries of the Whole Book, commenting on the Chronicle of The King of Su, said: "Case: Gu Yanwu's Rizhilu (日知錄) says: The official who entered the court in the past gave a book and a pa, which is called a book pa. It is also said that when the officials expire their terms, they will engrave a book to fill the will, which is also very elegant. And the halogen is reckless, and it is very difficult to read. Nowadays, bibliophiles take the book as the lowest, and the cover is due to this. (10) The comment on the "Zhihe General Examination" is: "The body is uneven, the publication is clumsy, and the book Pa Benye at that time was covered." (11) The comment on the "Sexual Theory" is: "Nine times out of ten cutters." However, to take more is not proper, Gai also book Paben er. (12) The comment on the "Yellow House Collection" is: "The Pilgrimage officials of the Gaiming Dynasty entered the capital, and for example, they bribed Jin with heavy goods. The rest of the court officials published a book, accompanied by a pa to give, called the book pa. Its book is called the Book of Papen. (13) Ye Dehui, a bibliophile of the Qing Dynasty, spoke very lowly of the Ming Dynasty book Papen: "The fallacy of the Ming Dynasty Book Papen, the Ming Dynasty officials were sent on a business trip, and when they returned to Beijing, they would carve a book, and give it as a gift with one book and one pad, which is called the book Padn." Detailed Gu Yanwu's "Rizhilu". Press: Ming Shi officials paid money to carve books, and the habit of doing good things in Song Caosi County. However, the proofreading was not good, and there were many false accusations, and so far the bibliophiles regarded the books at that time as being more expensive than the factory, and the name was low and low. However, the so-called engraving of a book and the book of the dead in the past, the Ming people can not resign their blame. (14) Both the Compendium of the General Catalogue of the Siku Quanshu and Ye Dehui mention that the term "Shupa Ben" originated from Gu Yanwu's Rizhilu in the early Qing Dynasty. Gu Yanwu said, "There is no field in this school, and there is no reproduction of books, but there are divisions or engravings, but only for the use of gifts, and their non-work is out of the workshop, and the workers do not count and see." (15) In fact, he only mentioned that the Ming Dynasty official school (Fuzhou County School) did not have the ability to learn and had no financial resources to engrave books. Local governments often carved books for gifts. There are not many books engraved by the government, and the quality of most of the books is even worse than that of the books engraved in the folk books. Gu Yanwu did not mention the "Shupa Ben" engraved by Ming Dynasty officials, although the "Shu Pa Ben" was also used for gifts, but it was not the same as the nature of the engraved book funded by the local government, but the purpose was similar. It seems inappropriate to attribute the theory of "Shu Pa Ben" to Gu Yanwu.
(6) Feng Zhi: "However, with the current events, the anxiety becomes a disease, and the repeated desire for return, the south, and the external supplement are not allowed." The next year, driving back to the suburbs, before the end of the day, there is a return to the order of the southern tour, RuHeng and Wu Xuanlang in the Huang JunboGu all want to have a word, so they say: The ancient Tianzi patrol is nothing but a thing, and a trip to Yu, the people are given a rest of help, solid for good. Now it is a parade that is unrelenting, and lingering, making the people curse, and providing for hundreds of millions of worries for the worries of the county, although the officials of my generation are not responsible, and the people of the public opinion and horse guards are all dutiful and lawless, and they should also say that they are not more than the advice of the deacons of the work and art, and the NingFu has long planned different plans, wants to be wrong, the Chinese and foreign do not know, there is a change in Bolang, and regret will be what will happen. It is what is seen in each statement, and the participation is combined into one sparse, and the joint signature is advanced, and its sparse place is Chen Yue: Reverence for Sacred Studies, Tongyan Road, Correct Name, Abstinence from Youxing, Going to the Villain, Building The Six Things, and the Loyalty is fierce, the words are cut, and they do not know that they are opposed to the dragon scales on it, and the magnates are also under it. Neglect is entered, and the day is waiting for the sin to be under the que, and after that, all the courtiers in the court think that it is a matter of resignation, and the counselors are two hundred. There was already an edict, and six other people, including Ru Heng and Huang Bogu, took the initiative to propose that they go to the Jinyi Prison, and Yu Was the Staff, and the same negative clamp school was kneeling at the door for five days. ”
Shi Zhi: "Constantly with the current events, the sickness of the disease, the repeated desire to return, the south, the external supplement, all can not be." Hui Ben Si Lack Lang Zhongzheng Seal, Yue] (Lift a Word) Drive Back (Empty One Word) Suburban Heaven, Not Much, There Is a (Back Space)] (Lift a Word) The Order of the Southern Tour, Jun and Wu Xuan Lang Huang Junbo Gu both wanted to speak bluntly, so they said: The Ancient Heavenly Son's Patrol is nothing but a matter, and once he visits and one Yu, the people get □ help, and the solid] is not more than the advice of the gong and the art, and the situation is that the people have long planned different plans, want to do wrong, both chinese and foreign do not know, there is a change of the waves, and the regret will be. Is] (lift a word) dragon scales, under the bow of the Falcon Guiya. Neglect of the in, the day to be sinned (back space)] (lifting a word) que, is the latter, the group of courtiers are all in the matter (empty word) que, and the counselors are two hundred. From the edict of yes (back space)] (lifting a word), with Ru Heng and Huang Bogu and six other people initiating the proposal, the same as the Jinyi Prison, all the staff, and the same negative clamp school to kneel at the door (empty word) for five days. ”
This passage of Feng Zhi tells that Lu Zhen was worried about the illness of sheji, and repeatedly sent reports to ask for a return to the township or sent to Nanjing to serve or send out local officials, but he did not get permission. After a year, the Zhengde Emperor returned to Beijing to worship the heavens, and soon wanted to go south to inspect. Lu Zhen was worried that the rebellion of Zhu Chenhao (1479--1521), the King of Ning, would endanger the country, and he joined forces with a group of like-minded officials to prevent the emperor from leaving the capital. The Zhengde Emperor was furious and punished Lu Zhen and a group of other officials and threw them into prison.
1. The words "next year" and "next year";
2. "For good." Now it is a parade that is unrelenting, and it is forgotten that the people are cursed, and the hundreds of millions of expenses are the worries of the county, and although the officials of my generation are not responsible, and the people of the public horse guards are all dutiful and lawless, they should also say,";
3. "Each describes what he sees, and the reference is combined into one sparse, and the joint signature is advanced, and his sparse place is Chen Yue: reverence for the sacred study, tongyan road, correct name, abstinence from youxing, going to the villain, building the six things of the two, and the loyalty is fierce, the tone of the words is cut, and the self-awareness is rebellious";
Shi Zhi has one more text than Feng Zhi: "Huiben Si lacks Lang Zhong's signature seal", indicating that Lu Zhen also represented Lang Zhong's position at that time, which is a relatively important historical material.
The two are different in some text:
1. The difference between Fengzhi "Ningfu" and Shizhi "Ningshu people", after the rebellion of Zhu Chenhao, the king of Ning, was deposed as a Shuren.
2. Feng Zhi "but not in the current events", shizhi "always in the current events of the day".
3. Feng Zhi "Huang Jun Bogu in Ru Heng and Wu Xuan Lang both want to have words", and Shi Zhi "Huang Jun Bo Gu in Jun and Wu Xuan Lang both want to speak bluntly".
4. Feng Zhi "in the court and the courtiers all think that it is a matter of fu que", and Shi Zhi "all of the courtiers think that it is a matter of fu que".
5. Feng Zhi "has been edicted", and Shizhi is "edicted".
The "change of the waves" mentioned in both zhi is a historical allusion, referring to the attempted assassination of Qin Shi Huang by Zhang Liang in Bolangsha, suggesting that Zhu Chenhao, the king of Ning, had been planning for a long time, the sword was raging, the rebellion was about to occur, and the imperial court was in crisis.
(7) Feng Zhi: "The six men of Ruheng added three more scepters, and when they sat in January, they were deposed and demoted to the people, and Yu was demoted to a difference." In prison, Ru Heng tried to talk to Bo Gu about Yi Jiu Gua, and he knew the way of distress, and all the prisoners were punished for the aftermath, and Ru Heng did not say a word. And out of prison, and give up, his widows are called: He zi is so bitter, Ru Heng is said: what I have done, I regret it. From the day when the illness was getting worse and worse, one day, Suo wrote a book with his sons: Although I die, Ru and so on should be loyal and filial, and shu will not live up to what I have taught. Tomorrow, with his companions, he will surrender: I will say goodbye to Ru and look at each other. On the day of the day, only Xu Anduren and the young son were on the side, and all the fellow villagers, the same year, and their colleagues came to weep and mourn, and they mourned with the brokers, and crossed the day of the tenth day. ”
Shi Zhi: "The six people of Ruheng are also imprisoned, and they are still abandoned, and their widows are said to be: Why should they suffer so much?" Ru Heng Yue: What I have done, I have repented. The illness is getting worse and worse, and one day, Suo Pen writes a book and the sons know: Although I am dead, I weep and lay down, and I am sorry for the executioner, and I am walking more and more than the day. ”
1. "Three plus the signal staff, and sitting in January, deposed and demoted to the people, yu are downgraded to a difference." In prison, Ru Heng tried to talk to Bo Gu about Yi Jiu Gua, and he knew the way of distress, and all the prisoners were punished for the aftermath, and Ru Heng did not say a word. and out";
2. "Ru and others should be loyal and filial, and they should live up to what I have taught." Tomorrow, with his companions, he will surrender: I will say goodbye to Ru and look at each other. On that day, only Xu Andu and his young son were on his side, and all his fellow villagers, the same year, and his colleagues came."
1. Feng Zhi "by the disease is getting more and more critical", Shi Zhi "the disease is getting worse and worse".
When Lu Zhen was released from prison, he was intimidated by Jiang Bin's obscenity, and his family did not dare to go and pick him up. Zhang Qiao (1499-1543), a fellow Lanxi fellow villager and a student of Zhang Mao, was not afraid of risks, and carried the dying Lu Zhen out of prison alone and sent him home. Feng Zhishang Lu Zhen's suicide note to his sons on his deathbed reads: "Although I die, Ru and others should be loyal and filial, and they will not live up to my teachings." The History of Ming, Lu Zhenchuan, goes like this: "Although I die, Ru and others should be loyal and filial." My pen is chaotic, and God is not chaotic. (16) The Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle is also like this: "Although I die, Ru and others should be loyal and filial." My pen is chaotic, and God is not chaotic. (17) The Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle should be a transcription of the History of the Ming Dynasty.
(8) Feng Zhi: "Ru Heng was born on the seventh day of November, and the twenty-seventh day of April of the end of the zhengde dynasty, and the year of fifty was six." Xu Ruren, a famous family girl in tongli, has a woman's way and is good at her family. Five sons and daughters: Kinren, Kinren, County Students, Youren, Qiuren, and Tiren. Female one, Tongyi Jiang Yi (jiang fang's son, Zhengde Ding ugly jinshi). The grandson is four, the second daughter, and both are young. As stated as such, then Ru Heng is also suitable for Ming. ”
Shi Zhi: "Ru Heng Sheng Tian Shun Jia Shen November 7th, Zhongzheng De Ji Ji April 27th] Jiang Qi. Sun Nanliu: Kejia, Qijia, Chengjia, Mingjia, Qian, Ji. Female second: Rich family, Joan, young. If so, then Ru Heng set up its □□ also. ”
Compared with the two zhi, the actual zhi leaked: "There are six out of fifty years." Xu Ruren, a famous family girl in tongli, has a woman's way and is good at her family. Five sons and daughters: Kinren, Qinren County Students, Youren, Qiuren, and Tiren. Female one, suitable for the Nanjing Punishment Department chief Tongyi".
The difference between the two journals:
1. Fengzhi "November 7th" and Shizhi "November 7th";
2. Feng Zhi "Sun Nan IV", Shi Zhi "Sun Nan VI: Ke Jia, Qi Jia, Cheng Jia, Ming Jia, Qian, Ji. Shizhi leaked information about Lu Zhen's five sons and one daughter, but recorded the names of his six grandsons in detail, and there were two more than Feng Zhi.
3. Feng Zhi "(Grandson) Daughter Two, Ju Young", Shi Zhi "(Sun) Daughter Two: Rich Family, Juan, Ju Young. Shizhi recorded the names of Lu Zhen's two granddaughters: Lu Fujia and Lu Qiong.
4. Feng Zhi "then Ru Heng Yi Ming Ye", Shi Zhi "Then Ru Heng established its □□ also".
5. Feng Zhi "Jiang Qi", Shi Zhi "Jiang Qi", Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle Volume 5 There is a biography of "Jiang Qi", "Zi Youzhang, (Jiang) Fang's son, LiXue DeZhang's biography." Dengzheng Deding ugly jinshi, served as the chief of the Nanjing Punishment Department. ”（18）
(9) Feng Zhi: "It has been inscribed: Heaven is born of talent, the national soldier is a stalker, The Kan Kan Ru Heng, the detachment of the cone, the learned and the knowledgeable, the talented, the outstanding ambition, the unbelievable, the shepherd, the earnest people, the official Lang Office, the recitation of the animal jun, the people's love, the birth of the ancestral temple, the animal Jun, the horn is unheard, the foot is immortal, the subordinates are examined, and the you are thick, take the righteousness into benevolence, the tianhu is not you, not to bow, after the use of Chang Yue, ming Yi Zhaozhi, Shaoyang Qishou." ”
Shi Zhi: "Self (Empty Three Grids)] Ming Yue: Heavenly Birth Talent, Shu Shi Is Strange, Kan Kan Ru Heng, Shu Ying Sac Cone, Learned and Knowledgeable, There Is Talent, Outstanding Ambition, Strange Thought, Shi □□□□] (Lifting two words) Jun, People's Beloved, Ancestral Shrine Renewed, Animal (Back Space)] (Lifting Two Words) Jun He You, Horn Stroke Unheard, Ordinary Life Standing, Foot Immortal, Subordinate Subjects Are Examined, and You Yan Hou, Take Righteousness into Ren, Tianhu Buyou, Do Not □ His Descendants, Use □ Hou Hou. ”
Compared with the two zhi, the real zhi leaked: "Ming Yi Zhaozhi, Shaoyang Qi Shou". Feng Zhi "does not bow to it", and Shi Zhi "does not □ its body".
In addition, the "guo" character of "囯士為奇" in the Shizhi is not "guo", but the "囯" of the "wang" in the "囗", which appears in the Ming Dynasty epitaph object, which is quite eye-catching.
(Lu Zhen's epitaph is the "囯" in the "Shizhi", mouth from the king)
3. The "Writers", "Seal People", and "Shudan People" of Shizhi are interpreted
(1) Writers
According to historical records, Lu Zhen was killed by the court staff on the 15th day of April in the fourteenth year of Zhengde (1519). Feng Zhi records that Lu Zhen died in the fourteenth year of Zhengde (1519) on April Jiashen (21st), and in the fifteenth year of Zhengde (1520) on December 14, the tomb was temporarily built. Lu Zhen's sons, Jinren and Qinren, asked Zhang Mao to write an epitaph, so it can be concluded that the Fengzhi book was written during this time period (1520-1521).
Shizhi inscription "Shi JinshiDi Prince Shaobao Nanjing Libu", according to: Zhang Mao, Ming Jiajing first year (1522), into the Nanjing Libu Shangshu, winter pawn, gifted to the prince Shaobao, indicating that Shizhi was engraved after Zhang Mao's death.
(2) Seal persons
Feng Zhi did not have any information about the seal of the people, and the actual zhi was titled "Prime Minister HeDao JiaYi Doctor".
This "Prime Minister HeDao Jiayi Doctor" pointed to Zhang Zheng, which is very consistent with historical facts. Zhang Mao's nephew Zhang Zheng and Lu Zhen are both students of Zhang Mao, and they have a friendship with each other, since Zhang Mao wrote an epitaph for his student Lu Zhen, it is also reasonable for Zhang Zheng to seal the epitaph of his classmate Lu Zhen.
The establishment of the post of Prime Minister Hedao began in the seventh year of Chenghua (1471), "In the seventh year of Chenghua, Wang Shu was appointed as a servant of the Ministry of Works, and he served the Prime Minister Hedao. The general river waiter is set up, since the beginning of forgiveness. When the Yellow River is not troubled, forgive the Force Cao River. ”（19）
"In the fifth year of Jiajing (1526), the governor of Caodu Yushi GaoYouji asked The Jialu River in Shandong and the Mandarin Duck Mouth in Henan to divide the water potential and not to harm one side. The ministerial discussion feared harming Shandong and Henan, and it was not allowed. In the winter, Zhang Zheng was appointed as the attendant of the Ministry of Works and the capital of Yushi zhihe. ”（20）
"(Jiajing) six years (1527), the yellow river overflowed into the Caoqu, the Peibei Temple Road mouth was silted for dozens of miles, the grain ships were obstructed, and the waiter Zhang Zheng could not be cured. Shang Shu Hu Shining, Zhan Shi Huo Tao, and You Shi Jiang Liangcai asked to open a canal in the east of Zhaoyang Lake for a long-term plan. The agreement was not decided, and yushi Wu Zhongyan summoned him to return, that is, the family worship should be the right capital of the imperial history. ”（21）
"In September of the sixth year of Jiajing, the prime minister of the River Andean Ministry of Works, Shangshu Zhang, was full of examinations, and then he impeached himself for ineffective water treatment, begging, and not allowing." (22) The position of "Shangshu of the Ministry of Works" here should be wrong, but it is still the "Right Attendant of the Ministry of Works".
"In November of the sixth year of Jiajing, Zhang Zhengshang, the right attendant of the Prime Minister's River Works Department, was begging for a rest, and he was ordered to return to Beijing and not to use it." （23）
"In the eighth year of Jiajing (1529), in March Jiazi, zhang zheng, the right attendant of the Ministry of Works, was promoted to the Shangshu of the Ministry of Works in Nanjing." （24）
"Nanjing Ministry of Works Shangshu Table, Zhang Zheng, see former, Jiajing eight years in office." （25）
"In March of the eighth year of Jiajing, Zhang Zheng, the right attendant of the Ministry of Works, was made the Shangshu of the Ministry of Works in Nanjing." （26）
"At noon in August of the eighth year of Jiajing, the Shangshu Zhang of the Ministry of Works of Nanjing was changed to the Shangshu of the Ministry of Works, and the initial officials of the Ministry of Works were short of Shangshu staff, and those who would push were again, all of them were improper, and the shangyi was specially used to save." （27）
Ming Dynasty Ministry of Works Waiter, Zheng Sanpin. Jia yi dafu, the official name of Wen Shan, in the Ming Dynasty, was the rank of zheng sanpin initially conferred, promoted to the general discussion doctor, and added to the zhengyi dafu. In the Ming Dynasty, Shangshu of the Ministry of Works of Nanjing, Zheng Erpin, was initially awarded the Zishan Doctor, promoted to senior political doctor, and added to the Zide Doctor.
In summary, the time period for Zhang Zheng to seal The seal of Lu Zhen's epitaph can be set as: between the winter of the fifth year of Jiajing (1526) and the november of the sixth year of Jiajing (1527).
(3) Shudan people
Feng Zhi has no information record of the Shu Dan people, and Shi Zhi only has "Shi Jin Shi Di Zheng Shi Lang", which cannot be confirmed due to the lack of words. Zheng Shilang (征士郎), a Ming Dynasty rank name, was promoted by a civilian official from the Seven Pins. "Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle" Volume VI Branch Table: Ming Jiajing Five Years Of Gong Yongqing List, One of the Lanxi Jinshi is Tang Ren. Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle Volume V Literary records: "Tang Ren, Zi Xingzhi, Number Four Springs, Botong Jingshi, You Yuyi." Zhengde Gengwu (1510) raised people, and Jiajing Bingshu (1526) became a jinshi. Moved to the Ministry of Works. (28) Zhang Mao was proficient in Yi Xue, Tang Ren was also proficient in Yi Xue, and Feng Zhizhong said that Lu Zhen "tried to talk about Yi and Jiu Gua with Bo Gu in prison." "Zhang Mao and Lu Zhen have the share of teachers and students, and Zhang Mao and Tang Ren may also be inherited from the teacher." Combining the factors of the School of Knowledge, the relationship between teachers and students, the time of the department, and the title, the Shudan people may be Tang Ren, but sufficient information is still needed to support the evidence.
Fourth, a few questions about shizhi
After this comparison and mutual proofreading and supplementary interpretation, the similarities and differences between Feng Zhi and Shi Zhi have been roughly revealed. What makes people wonder is that there are so many omissions in the text of Shizhi that they cannot even be read through. Without Fengzhi reference, it is even impossible to fully understand the relevant historical facts expressed in the Shizhi text. Why is there such a strange situation in Shizhi? The reason is unknown, but can only speculate on the following points:
1. There is a time gap between the writers of Shizhi, the seal people, and the Shudan people when they complete this work. When the Shudan people wrote the epitaph manuscript written by Zhang Mao on the stone, due to the excessive number of words in the epitaph manuscript, the huge Zhishi page could not accommodate so many words. Therefore, arbitrary abridgements are made, and such abridgements are arbitrary, without any literary and grammatical considerations.
2. Shudan is a "ShijinShidi Zhengshilang", a person with an official status, although his name is not tested, he may be a protégé of Zhang Mao. Zhang Mao is a master of the art of making (Eight Strands of Literature), and the Shudan people are deeply aware of its essence, using the technique of "interception" to "cut" thousands of words of the teacher Zhang Mao's Yangyang in order to write on the stone.
3. The Shudan people completely and faithfully wrote Zhang Mao's epitaph manuscript, and when the Zhishi engraver got the epitaph paper to copy the stone, he found that the epitaph manuscript was long, and the existing Zhishi page could not accommodate such a large number of words. Therefore, the engraver played on the spot, arbitrarily deleting the epitaph manuscript until it could make up the zhishi layout.
4. Other reasons, such as whether there is a possibility that 2 zhi stones will be engraved separately.
5. Afterwords
Feng Zhi records that Lu Zhen's tomb is on the "left side of Ruishan Ancestral Tomb in Ruishan Township". The Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle volume 1 Shan Chuan "In the west of the middle river, the mountain has two branches, from the left side of the monk mountain to the east through the iron threshold (twenty-one capitals and four figures in the west of Huzhuang), to the tea mountain (twenty-three capitals and one map of the south of the flax car village), the left line is sheshan, and the right line is mantang gang. From the left of the iron threshold to the north of the line to Ruishan (Twenty-one Capitals and Three Figures, "Famous Places" Yun: In the past years, there were Ruimai, hence the name). Its northeast line is divided into two branches, one is Tantang Mountain (Twenty-three Capitals And Three Figures, After TantangZhuang), and the other is Dawugang (Twenty-Three Capitals and Two Figures, Bamboo Forest Zhuang West). (29) The Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle records that "the tomb of Lu Zhongdingzhen, the secretary of the Taichang Temple, wrote a zhiming in Hu Hom, Ruishan Township, and supervised Liu Ruibiao's tomb: Emperor Ming's loyal and straight subject." (30) (Volume 3 House Tomb) Ming "Zhengde Lanxi County Chronicle" Volume 1 "Ruishan Township TaipingLi, formerly known as Baishi, in the southwest of Gantang Township, Guan Du Si. (31) Twenty-five figures. The Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle records that Ruishan Township has twenty capitals, twenty-one capitals, twenty-two capitals, and twenty-three capitals, which are the same as Ming Zhengdezhi, but only seventeen maps. It is rumored that Lu Zhen's epitaph stone was excavated in the reservoir area of Dongfeng Reservoir in Lanxi City in the early years, where is the specific location of this "Ruishan Township Hu Hom"? To be investigated.
(The reservoir area of Dongfeng Reservoir where Lu Zhen's tomb site is located)
This Lu Zhen epitaph (Shizhi) is a peculiar historical document carrier, although the information contained is incomplete, but it can also benefit history. It is an unsolved mystery that is worth exploring.
Notes and citations:
(1) The History of the Ming Dynasty, vol. 189, And Liechuan 77 Lu Zhenchuan
(2) "Ming Shilu" Sejong Shilu Volume II: "Zhengde Sixteenth Year May Ugly, Gifted to the Late Soldier Wailang Lu Zhen Taichang Temple Shaoqing." ”
(3), (4), (6), (9), (17) Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle, vol. 5, Zhongjie
(5) Ming Ji NanLuo, Vol. 5 Nandu Jia Yi Ji (continued): "Zhengde Dynasty died to advise the ministers, the punishment (soldier) member Wailu Zhen Yu Zhongding, Jia Yi Shi Zai: Zhu Chen's (Chongzhen seventeenth year) September 20. "Hongguang Shilu Banknote" Volume II: "September Jiachen, supplementing the famous ministers, Lu Zhenzhongding, the chief of the military department." ”
(7) Records of Emperor Wuzong yi of Ming Dynasty, volume 159
(8) (16) The History of Ming lists the seventy-seventh Lu Zhenchuan
(10) Compendium of the General Catalogue of the Four Libraries, Vol. 59, History Department XV
(11) Compendium of the General Bibliography of the Four Libraries, Vol. 75, History Department 31
(12) Compendium of the General Catalogue of the Four Libraries, vol. 96, Sub-Part VI
(13) Compendium of the General Catalogue of the Four Libraries, Vol. 174, Episode 27
(14) Shulin Qing dialect, volume VII (Qing) Ye Dehui
(15) Rizhilu, vol. 18, Twenty-first History of the Jianben (Qing) Gu Yanwu
(18) Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle, Vol. 5
(19) (20) History of the Ming Dynasty, Chronicle 59 Hequ I
(21) History of the Ming Dynasty, Vol. 111 (Flourishing Period)
(22) Ming Shilu Sejong Shilu Volume 80
(23) Ming Shilu Sejong Shilu Vol. 82
(24) Ming Shilu Sejong Shilu Volume 99
(25) "Yishan Tang Beiji" (Ming) Wang Shizhen
(26) "Jiangsu Province General Chronicle of Major Events", volume 32, Ming Jiajing < a >
(27) Records of the Ming Dynasty, Volume 14 of the Records of sejong
(28) Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle, Vol. V Literature
(29) "Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle" volume 1 mountains and rivers
(30) Guangxu Lanxi County Chronicle, vol. 3 House Tomb
(31) Ming "Zhengde Lanxi County Chronicle" Volume 1 Xiangdu
(Aerial view of Lu Zhen's tomb site)