He was born into a shabby family of small merchants.
He, with his own efforts, was admitted to Tsinghua Academy and went to the United States for further study.
He founded The First Preschool Education Experimental Center in China, pioneering the research of early childhood education.
He has devoted his life to the education and practice of young children, and is the pioneer and founder of child psychology and early childhood pedagogy in China.
He is Chen Heqin, the father of early childhood education in China.
1
Childhood
A corner of Chen Heqin's ancestral home (Maojia Lane, Baiguan Town, Shangyu)
March 5, 1892,
Chen Heqin was born in Baiguan Town, Shangyu, Zhejiang
A family of run-down small merchants who open a grocery store
In his impression, the way the father taught his children was to "fight", and he always said: "From a young age, we must teach (fight) from an early age, and evil habits must not be formed." ”
Later, Chen Heqin became an educator, and he was very opposed to using "wei" and "fear" to intimidate and punish children, and even more opposed to using children as punching bags for adults. He believed that "if you want to have a good child, you must teach it from an early age", and that "love" is better than "strict".
When his father died at the age of 6, the eldest brother in charge of the family had no way to govern, and he owed gambling debts, and the grocery store and a few acres of thin fields left by his ancestors were sold little by little, and the family's situation was very difficult. In order to make ends meet, his mother washed clothes for people, chen Heqin, who was only seven or eight years old, helped on the side, and he could also pick up and walk with a load of twenty or thirty pounds of clothes.
The mother alone takes on the task of educating her children
She taught the children to learn to be human.
Also learn to do things.
Brothers should be fraternal,
Treat your friends well,
Be faithful to people.
These teachings have always been engraved in Chen Heqin's heart.
Chen Heqin was 7 years old when he entered the private school, Mr. Teaching was an "addict", often in the morning when the students went to school, he did not get up, listless during class, casually teaching, never explaining, teaching many of the original profound meaning, beautiful text, living classics into "dead books", students rote memorization, completely do not understand the meaning of the book, as if it is a small monk chanting the scriptures, casually reading, do not understand at all.
His summary of his childhood was: his body was healthy, free of any disease, and full of emotions; he read more than ten books and knew thousands of words, but he did not know the meaning of the books; he developed good moral character, one should be filial to his mother, the second should be brotherly and friendly, the third should be faithful to others, the fourth must learn to treat people and things, and the fifth must be sincere to friends; to learn to read, but also to learn to be a person.
2
The concept of patriotism and love for the people sprouted
After graduating from Huilan High School with the first place,
Chen Heqin was admitted to tsinghua school,
Classmates include Jin Yuelin, Liao Shicheng,
Meng Xiancheng, Wu Qinlie and so on.
He did two things that made a lot of sense.
The first was the establishment of a school service cram school;
The other is the establishment of a compulsory primary school in the village of Chengfu near the school.
He is also the principal and teacher of two schools.
On the eve of graduation, a barber who had attended a cram school asked him for a photo and said earnestly: "I want to hang it on the wall as a souvenir, and when others see this picture in the future, I can tell them: 'This is Mr. Chen who taught us the book!'" When Chen Heqin returned to Tsinghua Garden 23 years later, an old chef still recognized him and asked, "Aren't you Mr. Chen?" ”
Chen Heqin's "Half of My Life" wrote: In my childhood, my outlook on life was nothing more than showing my relatives and making a name; in the middle school era, my outlook on life was in ji shi and loved the people; in the university era, my outlook on life could not only pay attention to saving the country in addition to loving the world and loving the people.
This concept of national salvation was cultivated at Tsinghua. I understand the history of Tsinghua's founding. Tsinghua's funds were refunded by the United States.
What is Gengpai? It is nothing more than the people's cream. So I feel that what I am eating is the cream of the people, and what I am using is also the cream of the people, and all the expenses used to travel to the United States in the future are also the cream of the people. Now that the government has cultivated me with the fat of the people, how can I not be grateful? How can I not think about repaying? The concept of patriotism and love for the people has since emerged spontaneously.
3
Choose the path of education to save the country
In 1914, he was on a ship to study in the United States
(The left one in the front row is Tao Xingzhi, and the right one in the back row is Chen Heqin)
Chen Heqin couldn't even suppress his excitement
"We are mighty,
Ride the long wind and break the waves, cross the Pacific Ocean! ”
Most of the people on board were due to seasickness,
Everyone was lying on the bed.
Chen Heqin belongs to one of the few students who are not afraid of seasickness,
He was thinking about his future life path.
Before going abroad, he chose to study pedagogy at Oberlin University and then transferred to Columbia University for further study. After boarding the ship, he hesitated.
In the eyes of ordinary people, education is a profession that looks at other people's faces to make a living, which can be described as "sitting on the cold bench". He asked himself, "Since education is not possible, what can make me self-sufficient and not seek others?" Medicine is the best. If I have the ability, I don't have to consult people, but people have to ask me. ”
For the first three days after his departure, his heart was not at peace, he thought left and right, and could not sleep at night.
A few days later, Chen Heqin once again examined his decision, and he asked himself, "What is my ambition?" Is my ambition to live for my personal life? never! Is it for the life of a family? Never! My ambition is to serve humanity and do my best for the country! "He lost sleep again.
After thinking about it carefully, he dismissed the idea of studying medicine and still had to study education.
After more than 20 days of sailing, the cruise arrives in San Francisco. When international students take the train to Chicago, passing through Salt Lake City, in the eyes of international students, everywhere they go is a new piece, the house is new and tall, the road is wide and long, there is running water, electric lights, universities, etc. But 70 years ago, this was a desolate desert.
At this time, the young Chen Heqin believed this sentence: "Things are man-made, and the desert can become heaven!" ”
4
He studied in the United States and studied educational theories and methods
Studying in the United States can be divided into two stages,
The first phase was at Hopkins University
Study general subjects.
In his own words,
"I want to absorb any knowledge like a sponge"
The second phase is at Columbia University
Specializing in pedagogy and psychology,
Trained by famous teachers,
Delve into educational theory,
Learn research methods.
In October 1914, Chen Heqin entered Johns Hopkins University as a sophomore, becoming the first student admitted to the school from Tsinghua University and the first Chinese student to receive a bachelor's degree upon graduation.
Chen Heqin has a learning principle: "Everything must be known, and some things must be thoroughly known." For the knowledge and new things he does not understand, he will spare no effort to study, observe, and personally experiment and practice.
One summer, he attended a summer camp organized at Cornell University, and read three special subjects, one was milk, studying how to make cheese and cream, and analyzing and examining milk; one was ornithology, studying different species and habits of birds, and every morning he followed the ornithologist to the nearby woods to observe the life situation of birds; and the other was general psychology. During this period, he felt that his desire for knowledge was very high, and he had to study and learn everything.
Zheng Xiaocang commented on him: "I have always liked to do observation and experiment work, and I really have the spirit of a scientist. Later, Chen Heqin began to study "people", "he is suitable for doing that kind of research."
On the eve of graduation, Chen Heqin participated in the summer camp of Amherst University, and read three courses, one is horticulture, one is beekeeping, and the other is automobiles. These courses outside the classroom not only enrich students' experience and broaden their horizons, but more importantly, teach students ways and methods to acquire knowledge and seek truth.
Later, he returned to China and founded the Drum Tower Kindergarten, which planted many flowers and plants on the campus, which was directly related to the influence he received during his studies in the United States.
Columbia University Teachers College on West 120th Street in Manhattan, New York City
In the summer of 1917,
Chen Heqin, 25, graduated from Hopkins University.
Came to New York,
Entered Columbia University for post-secondary education.
He is at Columbia Normal College
The main courses of study include
Educational Psychology, Philosophy of Education,
Organization of secondary education, comparative study of school systems,
Psychology of Religion, Psychology of Thought,
Social institutions, special child psychology, etc.
Columbia Normal College was founded in 1912. This college represents the highest level of pedagogy and psychology in the world at the beginning of the 20th century, with a large number of well-known professors and authorities such as Dewey, Sandek, Keberd, Monroe, etc., and is known as the "cradle of cultivating educators" and "the new education center of the world". Before Chen Heqin went abroad, she longed to enter Columbia University for further study.
Dewey had retired when Chen joined the school, and his students, W. H. Kilpatrick (1871-1965), and Paul Monroe (1869-1947), were two of Chen's most respected mentors.
An advocate of the "design pedagogy" and the doctrine of "child-centred schools", Kberqu believed that the curriculum of children's learning should be determined primarily by the child; the child's nature was to like to learn knowledge that was related to his own interests, or to help him solve the difficulties he encountered.
He pointed out that "education must aim at a complete personality and an all-encompassing character", while "for a person to learn anything, he must first experience that thing", thus emphasizing the important role of experience in learning.
Teachers and students at Teachers College, Columbia University
(The first from the right in the second row is Chen Heqin)
Kleber's curriculum was distinctive, with students divided into a dozen groups and given a piece of paper printed with questions and reference books to answer. Students can go to the library in their spare time to read reference books, and then discuss and interact with each other in small groups.
During the class, Keberqu first asked questions, each group sent representatives to express their opinions, and allowed other groups to question or debate each other, until the parties had fully expressed their views, and then he commented and summarized.
Chen Heqin recalled: "If there is a mistake, he points out the error; if there is truth, he points out the truth and answers a question clearly." This teaching method is stimulant, and every student is willing to rack their brains and intestines to study problems, review problems, and debate problems. None of the two or three hundred students in his classroom could take a nap, none of them would peek into novels, none of them would not put up their ears and raise their spirits to participate in debates and contribute opinions! ”
Chen Heqin said that this "heuristic" and "participatory" teaching method is like the Western parliament and "debate meeting", which is completely different from the "injection" teaching method in traditional education in which Mr. Li speaks above and students listen below, which fully mobilizes students' enthusiasm for learning. It had a great impact on Chen Heqin's educational philosophy later.
During his study in the United States, Chen Heqin did two meaningful jobs, the first of which was to promote Chinese culture, and he was invited to teach Confucius to middle school students. The second job was that he actively participated in the activities of the Overseas Chinese Scouts and presided over a club that provided convenience for Chinese students. He had a credo: "Life is for the purpose of service." ”
Chen Heqin served as the commander of the New York Overseas Chinese Scout Army at summer camp (1917)
Among Chinese students,
Chen Heqin's enthusiasm and activity gradually made him famous,
Not only did his classmates like him, but even the parents of his classmates,
There are some local conservative overseas Chinese,
He was also infected by his enthusiasm.
He was elected President of the North American Christian Chinese Student Union.
Some girls expressed their admiration for him,
He hung a picture of his fiancée on the wall of his room.
Jokingly known as "shielding arrows".
In the summer of 1918, Chen Heqin obtained a master's degree in education, and then transferred to the Department of Psychology, where he studied under Professor Woodworth and began to collect materials and prepare his doctoral dissertation. At the beginning of the following year, his study tour period was about to expire, and his doctoral dissertation would take some time to complete.
Guo Bingwen, director of the Nanjing Higher Normal School, who was looking for teachers in various parts of the United States, sent him an invitation to return to China to teach, and promised to send him back to the United States to complete his doctorate in three years.
When the teacher and his friends advised him to stay and continue his studies, he said to himself: "I have never lost faith, and since I have just come out to do things, where can I not keep my promise?" ”
5
Returned to China to focus on child psychology research
Three months later,
He boarded a cruise ship back home.
However, he had just returned to Shanghai
Two unpleasant things happened.
One night, it was midnight,
He lives next door to the hotel room,
The sound of playing mahjong makes it impossible to sleep.
So he went to the tea house to express his dissatisfaction
It also asked whether it could be stopped.
The teahouse said with a straight face:
"Do you know what this place is?"
Chen Heqin replied, "It's a hotel!" ”
The teahouse looked at him with disdain,
"Yeah, it's a hostel!"
Then, skimming the corners of his mouth and turning away.
One day, he was riding on a tram.
There was a man next to him spitting everywhere.
Chen Heqin stepped forward and said:
"Your phlegm should be spit in a handkerchief!"
The other party replied viciously:
"I didn't spit on you!"
Chen Heqin said:
"You shouldn't spit on this public place."
The other party said indifferently:
"Since it is a public place, everyone can spit."
Chen Heqin shook his head helplessly, he thought in his heart: "Many people do not pay attention to public health is a deep-rooted inferiority. In China, everyone does not care about everyone's affairs, but in civilized countries, it is the opposite, because people know that I am one of everyone, and everyone's affairs are my affairs, how can I not take care of my own affairs? ”
When the dilapidated Nanjing cruise ship slowly sailed into the Huangpu River, he saw the same scene as when he left Shanghai five years ago, dark, depressed, poor and sick everywhere. The reality of domestic society struck Chen Heqin's heart hard, and he felt that he had suddenly become breathless.
He couldn't help but sigh: "If you want to catch up with this era, there is no doubt that you must have scientific culture and scientific ideas, so the importance of knowledge can be seen from this." "The idea of educating and saving the country is getting stronger and stronger.
The teachers of the "Nangao Division" education department take a group photo with the first-class graduates
(Front row left One Chen Heqin, Left Six Tao Xingzhi)
In the autumn of 1919, Chen Heqin entered the "Nangao Division"
Professor of Psychology,
He was elected as The Director of the Committee on Recreation and The Development of the School Emblem.
With Tao Xingzhi, Zheng Xiaocang, Liao Shicheng,
Lu Zhiwei, Yu Ziyi, Tu Yuqing and other professors
Jointly advocate new education and reform old education.
To sweep away the school twilight,
Establish a vibrant, dynamic school spirit,
The school has set up a number of committees,
Carry out a variety of campus activities,
Cultivate students' spirit of autonomy.
Chen Heqin presided over the group education test
In 1920, Nanjing Higher Normal School
The first psychology department in Chinese colleges and universities was established.
Chen Heqin and Liao Shicheng
The first test course was held in the "South High Division",
Apply psychological tests to admissions tests.
The quiz is divided into two categories,
One category is the intelligence test,
The other category is educational tests.
The purpose of the former is to test the differences in children's intellectual development,
The latter focuses on the ability to diagnose children in various disciplines.
Zhang Zonglin, a student of Chen Heqin, recorded the holding of the entrance examination that year:
"Ready! Pick up the pen, head up, eyes looking at me..."
"Do! Hurry up and do it..."
It was a hot afternoon at three o'clock, and on a vast meadow, there was a large reed mat shed, and in the shed sat twelve hundred and dozens of young people who had applied for the examination, each holding a pen in his right hand and a scroll in his left hand, and his eyes were all over a young professor on the podium. The whole audience was silent until there was no sound of paper fans, only to hear the young professor, explaining the test questions and issuing orders:
A young professor, explaining the test questions and issuing orders:
"China is a democratic republic, this sentence is correct, then add a "+" sign in parentheses. The Earth is a moon satellite, this sentence is wrong, then add the "-" sign in parentheses. ...... Do you know how to do it? ...... Then listen to my command, and do not cheat: Prepare - do - do fast! ......”
The young people in the audience immediately did as fast as he commanded, and at this time, the whole audience only heard the sound of pencils rubbing the paper, which was crisper and louder than the sound of thousands of silkworms eating mulberry leaves in a large sesseric room.
After about five minutes, the young professor standing on the podium suddenly issued another order:
"Stop! The pen was lowered and the roll buckled up. Listen to my explanation again..."
After explaining the second question, the young professor issued an order:
"Ready—do!" The young people in the audience rushed to do it according to his explanation, and after another five minutes, the young professor issued another "Stop! Then the third question began, and after some explanation, he issued the phrase "Prepare- Do!" The whole audience did what was ordered. This was done for two hours, five kinds of test questions were done, the assistant examiner collected the test papers, and the young people in the audience appeared from several exits in turn.
This is a lesson in the intelligence test held by Nanjing Higher Normal University and Southeast University twenty years ago, and it is the latest and most intense lesson in all examinations.
For such a novel exam subject, each candidate also left the deepest impression on the young professor.
"White and ruddy face, short flat-topped hair, short and strong figure, brisk and lively behavior, can not shout loudly, cut to the point of the tone, although the attitude is very serious, but do not feel terrible, there is no moral reticence and contrivance ..."
This young professor was Mr. Chen Heqin, the provost of "Nangao" and "Dongda" at that time.
With the assistance of his wife, he made his son the object of observation and experimentation
At 2:09 a.m. on December 26 of the same year,
Chen Heqin's eldest son was born in Nanjing,
About 2 seconds later, the baby cried loudly,
It lasted about 10 minutes,
The baby's cries became intermittent and gradually stopped.
Looking at his "masterpiece",
Chen Heqin, who became a new father, did not have time to get excited,
He took the camera,
The camera is shot at the infant who is already asleep
Take pictures continuously,
Then with a fountain pen,
Record it in the notebook,
Every reaction after the baby is born.
He said in his records that when his son's crying stopped, he was about tired and began to yawn several times in a row. He gently reached out and touched his son's body. Here are some of his records:
……
(7) Slap his face with your hand, and his frown muscles will shrink.
(8) Touch his upper lip with your fingers, and the upper lip will move.
(9) Sneeze twice.
(10) When the eyes are closed, shine a light on him, and his eyelids can be wrinkled.
(11) The legs are bent inwards like a bow.
(12) The skull is very soft, the skin is red, and the limbs are active.
(13) This day, apart from crying, is all sleep.
By the eighth day, the little boy named Yiming was already smiling at people. After the evening feeding, he first closed his eyes and then opened them. While he was asleep, the little boy's face showed smiles, cries, frowns, wrinkled lips and other expressions. Although it was a harsh winter and the window was withered, Chen Heqin's heart was full of spring light and happiness.
He knows that the work he has to do has no precedent in China, and he wants to bring his "masterpiece" to realize his ambitions and ideals.
In the three years after Yiming's birth, Chen Heqin made 808 days of continuous observations, recorded in detail with text and photos. He compared and studied the physiological and psychological characteristics of Yiming through expressions, movements and other reactions in various occasions and environments. His observations and experiments were both attentive and interesting.
The text and photographic records he made summarized the characteristics of children's movements, curiosity, imitation, play, speech ability, memory, imagination and knowledge, ability and thinking development, as a first-hand information, and became an important evidence for his future research and exposition on children's psychology, children's education, children's games and toys, moral education, family education, etc.
In China, Chen Heqin was the first educator to apply observational experimental methods to the study of children's physical and mental development.
Educator Yu Ziyi described Chen Heqin this way: "He specializes in children's psychology, he not only studies on the desk, discusses on the sofa, he wants to experiment, everything has to be tested." ”
6
Started Chinese your own kindergarten
Drum Tower Kindergarten
Before Chen Heqin opened the Drum Tower Kindergarten,
Most kindergartens in China are run by foreign missionaries;
A small number of kindergartens Chinese
Most of them adopt the European model of education,
It is highly religious, rigid and does not want to improve.
Children could not stand up when they heard the Chinese national anthem, but clapped their hands in congratulations after the battle song of Japan's victory over China was played. In some kindergartens and primary schools, there is no holiday on traditional Chinese holidays, and students can only celebrate Christmas. There is also a school with a small flag hanging above the chalkboard with the words "God loves us" next to it. The teacher gave a lecture, although he first talked about the flag of the Republic of China, but passed by; then he gave a big lecture about God, and then he asked the students to sing hymns.
The three major diseases of early childhood education in China are "foreign diseases", "spending money diseases" and "rich and noble diseases". In 1924, the second issue of the eighth volume of the "New Education" magazine published Chen Heqin's article "The Ills of Infantile Education Today", which lamented the closed, stagnant and backward status quo of kindergarten education in China, and loudly called for the elimination of abuses and the implementation of reform.
"Why do we run kindergartens?" To what extent do we educate children? What skills and what habits should children develop? What knowledge and what attitudes children should learn? "If these issues are not clearly defined, kindergartens will not be effective and children will not progress."
Group photo of some directors and their wives of Drum Tower Kindergarten
In the fall of 1923,
Chen Heqin at No. 25, Toutiao Lane, Gulou, Nanjing,
The living room of the new house you built yourself,
A family kindergarten was opened and he was personally the head of the kindergarten.
Initially enrolled 12 young children,
Mainly "UTokyo" Professor Lu Zhiwei,
Children of Xu Yangqiu and Chen Heqin,
and two Japanese children.
In the preparatory process,
Chen Heqin from equipment, teaching aids to teaching materials, teaching methods,
are well designed and researched,
Almost to the point of forgetting to eat and sleep.
After more than a year, the number of children in the park gradually increased,
The garden house needs to be expanded,
He began to run around again,
Hope to get the support of friends and society.
He invited Tu Yuqing, Lu Zhiwei, Dong Renjian, Liu Chongben, Zhang Zigao and Gan Mengdan and other friends to form a board of directors, launched a fundraising to build a garden, purchased five acres of land near his own house, and in addition to building a garden house, he also used the vacant land to open a playground, a small garden, a small vegetable field, and a small zoo.
Horses and boats are loved by children
He was personally involved in the design,
Lay out the garden, plant lawns, flowers,
Holly trees are planted around.
Sports equipment has also been added to the park,
Such as swings, rocking boats, rocking horses,
Large and small building blocks, sand tables, etc.,
I also customized desks and chairs.
Drum Tower Kindergarten School Building
In the autumn of 1925,
Drum Tower Kindergarten New Kindergarten was completed,
Named Southeast University Education Department Experimental Kindergarten,
At the same time, it has received support from the China Education Improvement Society.
This is the first one in our country,
An experimental kindergarten run by Chinese himself.
Chen Heqin once said: "Our early childhood education is to plant wheat in the fields, so that children in urban and rural areas across the country can receive scientific enlightenment education." But you know that wheat seeds are needed to grow wheat in the field, where does this wheat seed come from? Of course, you can also buy from foreign countries, but can the wheat seeds bought from foreign countries adapt to China's soil and climate? I set up the Drum Tower Kindergarten for the purpose of providing Chinese wheat seeds for Datian. ”
7
Children's educational philosophy and teaching methods
Chen Heqin's writings
Chen Heqin believes that:
"Human movements are probably cultivated by the day after tomorrow,
Human knowledge is entirely dependent on acquired learning."
Therefore, childhood is malleable,
"A person's childhood is really an important period of preparation for adaptation to the environment."
In Chen Heqin's view, the traditional Chinese concept of education treats children as appendages of adults, and every move must be disciplined and constrained by adults; in the sound of Lang Lang's reading, it intentionally or unintentionally erases children's "playful" nature, and can only cultivate many "little people" wearing long shirts.
Chen Heqin wrote in "Child Psychology and Methods of Educating Children":
1. Children are not "villains", children's psychology is different from the psychology of adults, children's period is not only as a preparation for adults, but also has his own value, we should respect children's personality, love their rotten truth.
2. The child is active in nature, and we must not still use negative old laws to deprive him of his lively nature, but must be given a suitable environment that will enable him to fully develop.
3. We should also use the child's curiosity in our education. Curiosity is the gateway to knowledge, and we should guide it. Some of our parents often destroy this curiosity and forbid children to "talk too much" and "rap", which is really hateful.
4. Play is the life of children, games have various educational values, we are more suitable to use, but we must also understand that this game changes with age.
Children are cutting paper and stringing beads
Physically,
To train children to develop a variety of habits to achieve a strong physique,
These include healthy physique, hygienic habits, and athletic skills.
He was not in favor of preventing children from going out to play,
Make children look like "half-cut" puppets
Traditional Chinese concept of family education.
Environmental impacts are essential for children's growth and physical and mental health.
In Chen Heqin's view, children should have a good environment.
He believes: "Children are probably born good.
Later, it's either good or bad,
This is the relationship of the environment.
If the environment is good, children will be easy to get better,
If the environment is bad, children are prone to bad. ”
In terms of moral education,
He advocated that children should cultivate a spirit of cooperation from an early age.
The spirit of compassion and service,
Chen Heqin proposed,
Children should be trained to have a loving spirit.
"When I was a child, if I had the spirit of a lover,
Only in the future will we be able to love society and love the country."
He emphasized: "The child is not an appendage of his parents, but the future master of the country." Children teach well, not only parents get happiness, but the country can also get talents. ”
In addition, he has done a lot of in-depth research on children's drawings, music, games, reading methods, stories, and kindergarten equipment.
When choosing children's books or teaching materials,
Chen Heqin advocated that it should be in line with children's psychology,
The preparation method strives to be novel, and the emphasis is on both text and picture.
In his view, the choice of textbook content should take into account the needs of society according to the psychology of children, rather than, on the contrary, only focusing on the needs of society and ignoring the psychology of children.
In response to some people's suggestions that the "bird talk and animal language" view should be broken, he believes that the so-called "bird talk" books are the most favorite and favorite things for children under the age of seven, and adults have no right to deprive children of what they need; at the same time, adults should make up more stories and books of various scientists to enrich children's experience and arouse children's interest.
If we want to teach primary school students to appreciate the connotation and spirit of the scriptures, we must first select and transform the content and text of the scriptures. Many of the scriptures are difficult to understand, and the content is biased towards the narrative reasoning of political morality, which is not easy for children to understand. Only by adapting the content of the scriptures into modern children's books or dramas that conform to children's psychology and receptivity, understanding them is simple and interesting, teaching children to read, and teaching children to perform, can it be possible to arouse their interest, so that children can understand and understand, and truly achieve advantages and disadvantages.
Since 1921, Chen Heqin has successively published articles such as "Child Psychology and Methods of Educating Children", "Children's Inquisition and Education", "Research on My Fear of Children", "Methods of Studying Children's Knowledge", "Suggestions of Children" and other academic journals such as "New Education", "Education Journal", "Psychology" and other academic journals.
In 1924, he compiled his observations and records of Yiming's growth process into the Outline of Children's Studies, which was used as a lecture on child psychology at Southeast University and Jiangsu Provincial First Girls' Normal School.
In 1925, his monograph "Research on Child Psychology" (part I and II, one of the "University Series") was printed by the Commercial Press, in which Chen Heqin used photography to record the physiological reactions and movements of newborn babies, and together with the text, systematically studied the growth rules of children.
In the same year, the sister article "Family Education" of "Research on Children's Psychology" was published for the first time, and it was reprinted more than a dozen times in more than 80 years, during which Chen Heqin's articles and lectures such as "How to Be a Parent" and "How to Teach Children" published by Chen Heqin in the 1930s and 1940s were included and supplemented, and have been printed in hundreds of thousands of copies so far, which have been widely welcomed by readers from all walks of life and have become classics in the history of modern Education in China. Mr. Tao Xingzhi praised this book as "the most valuable work in the published education monographs in China in recent times."
In 1927, Chen Heqin and Zhang Zonglin jointly published the article "Our Propositions", in which 15 propositions clearly put forward the path of nationalization and scientificization of Chinese kindergarten education, which was evaluated as a programmatic document for modern children's education in China.
Founded in the early 1940s, the doctrine of "living education"
It is the crystallization and sublimation of Chen Heqin's educational thought.
"Living Education" emphasizes the goals of education
"Be a man, be a Chinese, be a modern Chinese";
Advocating for the drawing of nutrients from the natural and social environment;
Emphasis on practice,
Advocate "learning by doing, teaching by doing, and seeking progress in doing".
"Living education" is reflected
Scientific, practical and systematic characteristics,
Thus injecting new vitality into education.
In the view of "new education", traditional education pays attention to the transmission of knowledge and takes teachers as the center, while "living education" pays attention to the existence and value of "people", cultivates children's ability to adapt to the environment, control the environment, and use the environment, and emphasizes the importance of "being a person, being a Chinese, and being a modern Chinese" to promote social progress.
At the same time, China needs to establish a scientific and popular educational theory system that suits its national conditions, including clear educational goals, a scientific curriculum system and learning methods.
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As an important tool for building the country's cultural soft power, education has always attracted the attention of people from all walks of life, and the current situation of children's education is not optimistic. At the two sessions, the proposal to include preschool education in compulsory education has also aroused extensive discussion, and running preschool education well has a bearing on the healthy growth of tens of millions of children, on the vital interests of thousands of households, and on the future of the country and the nation. Guo Xuejun believes that "no matter how hard you are, you can't be poor in education", and it is imperative to enhance the country's soft power by establishing a systematic and standardized preschool education system, cultivating children's good behavior habits, and shaping children's excellent personality qualities.
The image comes from the Internet, and the text is edited by Guo Xuejun