Northern Song Dynasty prodigy Yan Shu: 14-year-old Zhi Tongjinshi, 51-year-old official residence prime minister, famous for his words in the literary world! Father and son two prodigies, the name of the word crowns the world, one power to the opposition, one drunk lying in the flower bush!
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If there is a "list of winners in life" in the literary circles of the Song Dynasty, the first name on the list will be Yan Shu, who was born at the age of 14.
Yan Shu (晏殊), also known as "Da Yan" and "Xiao Yan" (小晏) with his seventh son Yan Dao (晏妀), was also known as "Yan Ou" (晏欧) with Ouyang Xiu, and was later honored as "the first ancestor of the Northern Song Dynasty".
Speaking of Yan Shu's words, people will surely think of many of his masterpieces, such as:
"Huan Xi Sha · A New Word Wine Glass"
A new song for a glass of wine, last year's weather old pavilion. When does the sun set?
Helpless flowers fell, and déjà vu returned. The small garden incense path wanders alone.
"Broken Line: When the Swallow Comes to the New Society"
When the swallow came to the new society, the pear blossom lagged behind Qingming. There are three or four points of green moss on the pool, and one or two sounds of yellow orioles at the bottom of the leaves. Day long fly light.
Qiao xiao dong neighbor female companion, picking mulberry trail to meet. Doubt last night spring dream good, yuan is this dynasty to fight grass to win. Laughter is born from both faces.
"Butterfly Love Flower, Threshold Chrysanthemum SorrowFul Orchid Weeping Dew"
The sills are sad and the smoke orchid is weeping, the curtain is light and cold, and the swallows are flying away. Mingyue did not know how to leave hatred and bitterness, and the slanted light reached Xiao to wear Zhu Hu.
Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I went up to the tall building alone, looking at the end of the world. Want to send a color note and a ruler, where do you know the mountains and rivers?
Among them, "helpless flowers fall, déjà vu swallow returns", "three or four points of green moss on the pool, one or two sounds of yellow orioles at the bottom of the leaves", "last night the west wind withered the green trees, alone on the tall buildings, looking at the end of the world" and other good sentences, are widely circulated.
Yan Shu's articles are rich in content and gorgeous in rhetoric, "for the world"; he also created tens of thousands of poems that are "leisurely and affectionate", and his poems have leisurely meanings and amorous thoughts. The "Dongdu Chronicle" says that Yan Shu has 240 volumes of anthologies, 94 volumes of the "Zhongxing Bibliography", and 30 volumes of the "Linchuan Collection" in the "Literature Tongkao". Yan Shu wrote more than 10,000 words in his lifetime, most of which have been lost, and only 136 "Pearl and Jade Words" remain.
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Unlike other literati, Yan Shu's achievements are not limited to literature, but also lie in his talents and deeds.
Yan Shu was born into a family of eunuchs, and his ancestors had great achievements: his grandfather Yan Yong was a jinshi of Tang Yizong Xiantong in the tenth year (869), and the official final jiangnan and western provinces observed the court; his great-grandfather Yan Yanchang was given the Kaifu Yi Tongsan Division, Taishi, Zhongshu Ling and Shangshu Ling; his grandfather Yan Gao was given the Kaifu Yi Tongsan Division, Taishi, Zhongshu Ling and Shangshu Ling, and the Duke of England; his father Yan Gu was given the Kaifu Yi Tongsan Division, Taishi, Zhongshu Ling and Shangshu Ling, and the Duke of Qin.
Born in such a family, Yan Shu is deeply educated, coupled with being smart and studious from an early age, he can write at the age of 7 and is known as a "prodigy". After Jiangnan heard about Yan Shu's reputation, he recommended the 13-year-old Yan Shu to the imperial court as a prodigy. The following year, when Yan Shu participated in the temple examination, he was rewarded by Emperor Zhenzong of Song, gave him the title of Jinshi, was appointed secretary orthographer, and a year later was transferred to the Post of Fenglilang of Taichang Temple. The counterattack of the prodigy caused a sensation in the government and the opposition.
When Yan Shu first entered the dynasty, on the occasion of Chengping, there was nothing to do in the world, and the imperial court allowed hundreds of officials to choose a place to feast and drink. To this end, the scholars and doctors frequently went to the taverns of the major city buildings to drink and party, but Yan Shu did not go out to play and drink, but at home to teach poetry books with his brothers.
After learning about this situation, Song Zhenzong, who was worried about benefiting his son King Shengwang Zhao, could not find a good teacher, thought that a prudent and loyal person like Yan Shu could teach King Sheng to read. In the second year of the Tianxi Dynasty (1018), the 27-year-old Yan Shu was elected to join the army as the secretary of the Shengwang Palace, and then moved to Zuo Zhengyan and Zhishiguan.
After Yan Shu took office, he had the opportunity to face the saint, and Song Zhenzong informed him in person the reason for his appointment. After Yan Shu heard the reason, he told Song Zhenzong truthfully: "As a courtier, it is not that I do not like to have fun and feast, but my family is poor and has no money to go out to play." If the minister has money, he will also go to the banquet, but because he has no money, he can't go out. ”
As mentioned above, Yan Shu was born in a family of officials and eunuchs, in fact, except for his grandfather who was serious and had official experience, everyone else was posthumously awarded the honorary title after he became the prime minister. His grandfather, Yan Gao, was an ordinary servant who worked as a clerk in Fuzhou (福州州, in modern Fuzhou, Jiangxi). Therefore, when Yan Shu first entered the official field, his family life was still very poor.
After Song Zhenzong learned the truth, he not only did not blame Yan Shu, but also appreciated his honesty even more, so he became more and more favored. In September of the second year of the Tianxi Dynasty (1018), Zhao Hui, the Prince of Sheng, was made crown prince and changed his name to Zhao Zhen, and Yan Shu was also promoted to the rank of foreign minister of the household, and he was also the crown prince, and gave Jin Zi... Since then, it has been reused and promoted repeatedly.
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After the death of Emperor Zhenzong of Song, Zhao Zhen took the throne, that is, Emperor Renzong of Song. Emperor Renzong was a young heir to the throne, and his mother-in-law, Empress Liu, was in charge. The chancellor Ding Zhi and the privy councillor Cao Yu wanted to monopolize power, and the courtiers talked about it a lot, and Yan Shu put forward the suggestion of "hanging the curtain and listening to the government", which brought the matter to an end. Afterwards, he was promoted to the rank of Right Counselor and Hanlin Attendant, and Empress Liu thought that he was an old vassal of Emperor Renzong when he was in the Eastern Palace, so she added grace. Subsequently, Yan Shu participated in the compilation and revision of the Records of Zhenzong, and taught Yi to Emperor Renzong at the Chongzheng Hall, and was promoted to the position of Ceremonial Attendant, Zhi Inquisition, and Suburban Ceremonial Envoy, and then transferred to the Privy Councillor deputy envoy of Zheng Erpin and became a major courtier in the court.
However, this harmony was not maintained to the end, and Yan Shu offended Empress Liu because of his outspokenness. As a result, in the fifth year of Tiansheng (1027), he degraded Xuanzhou as a servant of the Punishment Department, and a few months later changed to Ying Tianfu. When he was a magistrate, he ran a large school to cultivate talents.
After Emperor Renzong of Song took the throne, Yan Shu was more favored, and eventually the official Ji Jixian Dian scholar, Tongping Zhangshi and Privy Counsellor became the prime minister.
After the outbreak of the Song and Xia Wars, Yan Shushi, as a tongping zhangshi and privy councillor, suggested that Emperor Renzong dismiss the supervising army and not give the generals a battle map so that they could adapt to the enemy at random; he also suggested rectifying the financial endowment system. These suggestions were adopted by Emperor Renzong of Song.
Yan Shu was also happy to reward talents, and the world-famous scholars Fan Zhongyan, Kong Daofu, Wang Anshi, etc. all came from his disciples; Han Qi, Ouyang Xiu, etc. were all cultivated and recommended by him, and they were all reused. He was also able to recognize Fu Bi (two times xiang, one of the twenty-four meritorious servants of the Zhaoxun Pavilion) and Yang Cha (Jing You's first year list eye, the official residence in charge of the national Qiangu cashier, balanced fiscal revenue and expenditure, known as the "counting minister") in Han Su, and married his daughter to them. When Yan Shu was in power, Fan Zhongyan, Han Qi, and Fu Bi were all heavily used, and they were sometimes called "as for the Taige, there is more than one time sage".
During his tenure as chancellor, together with The Privy Councillor Fan Zhongyan, he advocated state and county studies and reform of teaching content, and the establishment of professors in official studies. Since then, all the beijing divisions to the counties have set up official schools. This is the famous "Celebration of the Calendar".
In the second year of Hehe (1055), Yan Shu died of illness in Kaifeng at the age of sixty-five. He was awarded the title of Sikong and Waiter, with the courtesy name "Yuan Xian". Although Emperor Renzong of Song personally went to pay his respects, he still regretted that he had not been able to visit him when he was sick, especially for him to quit the dynasty for two days; the official was given the title of Sikong and Waiter, and the title of "Yuan Xian" was given, and the first seal of the Yanshu inscription was written with the four words "Monument of Old Learning".
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Yan Shu was also a prolific father, with a total of eight sons and six daughters, of which the most talented was the seventh son, Yan Dao.
Yan Jidao, the word Shuyuan, the number of Xiaoshan, when he was born, his father Yan Shu was 47 years old, which is considered to be an old son. Yan Jidao was brilliant since childhood, inherited his father's excellent literary talent, could write articles at the age of 7, took the imperial examination at the age of 14, and returned with the status of a jinshi. His six elder brothers have entered the career path, and Yan Jidao has lived a life of a free and easy man.
After Yan Shu's death, Yan Shu's life of several spring breezes was also over, and he immediately felt the frost sword and snow sword of the real society. He and his sixth brother Qi de, the eighth brother Chuanzheng and the four sisters were still young, and later they were "raised and protected" by the second brother Chengyu's wife Zhang Shi and married into a family. Later, Enyin became the Taizhu of Taichang Temple, and later served as the supervisor of Xutian Town in Yingchang Province, the judge of Qianning Army, and the judge of Kaifeng Province.
Unexpectedly, Yan Dao, but broke a new path in poetry creation. His style of words is similar to that of his father, and his small order is clear in language and deep in feelings, which is particularly prestigious. Express emotional outrage. Write more about love life, is an important writer of the euphemism.
At the beginning of the reign of Emperor Zhezong of Song, the names of Yan's words were widely known in the Capital Division, and Su Shi had asked Huang Tingjian to convey his intention of getting acquainted, but he replied: "Half of my family's old guests in the present government affairs hall have not had time to see him." "The tone is quite arrogant.
In the first year of Daguan (1107), Cai Jing, the adulterous minister of power, sent people several times to ask Yan to write a few words on the day of the ninth and winter solstices. In desperation, Yan Jidao wrote two poems "Partridge Heaven", "Nine days of sad autumn is not in the heart, Fengcheng song pipe has a new sound" "Xiao Ri greets the elderly and the same, taiping drum song bell", and there is not a word about Cai Jing. The opportunity to slap a high-ranking official in the ass for a promotion passed.
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Yan a few words are nostalgic for the past, lyrical sorrow, the tone is full of sentimentality, the sadness is deep and sincere, the scene is integrated, the language is beautiful, the beauty is beautiful, the breath is beautiful, the vomit is natural, and it can shake people's hearts. Like what:
"Linjiang Immortal"
After the dream, the platform is locked high, and the curtain hangs low. Last spring when the hate came. The falling flower people are independent, and the micro swifts fly twice.
I remember the first sight of Xiao Ping, two heavy heart words Luo Yi. The lute strings say acacia. At that time, the bright moon was there, and the clouds had returned.
Partridge Sky
"Nguyen Lang Gui"
These are the famous passages that have been recited throughout history, and through several vivid and touching pictures, they express the sorrow of parting, the pain of lovesickness and the joy of reunion, the sincerity of love, and the nine-curved ileum. Among them, the new words and beautiful sentences are deeply appreciated by the commentators. For example, "The Fallen Flower Man is Independent, and the Micro Swift Double Flies" ("Linjiang Immortal"), the "Futang Words" praise it as the "famous sentence" of "The Eternal Cannot Have Two"; "Dancing Low Willow Lou Xinyue, Singing the Peach Blossom Fan Bottom Wind" ("Partridge Heaven"), "The Tale of the Fishing Hidden Bushes in the Fishing Forest" commented on it as "the words are graceful"; as for "The Dream Soul is used to being uninspected, and stepping on the Yang Flower across the Xie Bridge" ("Partridge Heaven"), even the theorist Cheng Yi, who thinks that "the composition is harmful", has to laugh and say: "Ghost language!" ”
In the fourth year (1110) of Emperor Huizong of Song, Yan Jidao, who was too old to be old, died peacefully. He is gone, but the "Little Mountain Words", which condensed his life's work, has been circulated for thousands of years, and it has been long and new.
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Yan Shu, Yan Jidao father and son, with their brilliant artistic achievements, created a precedent for "Huajian Words", laid the foundation for the style of words of the Gentle School, and were called "Eryan" by literary historians, and were famous father and son writers in Chinese history for thousands of years.
Although the lives of the father and son were very different, the style of word composition was different: Yan Shuguan was the prime minister, zhi was satisfied, and the style of words was graceful and elegant; Yan Jidao officials were humble, poor and depressed, and the style of words was sad and miserable. Whether it is the world or the drunken flowers, in the end, they can leave their names in history and gain the value of life.
(Image from the Internet)