In the information age, the scope of knowledge dissemination and everyone's insight are also becoming more and more extensive. Regarding the statement of high blood lipids, I believe that many friends are familiar with things, but what is blood lipids? And the increase in blood lipids, why will it hurt our health, the "so of course", perhaps not every friend understands. Today, we will use this topic to talk to you about blood lipids.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > a full introduction to the lipid family</h1>
What are lipids? Serum cholesterol, triglycerides and lipid components, can be called blood lipids, but generally speaking, lipid substances in the blood can not exist alone, our blood has hydrophilic lipophilic properties of lipoproteins, lipoproteins lipophilic end and cholesterol, triglycerides and other lipids combined, and the hydrophilic end can be dissolved in the serum with water as the main matrix, therefore, blood lipids want to dissolve evenly in the blood, relying on this key substance - "lipoprotein".
Why is it said that the lipid family? Because the lipoprotein in the blood lipid is not a single one, but divided into many kinds, generally speaking, the protein in the lipoprotein is heavier, and the lipid component is lighter, therefore, if the protein content is higher, the lower the lipid content, the smaller its density, and vice versa, the lower the density, according to different density conditions, lipoproteins carrying lipids are divided into 5 categories -
1. Chylomycelium protein: Chyloin is the least dense lipoprotein, mainly derived from the fat in external food, the largest particles, the smallest density, usually milky white, if the centrifuged blood is standing, if the upper layer of if a layer of white "cheese", this layer of substance is chyloin. Chylomycin is the initial form of exogenous lipid metabolism, of which triglycerides account for more than 90%, but when maintained on an fasting stomach for more than 12 hours, chyloin protein will be fully converted, therefore, the triglyceride levels in our fasting lipid test generally do not contain chyloin protein.
2. Very low-density lipoprotein: Very low-density lipoprotein is mainly synthesized by the liver, and its main component is still triglycerides. Particles are smaller than chyloin and denser than chyloin. The triglyceride value in our lipid examination index is mainly characterized by the level of this lipoprotein and its residues, when this value is high, especially when it exceeds 3.3mmol/L, the plasma that should be clear will show milk.
3. Medium-density lipoprotein: Medium-density lipoprotein is an intermediate product of the conversion of very low-density lipoprotein to low-density lipoprotein, which already contains a certain amount of cholesterol, usually because it will be converted quickly, so the level of medium-density lipoprotein in the blood is extremely low.
4. LDL: LDL is one of the most important indicators in the blood lipid index. LDL contains the most cholesterol and is one of the main indicators of human lipids, in general, the content of cholesterol in LDL accounts for more than 60% of total lipid cholesterol. LDL is responsible for transporting cholesterol in our blood to feed the body's cells, but elevated LDL is also the most important risk factor for atherosclerosis.
5. HDL: HDL has the highest density and is mainly synthesized by the liver, HDL is often considered to be a "good lipoprotein" that can transport excess lipoproteins on the walls of blood vessels, and is also a lipoprotein that is beneficial to cardiovascular health, so if the value of HDL is low, it is often considered a risk factor for atherosclerosis.
6. Lipoprotein a: Lipoprotein A is a type of lipoprotein form different from the above lipoprotein, its structure is similar to low-density lipoprotein, modern research proves that lipoprotein A is elevated, but also one of the risk factors leading to atherosclerosis.
What is the harm of high blood lipids < h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >? </h1>
When the blood lipid levels of our body are at normal levels, the various lipoproteins in our blood maintain dynamic circulatory metabolism, and at the same time transport cholesterol through lipoproteins to provide necessary lipid nutrients for cell metabolism, but when the relevant indicators of blood lipids are abnormal, the problem of abnormal blood lipids may cause health hazards to our body.
Lipid problems are usually characterized by elevated total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, so we usually call it "hyperlipidemia", but in fact, hyperlipidemia in a broad sense also includes the problem of low HDL cholesterol, so it is more accurate to refer to various problems with blood lipids as "dyslipidemia".
What are the dangers of high blood lipids, we combine each indicator to talk about it separately.
First, the increase in triglycerides, as we introduced earlier, in the blood lipid test, the increase in triglyceride values represents the level of LDL and its residues, the primary intermediate products of blood lipid metabolism. Its health hazards to the body are mainly in two aspects, one is the effect on atherosclerosis. The level of very low-density lipoprotein in the body increases, and its structure changes, forming a β type of very low-density lipoprotein, which has a high cholesterol content and can form deposits on the walls of blood vessels without oxidative modification, thus causing atherosclerosis. The second harm of high triglycerides is the harm of increasing blood viscosity, which not only slows down the blood flow rate, strengthens the deposition of blood lipids in the blood vessel wall, increases severe triglycerides, and blocks the pancreatic capillaries, causing the risk of acute pancreatitis, which deserves special attention.
Second, elevations in total cholesterol and LDL. The rise of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol is often accompanied by each other, and the reason is naturally self-evident, because the main carrier of cholesterol in the blood is LDL. Elevated LDL is the primary risk factor for atherosclerosis and the primary factor in assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease, so it deserves our attention.
LDL cholesterol is higher than normal levels, the body can not be normal metabolic utilization, excess cholesterol is easy to form an impact on the blood vessel wall, and easy to form deposits under the blood vessel wall, these deposited lipids, if not transported in time, the body's phagocytes will engulf it, while forming oxidation modification in the process, the oxidized LDL cholesterol is called a foamy lipid, these bubbles continue to fuse, and eventually form atherosclerotic lipid core, This is how atherosclerosis is formed, so too high LDL cholesterol plays a very important role in this process. Therefore, whether it is to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease, or to regulate blood lipid levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, LDL cholesterol is currently the primary target indicator and should be paid attention to.
Third, HDL is low. The low level of HDL indicates that the body's ability to transport excess "junk" lipids is insufficient, so it is also regarded as a risk indicator of cardiovascular disease. In assessing cardiovascular disease risk, current studies generally include total cholesterol minus the numerical (non-HDL cholesterol) levels of HDL cholesterol as the second target for cardiovascular risk assessment and control.
Fourth, lipoprotein A is high, as we mentioned earlier, lipoprotein A is similar to the structure of low-density lipoprotein, and the high lipoprotein A is also a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, it should be understood that the elevation of lipoprotein a is usually related to personal constitution and genetic factors, and is less affected by the external environment and drugs, so if the problem of high lipoprotein a is found, do not dwell on this value, and control other blood lipid indicators, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, is more important.
In short, the harm of hyperlipidemia is multifaceted, do not rely on feeling to decide whether to control hyperlipidemia, but should be combined with their own lipids, as well as other aspects of the body's health, such as hypertension, diabetes, etc., and the impact of some adverse life factors, such as smoking, obesity, etc., to comprehensively assess the risk of cardiovascular disease caused by dyslipidemia, combined with the risk situation, establish the specific goal of lipid regulation, actively control the elevated blood lipids, and pay attention to healthy diet in life. Strengthen exercise, quit smoking and limit alcohol, etc., if necessary, but also take drugs to strengthen the control of blood lipids, only long-term blood lipids to maintain a healthy and stable range, in order to better reduce the health hazards caused by high blood lipids.