Like the year of water flow - the five generations and ten kingdoms of China

　　The Five Dynasties (907-960) refers to the Five Dynasties of Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Zhou established successively in the Central Plains; the Ten Kingdoms (902-979) refers to the ten relatively small separatist regimes that existed almost simultaneously with the Five Dynasties.　　The Ten Kingdoms included the southern states of Wu, Southern Tang, Wuyue, Min, Southern Han, Former Shu, Later Shu, Chu, and Nanping, and the remnants of the Later Han Dynasty in the north, the Northern Han Dynasty.

Rear beam (907-923)

　 The Later Liang regime lasted for three emperors, seventeen years before and after. In order to distinguish it from the Southern Liang during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it is also called Zhu Liang.

Liang Taizu Zhu Wen (907-912), who reigned for six years, was one of the notorious emperors in Chinese history, and his indiscriminate killing and absurdity were rare in history.

　　After Zhu Wen established a new dynasty, all localities bowed to him, but Wang Jian of Jiannan, Yang Wo of Huainan, Li Keyong of Northern Jin, Li Maozhen of Longxi, and Liu Rengong of Liaodong all regarded Hou Liang as orthodox and continued to use the Tang "Tianyou" era name, of which Li Keyong, Li Cunxun and Zhu Wen were even more inseparable.

　　In June of the first year of Kaiping (907), Zhu Wen sent an army to attack Luzhou, which Li Keyong occupied, and the two sides fought a major battle. Zhu Wenzhi's army was extremely harsh, and before he claimed the emperor, he set a military law: if the colonel died in battle, all the soldiers and soldiers of his unit would also be beheaded, which was called "beheading of the trekking team". Therefore, Zhu Wen's army was extremely strong.

　　Yelü Abaoji saw that Zhu Wen was powerful, and also sent someone to congratulate Zhu Wen and ask for canonization, and When Li Keyong heard the news, he was naturally so angry that he wanted to vomit blood.

　　On September 25 of the same year, Wang Jian took the throne in Chengdu, that is, the emperor," and the state name was Dashu, which was known in history as Former Shu.

In the same year, Zhu Wen sent Li Si'an to attack Youzhou, and after Liu Rengong's son Liu Shouguang repelled the enemy army, he declared himself an envoy of Jiedu and imprisoned his father Liu Rengong and seized power.

　　In January of the second year of Kaiping (908), Li Keyong died of illness and was succeeded by his son Li Cunxun. Before dying, Li Ke handed Li Cunxun three arrows and left his last words: "One arrow to please Liu Rengong, Ru did not go down to Youzhou first, Henan did not have to try to also; one arrow attacked the Khitans, Abaoji and I allied with each other, became brothers, vowed to restore the Tang family and social ji, now betray the covenant to attach thieves, Ru will cut it; one arrow will destroy Zhu Wen, Ru can become my ambition, and die without regrets!" ”

　　Li Cunxun, assisted by Li Kening and Zhang Chengye, eventually won the Battle of Luzhou. When Zhu Wen received the battle report, he couldn't help but sigh: "When you have a son, you should be like Li Yazi, and Li Keyong is still alive although he is dead." My sons were like pigs and dogs compared to him. Since then, the two sides have been fighting continuously.

In this year, Huainan Jiedu, who appointed Tang as Zhengshuo, had Yang Wo killed by his subordinate Zhang Hao, who set up his brother Yang Long to play. Zhang Hao was then killed by Xu Wen again, and Yang Wu's power was now in Xu Wen's hands.

　　In November of the fourth year of Kaiping (910), Zhu Wen sent the general Wang Jingren to lead a large army to fight against the rebellious Chengde Wang Rong and Yiwu Wang Chuzhi, and Li Cunxun, the King of Jin, personally led a large army to reinforce. The following year, the Jin army defeated the Liang army at Baixiang (柏乡, in present-day Gaoyi County, Hebei), and the strategic initiative was shifted to the side of the Jin army.

　　In the second year of Qianhua (912), Li Cunxun sent an army to attack Liu Shouguang, who was proclaimed emperor, and Zhu Wen personally led an army to rescue him, but as a result, he was defeated again and returned to Luoyang. Seeing that he was dying of illness, Zhu Wen planned to summon Zhu Youwen from Bieliang and ask him about the aftermath. At this time, Zhu Wen's second son, Zhu Yougui's wife Zhang Shi, was accompanying Zhu Wen and immediately secretly informed Zhu Youjue.

　　It should be explained here that because Zhu Wen's sons have been commanding troops abroad for many years, Zhu Wen often summons his daughters-in-law to the palace to serve in the palace, and Zhu Wen's sons should not see this, on the contrary, they have no shame in using their wives to compete for favors.

　　When Zhu Youjue learned of the news, he took the opportunity to buy the forbidden military general, led troops into the palace, killed Zhu Wen, called the emperor yu Luoyang, and changed the era name to Fengli.　　

　　Zhu Youjue (912-913) reigned for less than a year and was the second emperor of Later Liang.

　　In the first year of the Feng calendar (913), Zhu Wen's third son Zhu Youzhen launched a coup d'état in the name of rebellion, and Zhu Youjue and his wife Empress Zhang escaped and committed suicide. Zhu Youzhen ascended the throne as the last emperor of Later Liang.

　　In the same year, Li Cunxun attacked Youzhou, and the imprisoned Liu Rengong and Liu Shouguang were captured by the Jin army.

　　Zhu Youzhen (913-923) reigned for eleven years and was the last emperor of Later Liang.

　　After Zhu Youzhen succeeded to the throne, the Fengli era number was cancelled and the Qianhua era name was continued. After that, Hou Liang and Li Cunxun confronted each other for a long time, but constantly lost land and lost people.

　　In the fourth year of Qianhua (914), Li Cunxun sacrificed Liu Rengong and Liu Shouguang to the Taimiao Temple of the Jin Dynasty, and Liu Rengong was later escorted to Dai Prefecture (代州, in modern Dai County, Shanxi), where he would stab him with a knife in the blood from his heart to pay homage to Li Keyong's tomb and then behead him.

In the second year of Zhenming (916), Yelü Abaoji was proclaimed emperor, the state name was Khitan and the Jianyuan "Divine Book".

In the third year of Zhenming (917), Shouzhou assassinated Shi Luwenjin and rebelled against the Khitan and led the Khitan army south. The Jin general Zhou Dewei (周德威) held on to Youzhou and sent envoys to Li Cunxun for help. Li Cunxun sent Li Cunzhen and Li Siyuan to lead an army to meet the battle, and defeated the Khitan.

In the fourth year of Zhenming (918), Wang Jian, who had divided the Shu lands, died, and his son Wang Yan took over the former Shu regime.

In the fifth year of Zhenming (919), Yang Longyan established the state of Wu and no longer used the tang era name. At this time, the power of the State of Wu was still in the hands of Xu Wen and his adopted son Xu Zhihuan (李昪). The following year, Yang Longyan died of depression, and his brother Yang Pu was succeeded to the throne of Wu by Xu Wen.

In the second year of Longde (922), Li Cunxun led 5,000 cavalry to seriously damage the Khitan army again, and also captured the son of the Khitan monarch.

　　In the third year of Longde (923), Li Cunxun proclaimed himself emperor at Wei Prefecture (魏州, in modern Anyang, Henan), changed his name to Yuan Tongguang, and used the state name "Tang", which was called Later Tang in history. Although Li Cunxun also used Tang as the national name, he was not related to the previous Li Tang.

　　Later Tang launched successive attacks on Later Liang, Zhu Youzhen's courtiers fled one after another, and even Chuanguo Yuxi was stolen by his subordinates to give Li Siyuan a greeting gift.

　　In October of that year, Li Cunxun invaded Kaifeng, and the late Liang emperor Zhu Youzhen committed suicide, and the Later Liang Dynasty collapsed.

Later Tang (923-936)

The Later Tang Dynasty was the most powerful dynasty among the five dynasties, passing on the second and fourth emperors for fourteen years.

　　Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang reigned for four years and was the founding emperor of Later Tang.

　　In the early period of Li Cunxun's reign, and the State of Qi, the former Shu was destroyed, and three of the four points of the world were already obtained. At that time, Li Cunxun originally had the opportunity to unify China, but he suddenly lost the impetus to move forward, not only conniving at the empress to interfere in politics, but also reusing handsome people (entertainers) and eunuchs, and finally playing a good card. What is even more absurd is that Li Cunxun, who is addicted to drama, also takes his stage name "Li Tianxia", and some people in later generations praise him as the ancestor of opera.

In the second year of Tongguang (924), Li Maozhen declared himself a vassal of Later Tang, and Li Cunxun changed Li Maozhen to the title of King of Qin, and the State of Qi disappeared from then on. A few months later, Li Maozhen died, and Li Cunxun ordered his eldest son Li Jiquan to serve as Fengxiang Jiedushi's envoy, formally annexing the State of Qi founded by Li Maozhen.

In the third year of Tongguang (925), Li Cunxun sent Guo Chongtao and Li Jiquan to lead an army into Chengdu, Wang Yan surrendered, and Former Shu perished.

　　In the fourth year of Tongguang (926), Guo Chongtao was killed due to the false accusations of the eunuch Li Congxun and Empress Liu, and Nishikawa Jiedu ordered Meng Zhixiang to enter Shu and stabilize people's hearts. At this time, a rebellion broke out in Hebei, and Li Cunxun sent Li Siyuan (Li Keyizi) to Wei Prefecture (Hebei Daimyo) to quell the rebellion, but Li Siyuan was supported by his troops and rebels in Wei Prefecture, and instead led his army south.

　　When Li Siyuan attacked Bieliang, Li Cunxun, who was on his way to rescue Bieliang, learned that Bieliang had been lost and hurried back to Luoyang. At this time, Guo Congqian, who was born from a man of talent, took the opportunity to launch an army to become Guo Chongtao's revenge, and Li Cunxun was shot by a random arrow and died at the age of forty-two. The good friend of the lingren covered the body of the "Lingguan Tianzi" Li Cunxun and set fire to the body.

　　Two days later, Li Siyuan entered Luoyang and took the throne, changing the yuan to "Tiancheng".

In this year, Yelü Abaoji destroyed the Bohai Kingdom and changed it to "Dongdan Kingdom", and established the eldest son Yelü Bei as the King of Dongdan.

Later Tang Mingzong Li Siyuan (926-933) reigned for seven years, the second emperor of Later Tang.

　　During Li Siyuan's reign, the Later Tang entered a period of relative stability. However, Li Siyuan's heavily relied ministers An Zhongzhi and Ren Yuan did not agree with each other, and they often scolded each other when discussing politics.

In the second year of Tiancheng (927), An Zhongzhi gave death to Ren Yuan, and from then on the power fell to the opposition.

In this year, Xu Wen of the State of Wu died, and Xu Zhihuan succeeded him to the throne and made Yang Pu emperor; in the northern Khitan, Yelü Deguang became the new Khitan Emperor.

In the first year of Changxing (930), An Chongjie's arbitrary behavior aroused Li Siyuan's vigilance, and he began to disperse An Chongjie's power. A year later, Ahn was relieved of his duties and retired. Soon after, Ahn Chung-chi was killed. In this year, due to the suppression and weakening of Yelü Deguang, the extremely dissatisfied Yelü Bei defected to Later Tang and was warmly received by Li Siyuan.

　　In November of the fourth year of Changxing (933), Li Siyuan became seriously ill. The second son, Li Congrong, did not understand the life and death of his father, so he thought that Li Siyuan had died, and he could not wait to discuss with his cronies to seize the throne, but he was killed on the grounds of "rebellion".

　　On November 26, Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang died at the age of sixty-seven. Li Siyuan's third son, Li Conghou, ascended the throne.

The Later Tang Min Emperor Li Conghou (933-934) reigned for only half a year, and was the third emperor of the Later Tang Dynasty.

　　Li Conghou was recruited back from Weizhou by Zhu Hongzhao, Feng Yun, and others to succeed him from Luoyang, and Zhu Hongzhao and Feng Yun were proud of their meritorious service, specializing in government affairs and controlling the power of the forbidden army. Although Li Conghou was displeased, he had no choice.

In February of the first year of Ying Shun (934), Li Conghou followed the advice of Zhu Hongzhao and Feng Yun and transferred the envoys of the four towns of Fengxiang, Hedong, Chengde, and Tianxiong through the Privy Council. Li Conghou originally wanted to weaken the strength of the four towns, but because he did not issue an edict according to the imperial court regulations, Li Congke (Li Siyuan's adopted son) took the opportunity to start a rebellion in the name of "Qing Junfang".

In April, Li entered Luoyang from Ke. Li Siyuan's son-in-law Shi Jingyao met Li Conghou, who had escaped from Luoyang, on the road, imprisoned him and asked Li Congke for credit. Li Congke declared himself emperor at Luoyang and immediately killed Li Conghou.

In this year, Meng Zhixiang was proclaimed emperor in Chengdu, and the national name was still Shu, and the history was called Hou Shu. Meng Zhixiang died after only one hundred and fourteen days on the throne, and was succeeded by his son Meng Chang.

The late Tang emperor Li Congke (934-936) reigned for three years and was the last emperor of the Later Tang.

　　After Li Congke succeeded to the throne, he was extremely uneasy about Shi Jingyao, and Shi Jingyao had to be careful and guarded everywhere.

　　In the third year of the Qing Dynasty (936), Shi Jingyao wrote to Li Congke on the grounds that he had resigned as the commander of the horse infantry and requested to be transferred. Li Congke agreed, and sent an edict urging Shi Jingyao to go to Yun Prefecture to take up his post.

　　Shi Jingyao immediately rebelled, and Li Congke sent Zhang Jingda to lead tens of thousands of troops to attack Jinyang, and ordered the towns to join forces in a crusade. Shi Jingyao panicked and sent Sang Weihan to ask the Khitan Emperor Yelü Deguang for help, and promised him: Cede youyun Sixteen Prefectures to the Khitans, pay tribute to a large amount of property every year, and call himself a son of the country.

Shi Jingyao's shameless behavior could not even be seen by his close associate Liu Zhiyuan, but Shi Jingyao still insisted on going his own way. Yelü Deguang was overjoyed, and immediately led his troops down from Yanmen Guannan to rescue Shi Jingyao, and after a major defeat, the Tang army advanced into Luoyang, the capital division.

　　At this time, if the Later Tang Army could fight a battle, it might not be able to be reborn, but Li Congke seemed to be frightened and scared, drinking and singing all day, and his morale was depressed. The generals of the towns saw the situation and surrendered to Shi Jingyao one after another.

In November of the same year, Yelü De Guangdian Shi Jingyao became emperor, changed his name to Yuan Tianfu (元天福), and the country name Jin (晋). Shi Jingyao was supposed to take Yelü Deguang as his father, and the funny thing is that Shi Jingtang was forty-five years old, Yelü Deguang was thirty-four years old, and his son was eleven years older than "Lao Tzu". Since then, China has had the contemptuous title of "Child Emperor".

Seeing that Shi Jingyao had become emperor, Later Tang Lulong jiedu made Zhao Dejun blush, and he also jumped out to be loyal to the Khitan and expressed his desire to advance the Central Plains for the Khitan and requested that he be named emperor of the Central Plains. Shi Jingyao was greatly frightened when he heard the news, and hurriedly asked Sang Weihan to send an envoy to the Khitans.

　　Under the bitter plea of Sang Weihan's snot and tears, khitan did not agree to Zhao Dejun's request. Zhao Dejun was not discouraged, and prepared a large amount of gold and silver treasures, along with his own list of houses and fields, and donated a brain to seduce Yelü Deguang's mother, Empress Shulu.

　　Shu Lu coldly asked him three questions. The first question is: "The father and son of Ru are looking for the Son of Heaven Heye?" "Why do you fathers and sons want to establish yourself as emperors?" Zhao Dejun was ashamed, "Bowing down can't be right." The empress dowager asked again, "Where is the farmhouse?" Zhao Dejun quickly said, "In Youzhou." The empress dowager asked, "If it belongs to me, why should I offer it?" "It's all my big Liao, so why do you still take my things to offer?" Zhao Dejun was embarrassed and depressed, and he died in the next year.

On November 26 of that year, Shi Jingyao attacked Luoyang, and the late Tang Emperor Li Congke took the Chuanguo Yuxi and Empress Cao, Empress Liu, and her son Li Chongmei to the Xuanwu Tower and set themselves on fire, and later Tang perished.

The consequences of ceding Youyun Sixteen Prefectures to the Central Plains Dynasty were disastrous, and since then the Central Plains have lost the natural barrier of resistance such as the Great Wall, and the northern peoples of the Khitan (Liao) and subsequent Jin and Yuan dynasties can drive straight into the Yellow River Valley every time, resulting in four hundred years of war. But from another point of view, the exchange of agricultural economy and nomadic economy, and the integration between the southern and northern ethnic groups have also been correspondingly strengthened, and Chinese history has since entered a new period.

Later Jin (936-947)

　　The Later Jin Dynasty experienced two emperors, twelve years.

Later Jin Gaozu Shi Jingyao (936-942), reigned for seven years and was the founder of the Later Jin Dynasty.

　　Shi Jingyao exchanged humiliating conditions for the "Emperor Er" Jiangshan, but the regime was extremely unstable, and local powerful factions such as An Chongrong and Liu Zhiyuan were even more ashamed and angry at his attitude of bending his knees and serving the Khitans, disobedience to dispatch and rebellion incidents occurred from time to time, and the Khitan people did not take him too seriously, so it was inevitable that he would be enraged.

In the second year of Tianfu (937), Shi Jingyao moved the capital to Beizhou.

　　In this year, The Wu Emperor Yang Pu gave way to the powerful minister Xu Zhihuan, and Yang Wu perished. Xu Zhihuan first changed the name of the country to Qi.

In the third year of Tianfu (938), Xu Zhihuan restored the surname of Li and changed his name to Fu, claiming to be the fourth grandson of Li Ke, the son of Emperor Xianzong of Tang, and changed the name of the country to Tang, changed the name of Yuan Shengyuan, and was known as Southern Tang in history.

In the sixth year of Tianfu (941), Chengde Jiedu made An Chongrong accuse Shi Jingyao's father of serving the Khitan and trapping the Central Plains, and said that he would fight with the Khitan to the death. Shi Jingyao was ashamed and angry, and sent troops to attack An Chongrong.

In the first month of the seventh year of Tianfu (942), An Zhongrong Was killed, and Shi Jingyao gave his head to the Khitans. Although Shi Jingyao served the Khitan in a humble manner, he was often rebuked by the Khitans.

　　The nomadic Tuguhun tribe north of Yanmen could not stand khitan bullying after Shi Jingyao ceded Yanmen, and the chief bai chengfu led his troops to an chongrong. After An Chongrong's death, Bai Chengfu turned to Liu Zhiyuan again. On the one hand, the Khitan "pursued responsibility" for the "Tuguhun Incident", on the other hand, Liu Zhiyuan, who had a heavy army in his hands, Shi Jingyao had no choice, and the two pairs were angry.

　　In June of that year, Shi Jingyao died of depression, and his nephew Shi Chonggui succeeded to the throne.　

Later Jin Emperor Shi Chonggui (942-947) reigned for five years and was the last emperor of the Later Jin Dynasty.

　　After Shi Chonggui succeeded to the throne, he was not bloody, and he changed his submission to the Khitan policy and tried to reverse the fate of being oppressed. When the Later Jin Dynasty informed the Khitan of Shi Jingyao's death, he called Sun rather than a vassal, much to yelü Deguang's displeasure and reproached him for not informing the Khitan of the throne.

In the eighth year of Tianfu (943), a serious famine occurred in northern China, and the Later Jin general Yang Guangyuan secretly colluded with the Khitan and suggested taking advantage of the famine in the Later Jin dynasty and the emptiness inside and outside to capture the Later Jin.

In the same year, Li Fu, the Ancestor of the Southern Tang Dynasty, died, and his son Li Jing succeeded to the throne and changed his name to Li Jing.

In the first year of Kaiyun (944), the Later Jin Dynasty went to war with the Khitans. In two years, the Later Jin army repelled the Khitan army twice.

In the third year of kaiyun (946), Yelü Deguang once again launched a war against the Later Jin. The Khitan pretended to promise Lishi Zhonggui's uncle Du Chongwei to be the emperor of the Jin Dynasty, so that Du Chongwei surrendered, and Du Chongwei believed that it was true, so he led the Khitan army south to attack Kaifeng, and Shi Chonggui was captured.

　　In the first month of the fourth year of the kaiyun (947), Yelü Deguang entered Bieliang and moved Shi Chonggui north. Shi Chonggui became the forerunner of the Zhao imperial family at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, and he was escorted to Jianzhou (southwest of Chaoyang, Liaoning). According to the "Epitaph of the Emperor of the Jin Dynasty" collected by the Liaoning Museum, after the Emperor of the Later Jin Dynasty moved north, he collapsed in the sixth year of Liaobaoning (974), at the age of sixty-one.

On February 1, Yelü de, dressed in a Han ceremonial dress, proclaimed himself emperor at the Chongyuan Hall, and decreed that the Jin state be changed to the State of Liao. At this point, the Later Jin Dynasty officially perished.

On February 15, Liu Zhiyuan proclaimed himself emperor in Taiyuan. Liu Zhiyuan used Shi Jingyao's era name as Tianfu Twelve Years.

　　At this time, although the Khitan settled in the Central Plains, but the logistical support was completely lacking, so it could only rely on the way of plundering local folk grain and grass property to maintain, and the Liao people called it "Grass Valley". This provoked a revolt of the people of the Central Plains, who gathered everywhere to fight the Khitan army and kill the officials sent by the Khitans. In April of that year, Li Congyi, the son of Emperor Mingzong of Tang and Li Siyuan, was made emperor and then led his army to retreat north. On the way, Yerushalayim died of illness.

Later Han Dynasty (947-950)

The Later Han Dynasty was founded and destroyed in less than four years, and the Second Emperor was the shortest-lived regime in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.

　　Liu Zhiyuan (947-948), the Emperor gaozu of the Later Han Dynasty, reigned for less than a year and was the founding emperor of the Later Han Dynasty.

In April of the twelfth year of Tianfu (947), the Khitan Yelü Deguang withdrew his army to the north. Liu Zhiyuan saw the opportunity and adopted Guo Wei's suggestion of "taking Henan from Fenshui south and then trying to conquer the world" and raised an army to attack Luoyang and Beijing.

　　In June, Liu Zhiyuan entered Kaifeng, changed the name of the country to Han, and changed the name of the country to Yuan Qianyou. At the end of the same year, Du Chongwei of Wei surrendered to Liu Zhiyuan.

　　In the first month of the first year of Qianyou (948), Liu Zhiyuan's favorite eldest son Liu Chengxun fell ill and died, and Liu Zhiyuan, who was in the process of illness, became ill and took care of Su Fengji, Yang Ying, Shi Hongzhao, Guo Wei and others before his death, and told him to guard against Du Chongwei.

　　On the twenty-seventh day of the first month, Liu Zhiyuan fell ill and died. Su Fengji waited for the secret to be mourned, and then booby-trapped Andu Chongwei.

　　On the first day of February, Liu Zhiyuan's son Liu Chengyou took the throne.

In this year, Hezhong Jiedu had Li Shouzhen divide Shaanxi and rebel against the Later Han, and Liu Chengyou ordered Guo Wei to quell the rebellion. At the age of twenty-two, Zhao Xunyin joined Guo Weijun and has since stepped onto the stage of Chinese history.

　　The Later Han Emperor Liu Chengyou (948-950) reigned for three years and was the emperor of the late Han Dynasty.

　　During Liu Chengyou's reign, the powerful ministers were in charge and regarded Liu Chengyou as air. In particular, the prime minister Yang Ying was overbearing and overbearing, and even asked the emperor to shut up when discussing politics, which made Liu Chengyou bitterly resentful.

　　In November of the third year of Qianyou (950), after conspiring with his close associate Li Ye, Liu Chengyou beheaded Yang Ying, Shi Hongzhao, and Wang Zhang, and then sent envoys to Wei Prefecture (大名, Inc. in Hebei) to kill Guo Wei. Guo Wei, who had received the news, saw that the matter was urgent, so he used the strategy of the strategist Wei Renpu and forged an edict, claiming that Liu Chengyou had ordered Guo Wei to kill the generals, which caused the crowd to be indignant, and pushed Guo Wei to raise an army to fight against him, in order to "qing the side of the king".

　　After Guo Wei raised an army, all of his family members in Beijing were killed by Liu Chengyou, and even Guo Wei's infant son was not spared. At the Battle of Qilipo, Liu Chengyou was defeated and killed by Guo Yunming during his escape.

　　In the first month of the first year of Guangshun (951), Guo Wei was called emperor, the state name was Great Zhou, the capital was Beijing, and the history was called Later Zhou.

　　Although the Later Han Dynasty collapsed, Liu Zhiyuan's younger brother Liu Chong still occupied the Twelve Prefectures of Hedong. Liu Chong immediately claimed the title of emperor, and the name of the country was still Han, and the history was called Northern Han. Liu Chong, as a vassal of the Liao, jointly defended against the Later Zhou, but the powerful Liao state often invaded the borders of the Northern Han Dynasty.

　　Liu Chong's adopted grandson, Liu Jiye, was known for his Xiao Yong and was known as "invincible" and fought against the Liao for more than thirty years. Liu Jiye's real name is Yang Chonggui, also known as Jiye, he is the Yang Lao Linggong in the "Yang Family General" interpreted in later operas and novels.

Later Zhou (951-960)

Later Zhou was the last Central Plains dynasty in the Five Dynasties, which lasted for ten years after three emperors.

　　Later Zhou Taizu Guo Wei (951-954) reigned for four years, and was the founding emperor of Later Zhou.

　　During Guo Wei's reign, he popularized water conservancy, appeased people's livelihood, abolished harsh government, and reused talents. Guo Wei was extremely frugal, and until his death, he also instructed his wife and nephew Chai Rong to bury himself in a paper-clad coffin, and was a well-deserved good emperor.

　　On the first day of the first lunar month of the first year of Xiande (954), Guo Wei, the taizu of later Zhou, died of illness at the Zide Hall in the Fenjing Palace at the age of fifty-one.

　　Later Zhou Shizong Chai Rong (954-959) reigned for only six years, making him the second emperor of Later Zhou.

　　Chai Rong has made great achievements in Chinese history, and he is determined to "open up the world in ten years, feed the people in ten years, and bring peace in ten years". During this period, Chai Rong selected talents, clarified the rule of officials, conquered Bashu in the west, went south to Jianghuai, and drove Khitan in the north, which was called the best martial arts of Wenzhi, and he was known as the "First Ming Emperor of the Five Dynasties".

　　In the first year of Xiande (954), with the funeral of Guo Weixin, the Northern Han and Khitan invaded the south, and Chai Rong led an army to march in person. At the Battle of Gaoping (Gaopingnan, Jin, Shanxi), Chai Rong was not afraid of danger, and he was a pioneer, and the Later Zhou army won a complete victory. After this battle, according to the exposed problems that generals would not be able to fight, Chai Rong ordered Zhao Kuangyin to be responsible for recruiting the world's heroes and training the forbidden army.

　　In the second year of Xiande (955), Chai Rong sent a large army to march west to Later Shu and occupy the Area of Hanzhong in QinZhou.

　　In the same year, Chai Rong ordered the abolition of the Tianxia Buddhist Temple, thus becoming the "one sect" of the "three martial arts and one sect" in Chinese history.

In the third year of Xiande (956), Chai Rong led an army to personally conquer the Southern Tang Dynasty, and took the six prefectures of Chu, Yang, Qin, Guang, Shu, and Pu.

　　In the fourth year of Xiande (957), Chai Rong personally invaded southern Tang for the second time, and the southern Tang army lost its armor and armor.

In the fifth year of Xiande (958), the Southern Tang Emperor Li Jing declared chai rong a vassal, ceded the land north of the Yangtze River, and fengzhou as Zhengshuo, using his chronology to remove the name of the country and change it to "Lord of Jiangnan". Since then, the Southern Tang Dynasty has been in a slump, and in order to avoid Later Zhou Fengmang, Li Jing moved the capital to Hongzhou and renamed it Nanchang Province.

　　In April of the sixth year of Xiande (959), Chai Rong personally led a large army to the Northern Expedition to the Khitans, and the situation was like a bamboo. Under the strong pressure of later Zhou, Emperor Muzong of Liao even wanted to abandon Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures at one point. Just as he was preparing to take advantage of the victory to capture Youzhou, Chai Rong suddenly fell ill and had to return to the south.

　　On June 19, the ambitious Later Zhou Shizong Chai Rong died in Beijing at the age of nine Chinese New Year's Eve. His youngest son, Chai Zongxun, ascended the throne as Emperor Gong of Later Zhou.

　　In the face of the seven-year-old little emperor and the twenty-something empress, Zhao Kuangyin's mind also moved.

　　In the first month of the seventh year of Xiande (960), Zhao Kuangyin led his army north on the grounds that Zhen and Ding'er prefectures were invaded by the Northern Han and Liao Dynasties, and after marching to Chen Qiaoyi for the night, the soldiers draped a yellow robe on Zhao Kuangyin's body, and Zhao Kuangyin "shyly replied" to give way, and became emperor, and then the army returned to Kaifeng. In just three days, the world of the next week changed hands, and Zhao Kuangyin's efficiency was staggering. This is the famous "Chen Qiao Mutiny" in Chinese history.

　　With Chai Zongxun forced to give the Throne to Zhao Kuangyin, Later Zhou perished.

　　Out of guilt for Chai Rongzhi's promotion, Zhao Kuangyin was quite lenient towards Chai's orphans and widows, and Chai Zongxun and his mother were given "Danshu Iron Coupons" (gold medals to avoid death) to ensure that Chai's descendants would always enjoy wealth and no punishment, even if they committed crimes. The general Pan Mei also adopted Zhou Shizong's infant son and changed his name to Pan Weiji.

　　Zhao Kuangyin's location in later Zhou's feudal town, which was sent to the German army jiedushi, was Song Prefecture (宋州, in modern Shangqiu, Henan), so he took Song as the state name, set the capital kaifeng, and changed the yuan to "Jianlong", which was called "Song Dynasty" and "Northern Song Dynasty".

The Five Dynasties period was the darkest moment in Chinese history, the change of dynasties was as fast as a marquee, and the later dynasty killed the emperor's family as usual as cutting leeks, Zhao Kuangyin peacefully passed the transition of power in a way that was almost bloodless, showing a strong civilization, rationality and humanity, which was really remarkable just by looking at it.

　　With the end of the Later Zhou Dynasty and the end of the chaotic and dark Five Dynasties period, Chinese history is fortunate to experience a new peak of civilization.