As a Chinese, it is estimated that since childhood, I know an enlightenment book - "Hundred Family Names". "Zhao Qiansun Li, Zhou Wu Zheng Wang..." Catchy and quite popular. We all know that the surname that ranked first is Zhao, because the surname of the hundred families was written in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Zhao was the national surname at that time, and it must be ranked first. The second and third surnames are related to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and a divided regime, that is, the Wuyue regime that occupies the two Zhejiang Provinces, and the Wang surname of Wuyue is Qian. The author of "Hundred Family Names" is a Hangzhou native, so Qian ranks second, and because the eldest wife of Wu Yue's last king Qian Li is surnamed Sun, the third place of "Hundred Family Names" is also related to Wu Yue. Let's take a look at the history of the struggle and decline of Wu Yue's Qian family.
Hundreds of family names
King Wu to King Wuyue
The first generation leader of the Qian family of Wuyue was Qian Wei, a native of Hangzhou who joined the army in his early years and became famous for suppressing the Huangchao Uprising. Through constant wars, in 887 AD, Qian Wei became the parent official in his hometown of Hangzhou.
Qian Wei did not stop his steps, and successively competed with many surrounding separatist forces for territory, and when he grabbed the territory, Qian Wei also recruited various talents to serve him. Constantly annexing multiple forces, the strength gradually became stronger. In 893 AD, Qian Wei was crowned by the Tang Dynasty as the envoy of the Zhen Navy, and Qian Wei also became a local power faction leader.
In 895, Dong Chang, an old superior who had the grace of knowing Qian, declared himself emperor in Yuezhou, and was preparing to give Qian a title of official, hoping to take him as a general under his command. After Qian Wei learned of all this, he persuaded his old boss not to be confused, and led the army to Yuezhou to carry out military advice, and the imperial court also arranged for Qian Wei to fight against Dong Chang. A year later, Dong Chang was captured, and Qian Wei added another Zhenjie envoy to become the envoy of Zhenhai and Zhendong, and qian wei basically controlled the Zhejiang region and became his capital for partition.
Qian Wei and Dong Chang
In 902, Qian Was crowned King of Yue, and the preparatory work for the establishment of the separatist regime was basically completed. After two years, because Qian Wei occupied the land of Wuyue, he prepared to report to the emperor that he wanted to be promoted. From a single Yue king, he was promoted to the king of Wu yue and Yue, that is, the king of Wu Yue. However, it was estimated that Qian Wei's performance was not particularly good in the eyes of the Tang Dynasty, so he did not agree, but Zhu Wen, the powerful minister at the time, told the emperor that Qian Wei was good, so he changed his title to King Wu.
Zhu Wen helped Qian Wei, so after Zhu Wen usurped the throne and established Hou Liang, Qian Wei did not hesitate to immediately hug Zhu Wen's thigh. Qian Wei was so knowledgeable about current affairs that Later Liang rewarded him, fulfilled his wishes in the Tang Dynasty, and crowned him as the King of Wuyue. From the beginning of Zhu Wen to the fall of Later Liang, qian was constantly sealed. Qian Wei not only recognized Hou Liang as the central government, but also constantly paid tribute, and when the land route was not feasible, he took a boat around the sea, and thousands of mountains and rivers could not stop Qian Wei's heart of tribute (this is similar to the Judgment of the Min King).
Tribute from Wuyue
To hold back and not to call the emperor is to be a good comrade
Most of the other regimes contemporaneous with Wu Yue were called emperors sooner or later, but Wu Yue still did not change his original intentions, resolutely did not call himself emperor, and took the Central Plains Dynasty as the leader. Qian Wei's original intention did not change to get a return from Later Liang, who allowed Qian Wei to establish a state and crowned Qian Wei as the king of the State of Wu, which was also the only one in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
In the later period of Qian Wei's reign, Zhongyuan changed tang as the master, and Qian Wei still dominated it. Although the relationship with the Later Tang Is a bit choppy, it does not affect the overall situation.
In 932, Qian Wei, who had lived for eighty-one years, died, and the age of eighty-one could be called the first super long standby of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. The Wuyue regime entered a new situation, and Qian Yuanwan, Qian Yuanwan, the son of Qian Wei, took over all this.
After Qian Yuanhuan went online, he still did not call himself emperor, and still submitted to the Central Plains Dynasty, no matter who was in charge in the Central Plains, the attitude of the Qian family was the same. Therefore, Qian Yuanhuan was crowned king of Wuyue during the Later Tang and Later Jin dynasties, which meant that the eldest brothers admired the attitude of the Wuyue Qian family.
Qian Yuanwan reigned for ten years, and basically achieved the goal of ensuring the safety of the border and the people. The most crucial thing is that foreign policy continues the practices of the previous generation and also plays an important role in the stability and development of Wuyue.
In 941, the second king of Wuyue, Qian Yuanwan, began to go offline, and at the age of fifty-five, he died of a serious illness, and the Qian family carried out the third generation of power transfer.
Wu Yue and the Central Plains Dynasty
State chaos
The third generation of the Qian family to hold power is Qian Hongzuo, the sixth son of Qian Yuanwan, who basically belongs to a good Shoucheng king after he became Wu Yue's pawn. The foreign policy remains unchanged, and this is the fine tradition of the old money family, which certainly cannot be lost. Moreover, at a critical moment to give help to the brother units, in 945 AD, the eldest brother of the south, the Southern Tang, attacked the border neighbor of Wu Vietnam's ministry, Minguo, and Qian Hongzuo fought to save each other, although in the end it did not change the outcome, but protected the Wu vietnamese department from the impact of war.
He also has some remarkable deeds in the basically diligent and earnest management of the inheritance left by his ancestors. Wu Yue basically did not have any major incidents in his hands, and the transition was smooth. Unfortunately, Qian Hongzuo only lasted less than seven years on the throne, and was only twenty years old when he died, and only a quarter of his grandfather Qian Wei was alive, which can also be regarded as a young death.
Although Qian Hongzuo died early, Wu Yue's life still had to pass. Qian Hongzuo died at the age of twenty, and he faced a big problem, that is, his son was still a small child and could not control the land of Wuyue. Therefore, after Qian Hongzuo knew that his life was short, he could only pass the throne to his brother Qian Hongzuo.
Qian Hongqian was also a capable and intelligent person, but he was ousted from power less than a year after he reigned. The reason was only that there was a problem in dealing with the powerful ministers left by the elder brother, hu Sijin was an old man in the imperial court, so after Qian Hongqian ascended to the throne, he was somewhat disobedient. Hu Sijin, who disobeyed, gave Qian Hongqian a headache, so he prepared to cure him, but Hu Sijin preempted him.
In 947, Hu Sijin entered the palace with a group of small friends, and decisively launched a coup d'état, imprisoning Qian Hongqian and installing his brother Qian Hongli to succeed to the throne.
Southern Tang and Wu Yue
Sacrifice the soil and surrender
After Qian Hongli succeeded to the throne, he was basically able to implement the policies of his ancestors very well. He was not like the last monarch of other regimes, eating, drinking and having fun after ascending to the throne, but he was bent on seeking development for Wu Yue, and he was also a rare king of the last days.
Although Wu Yue has developed steadily in his hands, the external trend has quietly changed. In 960 AD, Zhao Kuangyin, the supreme commander of the Later Zhou Forbidden Army, seized the throne of Later Zhou and successfully established the Song Dynasty.
With the emergence of the Song Dynasty, Qian Li still submitted to it, after all, this is the tradition of the Qian family, no matter who is the emperor in the Central Plains, we will submit. However, the ambition of Zhao Kuangyin, the grandfather of the Song Dynasty, was far from being comparable to that of the five generations of Central Plains monarchs, and the strong strength of inheriting the Later Zhou was equivalent to saying that at this time, the Song had the ambition to unify the world and the strength to wipe out all countries.
The Song Dynasty gradually destroyed Later Shu, Nanping, Southern Han and occupied Hunan according to the rhythm of first easy and then difficult. In the south, there was basically only one Southern Tang and Wu Yue of the Qian family.
The next goal of the Song Dynasty was the Southern Tang, the largest economy in the Ten Kingdoms, and when the Southern Tang Dynasty was in crisis, Qian Li sent troops, but instead of saving each other, he gave the Song army assistance.
The regime of the Song Dynasty
When Qian Li helped the Song army attack the Southern Tang, he could probably think of the end of Wu Yue, because he knew that Zhao Kuangyin could not tolerate others sleeping next to his bedside. The unification of the world by Zhao and Song is irreversible and unstoppable.
In 978 AD, Qian Li thought about it again and again, for the sake of the people of wuyue land, and in order to follow the instructions of his ancestors, he saw the general trend of the world. Resolutely decided to sacrifice the land of Wuyue to the Song Dynasty to avoid the scourge of swords and soldiers. At this point, Wu Yueguo, which existed for seventy-two years, disappeared, which can be said to be an active disappearance or a passive one.
Song besieged Wu Yue
From the founding of the country by Qian Yue to the voluntary surrender of Qian Qi, Wu Yue has always pursued the principle of taking the Central Plains Dynasty as the king and himself as his subject. This policy has a far-reaching impact on the development of Wuyue and provides a long-term guarantee for the stability of Wuyue's internal environment.
The Qian family ruled in Wuyue for more than half a century, effectively promoting the development of the local economy and culture. Moreover, the five kings of the Qian family are basically all promising kings. Unlike other regimes, the frequent appearance of absurd monarchs caused domestic turmoil, and the domestic power rotation was relatively stable, except for a coup d'état by Hu Sijin, but there was no large-scale civil unrest in the whole process, and Wu Yue's power returned to Qian Li's hands.
When the Song Dynasty destroyed the southern separatist regime one by one, only Wu Yue was left. At this time, no matter how well the Qian family managed in Wuyue, they had to give up this piece of land, and reunification was imperative. Although the objective conditions no longer allowed the Qian family to resist, the Qian family turned passive out of the game into an active donation of soil, which can be said to be unique at that time.
Taking the initiative to donate soil, the first protected the land of Wuyue from the scourge of war; the second conformed to the general trend of reunification; and the third Qianjia could also reap a good ending and reputation.
The surrender of Wu Yue, the basic Song Dynasty's unified action in the south can be regarded as an end, but also represents the beginning of a new era.
Natu returned to Song