At the time of the Cultural Revolution, the shelves of the original variety of books in the home were almost empty, except for Mao Xuan and Chairman Mao's poems, which were some professional books on his father's architecture, and the rest were pressed into wooden boxes of equipment bought from the factory, and the "big poisonous weeds" such as Liu Shaoqi's "On the Cultivation of Communist Party Members" and the so-called scum of "Sealing Capital Repair" such as "Peony Pavilion" were also burned as the ignition of the pot stove.
Instead, Lu Xun's single book, neatly arranged in a row, this is the literary essence that I carefully read in that era, and I was deeply impressed by one of the articles "On the Fall of the Leifeng Pagoda", in addition to knowing the beautiful scenery next to the West Lake, I also knew from the annotations that the builder of this tower, his name was Qian Li, the original Wu Yue monarch.
The name Qian Li is very difficult to read, I have always been a little nervous when reading, in addition to the Leifeng Pagoda, there is a famous pagoda on the shore of Xizi Lake called Baochu Pagoda, the people are pronounced with the word "shū", hangzhou people are mostly directly called Baoshu Pagoda.
"Lei Feng is like an old man, bao is like a beautiful woman", and modern dictionaries and experts say that this "俶" word should be read "chù", so I don't know how to read it, but I have always read it as "Shu", Shengdou Xiaomin, why pretend to be an expert, or go with the flow.
Wu Yueguo was one of the ten kingdoms in the "Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms", Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty and made Qian Yue the King of Wuyue, the capital was Hangzhou, when the Central Plains was still in frequent wars and wars, Wu Yueguo always pursued the policy of ensuring the peace of the country, paying attention to nongsang not raising troops, and recuperating internally; developing trade abroad was a rare piece of pure land at that time.
Without the pain of war, it attracted a large number of northern people to take refuge here, and also brought advanced production and breeding technology in the Central Plains, which further improved productivity, not only rapid population growth, the city is more prosperous, the people's life is solid and rich, small bridges and flowing water people's homes, apricot blossoms spring rain in the south of the river, everywhere presents a peaceful atmosphere.
Qian Miao was a benevolent and benevolent lord, but he always regarded "doing good to China" and "protecting the border and the people" as his responsibility, and before he died, he also instructed his descendants to "know the current affairs according to their ability to do what they can, and if they encounter Allah it is advisable to quickly return to it" It can be said that this national policy of his influenced the direction of the later Wu Yue lords.
Moreover, Qian Miao was also a person who believed in Buddhism, and the place under his jurisdiction, the construction of a large monastery, and the recitation of the Buddhist sutras caused the green smoke in Wuyue, the floating tu Qingtian, the Sanskrit sound, and the Buddha's light hanging, reproducing the grand situation of Du Mu's words in those years, "Four hundred and eighty temples in the southern dynasty, how many buildings and terraces are in the smoke and rain".
Qian Li was the last monarch of Wuyue, he followed the ancestral precepts of the former emperor "respect the Central Plains, never call the emperor", for the Central Plains is only to recognize the temple and not to recognize the Buddha, not to expand, not to participate in the war, to rest with the people, under the guidance of this policy, the Wu Yue state under his rule, free from the pain of war, like a paradise of tranquility and prosperity.
However, the situation during his reign underwent great changes, the Northern Zhou Zhao Kuangyin Chen Qiao mutiny, the yellow robe plus body to establish the Great Song Dynasty, became the emperor of the new dynasty, the Song Dynasty successively destroyed the central plains countries, after unifying the north, he moved his eyes to the land of Jiangnan, Qian Li knew that the great disaster was coming.
There were two regimes in Jiangnan, one was Li Yu's Southern Tang Dynasty, and the other was Qian Qi's Wu Yue, and the place of control was about today's Zhejiang and a little further south, both of which were rich places, which was a necessary place for Zhao Kuangyin, the grandfather of the Song Dynasty, who "lay on the side of the bed and would not allow others to sleep".
The Southern Tang Dynasty, Wu Yue, was smaller, and the Southern Tang Dynasty built the capital Jinling, which not only had jurisdiction over the land of Jiangnan, but also had two Huai, two lakes and vast areas such as Gan, Guangdong, and Guizhou, which were the most powerful separatist forces in the Ten Kingdoms, but unfortunately, later Li Tang's last two emperors, Li Jing and Li Yu, all went to fill in the words, and the military strength was already much worse than before, and when the Song people were suppressed, they were defeated one after another.
Wu Yue and the Great Song Do not border, it is behind the Southern Tang, the two families are almost like a feud, but they both believe in Buddhism, Li Yu is "the religion of Su Drowning Zhu Qian", and Qian Yu is also "worshipping the Shi clan, before and after building hundreds of temples", the two lords of the country are like this, so the two countries are also at peace, when the Song Dynasty attacked the Southern Tang, Li Hou Lord asked Qian Yu to release the previous suspicions, send troops to save each other, and jointly resist the enemy.
Qian Li was not a person who only knew how to protect the territory, how could he not understand the truth of cold lips and cold teeth, but An Min was more important to him, and he clearly realized that the unification of the Song Dynasty was the trend of the times, and even if he joined hands with the Southern Tang Dynasty, it would be difficult to resist the Song people who were gaining momentum.
Therefore, he not only refused the Southern Tang's request for rescue, but instead sent troops to help the Song Dynasty attack the Southern Tang, and in the case of the enemy in the abdomen, the Southern Tang soon collapsed.
The next Qian Li, with the safety of the world in mind, dedicated the land of the two Zhejiang and thirteen prefectures to the Song Dynasty, helped Zhao Kuangyin complete the unification of the south, and achieved a good historical story of taking into account the overall situation and unifying China.
This cannot be said that Qian Li's knife stabbing at the Southern Tang From behind is immoral, because Qian Li has already seen the trend of history, and for the fundamental interests of the broad masses of the people, to ensure that the people are not suffering from war, and to ensure that the city is not destroyed, he has made the correct choice.
Later, after he was ordered to enter Bieliang, and after Zhao Guangyi succeeded to the throne by Emperor Taizong of Song, on Qian Jun's sixtieth birthday, he sent envoys to congratulate him, and that night after the banquet, Qian Li died violently, with the title of Zhongyi; although the cause of death is unknown, it is generally suspected that he was poisoned, and the murderer is self-evident.
His original name was Qian Hongli, Qian Li's name was changed after he entered the Song Dynasty to avoid secrecy, he, like Li Yu, is the king of the subjugated country, in contrast, he is more devout to Buddhism, during his reign he was extensively cultivating stupas and praying for the people, and now we see the Leifeng Pagoda and the Liuhe Pagoda on the West Lake, etc., which he cultivated in those years.
In history, people are full of sympathy for these two subjugated kings, Li Hou Lord needless to say, the work is a household name, popular, no one in later generations can match, was revered as the "Emperor of Words", because his wife was occupied, wrote the first "Ask the Jun can have a few sorrows, just like a river of spring water flowing east", angered Song Taizong, on the occasion of his 42nd birthday was poisoned.
Li Yu had made an effort, had organized the Southern Tang to resist, and was forced to surrender to the Song dynasty when he was cornered; qian li was different, he did not make any resistance, and when the Song people were not ready to annex Wuyue, he directly surrendered to the land, which is not unique in history, I am afraid it is also extremely rare.
Although this is related to his belief in Buddhism and his unwillingness to let his life be destroyed, it is a concrete manifestation of the "compassion for the heart" advocated by the Buddhist family, but it is also an inevitable act of his cowardly character, although the country died, but the people were saved, and also left a prosperous Hangzhou city for the Great Song Dynasty, the earthly paradise of "three autumn guizi and ten lotus flowers", and also laid a solid foundation for the later southern Song Dynasty to establish a foothold in this country.
At that time, Jinling, Li Hou lord's resistance in exchange for the past city scenery is not there, full of holes, everywhere is a faction of "cold smoke fading grass green" slaughter, himself was also captured into the Song, and soon after Ouyang Xiu was also sad when passing by, saying: "Jinling after serving the curse, now although its rivers and mountains are there, and the decadent ruins, the barren smoke and wild grasses, those who pass by, can not help but hesitate and be miserable." ”
Qian Li's move is very similar to that of the later general Fu Zuoyi, the former completed Hangzhou, the latter saved Beiping, many famous cities in Chinese history were destroyed by war, leaving a ruin, and winning the future generations of literati to hang the ancient wounds; and such as Chang'an, Luoyang, Yangzhou, these cities, are also destroyed several times, the scenery is not there, the decadent and ruined ponds around the jackdaws, from this point of view, Qian Li's feng land is surrendered, and the contribution is great.
The king of the subjugated country has always been despised by people, but Qian Li has a good image in the hearts of the people, he is worthy of his heart, the people, and even more worthy of the history of the mental journey, praised by all generations, and his stories and legends have been circulated in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas to this day, all of which are the theme of cherishing and loving the people, which contains the people's love and admiration for him.
In this regard, Dongpo Lao once said: "As for the old and dead, his people do not know the military revolution, they swim at four o'clock, and the sound of songs and drums is heard, and they are still not abolished. ”
He died at the hands of Zhao Guangyi of Emperor Taizong of Song, and to be fair, taizu Zhao Kuangyin still did not renege on his word and did his utmost courtesy to Qian Jun after his surrender, and the later Emperor Zhao still gave the Qian clan the greatest advantage, such as his descendant Qian Weiyin also became the horse of "Princess Shang", fought fiercely with Ouyang Xiu's gang of little brothers, and contributed a lot to the rise of this crowd.
Inheriting the merits of Qian Qi, "the people of Wuyue, remembering the Qian family, a hundred years as new", the later dynasties are also courteous to the Qian family, not only the Ming Dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang took good care of this family, and even in the Qing Dynasty, when the Qianlong Emperor was in the lower Jiangnan, he also performed sacrifices many times, and wrote poems praising it as "because of the knowledge of current affairs, you can be called a hero".
The Qian family was prosperous, and there were more than 3,000 people who came to the Central Plains with Qian Qi, and there were many generations of officials, and at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were tens of thousands of people, and people said, "Loyalty and filial piety are grand, but the Qian clan, believing in good rewards is not vain." ”
The Qian clan has also formed a remarkable family clan in Jiangnan, and the Qian family's tutoring is very strict, the so-called "Xun Zhao Qian clan, hundred generations of keeping family style", which has played a key role in the prosperity of the Qian clan.
The "Hundred Family Names" that have been circulated for thousands of years was born in the Wuyue Kingdom in the early years of the Song Dynasty, because the emperor's surname was Zhao, so even if he was unwilling, he did not dare to put the "Qian" surname first, so the "Zhao" surname of the Song Emperor ranked first. And "Qian" ranks second, and "Sun" is the surname of Qian Qi's wife, and this "Li" is the "national surname" of the "Southern Tang" who has the same disease, so it can be seen that the order of this "Hundred Family Names" is not arbitrarily arranged.
Qian Qichen, Qian Zhengying, Qian Xuesen, Qian Weichang, Qian Sanqiang, Qian Zhongshu, Qian Fu, Qian Mu, and so on are all out of the clan, and there are hundreds of Qian celebrities at home and abroad who are above the academician of the Academy of Sciences.
West Lakeside, beautiful scenery, light moon breeze, ancient visits, smoke and rain in the air in the West Lake is the most charming, a thousand years past, looking at the towering pagoda double shadow, suddenly full of Zen, Qian Li endured humiliation and burden, lit a incense to protect the country and the people, a book of flashy dreams of poetry, hidden in the beauty of the West Lake.
West Lake dreaming, Bao Li Zen heart, accompanied by a breeze blowing, willow branches swaying, graceful and colorful, in the intoxication of Wu Ge Nong, trance, I seem to faintly hear, that Qian Li between the clouds slightly closed his eyes, the sound of the devout Buddha chanting, in the light moon wind, see his fading back ...