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Chapter Four: Jiang Huan's Hometown Debate (III) Xiangxiang Debate
Note: The blue words in the text are the key prompt content. The red word is the field where there is an error.
The main evidence for the belief that the hometown of Duke Huan was in present-day Xiangxiang City: there is Chen Shou's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" that Jiang Huan "Lingling Xiangxiang people also." Most people now note Jiang Huan's "Lingling Xiangxiang people" as "people from present-day Xiangxiang County (or City) in Hunan Province." Today's Xiangxiang County (city) was indeed subordinate to Lingling County in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the early Three Kingdoms period. Secondly, the Kangxi Twelfth Year Revision of the Xiangxiang County Chronicle and the Thirteenth Year of Tongzhi's Xiangxiang County Chronicle both listed it as a historical celebrity in the county and has a detailed biography. In September 2015, construction of a "Jiang Wan Square" was started in its territory. Beyond that, there is no other convincing evidence.
For the saying that the hometown of The Duke of Qi is now xiangxiang city in Hunan Province, it has not been recognized by the descendants of the vast majority of the dukes, and the Chronicle of Qiyang County and the Records of Ancient Porcelain of Shijiaoshan also deny the claim that the hometown of the Duke of Xiangxiang is in the current Xiangxiang. Whether Or not Gong Huan was a native of present-day Xiangxiang, we can explore it from the following aspects.
1. Historical evolution
Xiangxiang City, a county-level city in Hunan Province, is managed by Xiangtan City. In the fourth year of Jianping in the Western Han Dynasty (3 BC), Emperor Liu Xin made Liu Chang the Prince of Changsha the Marquis of Xiangxiang, and in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, xiangxiang county was established in the former Xiangxiang Marquis territory, which belonged to Lingling County, Jingzhou. During the Three Kingdoms period, it belonged to Hengyang County. In the third year of the Southern Dynasty Song Yongchu (442), it was connected to Xiangxiang County. In the ninth year of the Sui Dynasty (589), the three counties of Xiangxiang, Xiangxi and Hengshan were merged into Hengshan County, which belonged to the governor of Tanzhou. In the third year of Daye (607), the governor of Tanzhou was changed to Changsha County. Xiangxiang is under the administration of Changsha County. In the fourth year of Tang Wude (621), Hengshan County was re-established as Xiangxiang County. In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1295), it was promoted to Xiangxiang Prefecture. In the second year of Ming Hongwu (1369), Xiangxiang Prefecture was restored to a county. In the Qing Dynasty, Xiangxiang County belonged to Changsha Province.
In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), fuzhou was reorganized into a province, and Xiangxiang County belonged to Xiangjiang Province. Eleven years (1922), abolished the road system, Xiangxiang County directly under the jurisdiction of the province. In the 26th year (1937), it belonged to the Sixth Administrative Inspector's Office of Hunan Province (set up in Shaoyang). In the 29th year (1940), it was transferred to the Office of the Fifth Administrative Inspectorate (Shiyiyang). In 1949, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xiangxiang County belonged to Yiyang Prefecture. In January 1952, the Hunan Provincial Government decided to set aside the third, sixth, seventh districts and part of the second district from Xiangxiang County to build a new Shuangfeng County; the ninth and tenth districts were allocated to the newly established Lianyuan County; and the remaining six districts were still Xiangxiang County. In November 1953, Xiangxiang was changed to Shaoyang Prefecture. In July 1965, it was changed to Xiangtan Special District. In February 1983, the Xiangtan District was abolished and Xiangxiang County was transferred to the jurisdiction of Xiangtan City. On September 12, 1986, the State Council approved the change of Xiangxiang County to Xiangxiang City. On March 6, 1987, Xiangxiang City was officially established. The municipal government has set up the Wangchunmen Subdistrict Office.
(Full map of the Three Kingdoms)
2. Chain of evidence
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes Gong Huan as a "Lingling Xiangxiang" person, is this "Xiangxiang" the current Xiangxiang? We can analyze it from the date of the three kingdoms and the historical evolution of Xiangxiang. It is clear that, according to the previous section, Xiangxiang "belonged to Hengyang County during the Three Kingdoms period." "The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms" Wu Shu Sansi's main biography, as well as the "Minutes of Reading the History of Fang Public Opinion", volume 80 HuGuangliu, both contain Wu Taiping's second year (257) in Hengyang County. At this time, Xiangxiang should belong to Hengyang County.
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms was written in 289 AD, more than thirty years after Xiangxiang was transferred to Hengyang County. It should be called "Hengyang Xiangxiang", and it is impossible to be crowned with Lingling.
Some people say that when the Romance of the Three Kingdoms was written for the Duke of Wan, it was based on the political map of the time of his birth to determine the place of origin, not after that. The author believes that even if this statement exists, its author will indicate that the area belongs to He Prefecture and He County at the time of writing, or according to the new place of origin at the time of writing. For example, now Chongqing Municipality was established in 1997, previously affiliated to Sichuan Province, if you now write a biography for Yang Shangkun, Liu Bocheng, Nie Rongzhen can be called Chongqing people, if according to their birthplace written as Sichuan Suining, Sichuan Kaixian, Sichuan Jiangjin people, without indicating that they are now Chongqing people, I am afraid that the shooting will make people laugh off their teeth.
Look at Zeng Guofan's profile again. Zeng Guofan (26 November 1811 – 12 March 1872), courtesy name Zicheng (子城), courtesy name Bohan, Di sheng, Yuwen Zheng, and Han Chinese, was born in Yangshuping, Xiangxiang County, Changsha Province, Hunan Province (now part of Heye Town, Shuangfeng County, Loudi City, Hunan Province). (Note: Never forget to explain what city and county it currently belongs to) Late Qing Dynasty heavy minister, founder and commander of the Xiang Army. Qing Dynasty strategist, politician, and founder of the late Qing prose "Xiangxiang School". In the late Qing Dynasty, he was one of the "Four Famous Ministers" of Zhongxing, and was an official of the Viceroy of Liangjiang, the Viceroy of Zhili, and a scholar of Wuyingdian University, and was given the title of Marquis of Yiyong of the First Rank.
Most of the descendants of duke Huan record that Lady Mao left the Shu state before the Shu kingdom was destroyed and returned to Lingling Xiangxiang. At this time, Xiangxiang in Hunan had been assigned to Hengyang County for several years, so Lady Mao was by no means returning to the present-day Xiangxiang City.
Some people say that the "Lingling District Chronicle" records that Xiangxiang County was transferred to the jurisdiction of Hengyang County in the first year of Baoding (266). The author consulted the "Chronicle of the Lingling Region" compiled in 1995, and the only one chapter on its history is recorded as follows: "In the third year (223) of the Three Kingdoms Shu Zhaolie Emperor Zhang Wu died of illness, and the Lingling Commandery was a native of Eastern Wu. In the first year (265) of the last emperor of Wu, Ganlu was divided into Shi'an Commandery (present-day Guilin, Guangxi) in the south of Lingling. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Baoding of the late Wu Dynasty (266), Yingyang Commandery (present-day Dao County) was established in Lingling County, and Yingpu County (present-day Dao County) was demarcated; the northern part of Lingling County was divided into Shaoling County (present-day Shaoyang City); the two counties of Lingling and Yingyang belonged to the land of Wujing Prefecture... There is no record of Xiangxiang being assigned to Hengyang County in the first year of Baoding (266), and it is impossible to say that it was only 266 years before it was assigned to the jurisdiction of Hengyang County, at this time Xiangxiang and Lingling County are no longer bordered, and Hengyang County is separated in the middle.
Attached: Shu Han (15 May 221 – 263), one of the Three Kingdoms. In 221 AD, Liu Bei was proclaimed emperor in Chengdu, with the state name Han, and the historical name was "Shu" or "Shu Han", also known as "Liu Shu" and "Ji Han". The territory of the Shu Han Dynasty stretched from Wudu and Hanzhong in the north, Wuxia in the east, Baoyun and Gui in the south, and eastern Burma in the west. It occupies most of present-day Yunnan Province, Sichuan and Guizhou Provinces, Shaanxi, southern Gansu, northwestern Guangxi, northeastern Myanmar, and northwestern Vietnam. It was destroyed by Wei in 263. A total of two emperors, forty-three years.
3. The local Chiang lineage
There are Xiangxiang Baishui Sect and Xiangxiang Shilong Sect. They are all descendants of Zhen Gong (the 18th grandson of Duke Shao), and the genealogy is called Jiang Juxiang Township, which began with the Shu Han Sima Wan Duke, the rebellion of the Five Dynasties, and the migration of Jingding. Later Tang Tongguangjian Zhongnan Duke returned from Ji'an, Jiangxi to Qujing, xiangxiang, the hometown of Duke Huan.
Also Xiangxiang Shaxi, Hengyang Meishuli Jiang clan genealogy: Distant ancestor Xue Gong, Chuan Vi Shi Huan, from the father Zuo Gong official Ju Lingling, Bu Ju Xiang Xiang Qu Jing. During the eighth reign of later Liang, Beichen was appointed by the Jinshi cabinet Dutang Scholar, resigned from the knighthood, and was blocked by the Ma Yin army in Changsha, so he moved to Taihe County, Ji'an Province, Jiangxi, and Buzhai Yanzhuang. It was passed to Shaolu, and in the 2nd year (924) of Later Tang Tongguang, he returned to Xiangxiang Changle Township Chongyi Liputian Chongshatang with his sons Zhongnan and Zhongshan Fu.
He also Xiangxiang Xiyang Jiang clan, genealogy based on Bo Ling as the first, the seventy-first Zhongnan Duke. The Eighty-fourth Rongchen Duke, Zi Shiju, Yuan Gongsheng, moved from Qujing to Shilong.
The above several schools of Jiang's genealogy all mention "Qu Jing" as the hometown of Gong Gong. So is "Qu Jing" in today's Xiangxiang or in Lingling or in Jeonju?
Taihe Yanzhuang Meixi: Wuyanzhuang Jiang was a descendant of Jiang Huan, the prime minister of the Three Kingdoms, and the ancestor Shao Gong was born in Tang Dynasty Qianfu Yiwei (875), and Jingfu 2nd year Deng (893) Dengde Wei ke jinshi. The official Sichuan Naxi Master Book, Luzhou Thorn History, Zhongshu Province, Tianfu Yuan year (901) promotion to service. At that time, officials and eunuchs inside and outside the imperial court colluded, friends and party strife, and The Ma Yin Rebellion, in order to avoid the chaos in tianfu, he resigned his official at the imperial order in the second year of Tianfu and moved to Xichangsha Lake (present-day Meixi, Taihe Wanhe Township) in Ji'an, Jiangxi. Later Jin Tianfu (943) Shao Zheng was nearly seventy years old, and returned to Qujing (present-day Lingling Stone Corner, Hunan) with his grandson Zhongnan (the son of Ji Ziyuanxin) to guard the old site of the Duke of Shouhuan. Shao Jing You Taihe was famous for His Kaiyan Zhuang as Wu Commandery, and Zhongnan returned to Xiangxiang and returned to Qujing Desheng Chubang. (The original score records that Qujing in Xiangxiang, Chunan, that is, the stone corner of Lingling in Hunan)
The inscription of the statue of Duke Shao of The Qing Dynasty erected in Meixi, Jiangxi in 2019 reads: "In the year of the Later Jin Dynasty (943 AD), Gong Weng returned to the former site of the 49th ancestor (Sima Hugong of Shu) in Shangxiang Qujing (now Lingling, Hunan) at the age of sixty-nine with his grandson Zhongnan (son of the third son Yuanxin) to shou the 49th ancestral grandfather (Sima Hugong of Shu) in Present-day Hunan Province" This inscription should be the descendants of the Duke of Shaoqi, which naturally includes the consensus reached by the descendants of the True Gong in present-day Xiangxiang, Shuangfeng, Ningxiang, Xiangtan, Anhua, and Chuanyu in present-day Hunan Province.
In the picture above (shaoqigong statue inscription), the "Xiangxiang Qujing" in the hometown of The Duke of Zhongnan is deliberately marked in parentheses (now Lingling, Hunan). The meaning is obvious, remind everyone not to misunderstand this "Xiangxiang Qujing" is in today's Xiangxiang City, Hunan. It was in Lingling, which also negated the claim that The Ancestral Home of Duke Huan was in Xiangxiang.
So is "Qu Jing" in the hometown of Gong Gong in the lingling district of yongzhou city? We can analyze it from "Xiangxiang Qujing" and "Shangxiang Qujing", and the "Shijiaoshan Ancient Porcelain Record" makes it very clear that Xiangxiang is Xiangyuan, and Xiangyuan is Quanzhou. And "Shangxiang" should refer to the Upper Xiang River Lixiang area (the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Xiang River are also called Lixiang, Xiaoxiang, Steaming Xiang), we analyzed earlier, Lingling Shuikou Shanxi Lou is not in the upper reaches of the Xiang River, the whole prefecture is only in the upper reaches of the Xiang River. Therefore, the "Xiangxiang Qujing" in the hometown of Gong Gong was not in the Lingling District of Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, and at the same time excluded the statement that "Xiangxiang Qujing" was present-day Qidong.
"Xiangxiang Qujing" is more convincing in present-day Jeonju. People often think that Guangxi Quanzhou has no administrative affiliation with the current Hunan Lingling, and it is difficult to accept that the hometown of Gong Gong (Lingling) is the current Guangxi Quanzhou, in fact, Quanzhou was previously subordinate to Hunan Yongzhou (Lingling County), until the twenty-seventh year of Ming Hongwu (1394), the whole prefecture was changed from the original Hunan Yongzhou Prefecture to Guangxi Guilin Prefecture. Therefore, when Duke Shao took his grandson Zhongnan (the son of Jizi Yuanxin) back to Chunan "Xiangxiang Qujing" (Lingling), the present-day prefecture was still subordinate to Lingling. It is not excluded that the "Lingling Xiangxiang Qujing" of Zhongnan Gonghui at that time was now Jeonju. (Taihe Yanzhuang Meixi Jiang's original genealogy records that Qujing in Xiangxiang, Chunan, that is, the stone corner of Lingling in Hunan during the Tang Dynasty, does not say that the stone corner cub of Lingling or the stone corner village is Xiangxiang Qujing, so it can be seen that the stone corner cub is not the hometown of the Duke of Xiang, and the stone corner is the hometown of the Duke of Xiang.)
4. Was Gong Huan born in present-day Xiangxiang?
Some people think that "the hometown (birthplace) of Gong Gong is in the current Xiangxiang, and the former residence (residence) of Gong Gong is in the lingling district of yongzhou City" We may wish to explore whether Gong Gong was born in Xiangxiang? A person's place of birth depends on the place of residence (place of origin) or place of work of their parents. Very few phenomena are born in other places, such as visiting relatives and friends, traveling abroad, such phenomena exist, but after all, they are a minority, whether modern or ancient, a woman who is about to go out at will. Even if the place of birth is not the place of residence (place of origin) or place of work of the parents, the place of birth will not be used as the home.
According to The Duke of Wending's Jiang Mian (文定公) "The Land where Jiang Clan Was Subjected to the Surname and The Self-Examination of Emperor Wuzong" (蒋氏所自出考), "Yuanzu Xiu, who came to Lingling at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was rumored to be Sima Anyang Hou of Shu. It can be concluded that the place of origin of Gong Gong's parents was Lingling County (present-day Jeonju, Guangxi), not Xiangxiang.
According to the Genealogy of Jiang Clan in Shaxi, Xiangxiang, Hunan, and Meishuli, Hengyang, "Distant ancestors of Gong Gong, Chuan Vi Shi Wan, from his father Zuo Gongguan Zai Lingling, Buju Xiangxiang Qujing." The "Genealogy of the Jiang Clan" of Qidong Brick Pond also contains: "With Shi Shu Huan, the character Gongyan, from the father Zuo Gong, Guan Zai Ling Li Ju Xiang Xiang Qu Jing" From the word "Guan Zai" it can be affirmed that the father of The Duke of Qi, Zuo Gong, was an official in Lingling County (present-day Quanzhou, Guangxi), and was the county commander of Lingling County, rather than Quanling, where lingling county was located, and it is even more unlikely that it is now Xiangxiang. (Zai: Generally refers to the county Zai, the county Zai is the county order, thus excluding the possibility that the father of the Duke of Huan was an official in Quanling, where the county seat of Lingling County, and the governor of a county was Taishou). And choose "Xiangxiang Qujing" as the place of residence. Would Zuo Gong, who was an official in Lingling County (present-day Jeonju County, Guangxi), choose Xiangxiang (now Xiangxiang City, Hunan), which was thousands of miles away and was neither a transportation fortress nor a scenic spot, as his residence? Even in today's well-developed transportation, a person who is an official in present-day Jeonju will not "live in" today's Xiangxiang! Then ask where does "Xiangxiang Qujing" refer to the current Xiangxiang City in Hunan Province?
In the Song Dynasty, The Rebbe Shangshu Jiang Man wrote the "Shilongtan Stele Chronicle": "Han has a secret, shu, because it is produced in Xiangyuan (the name of the ancient county in Jeonju). Emperor Taihe of Wei (note: 227 AD, also the fifth year of Jianxing of the Shu Han Dynasty), who lived in Shilongtan in the twenty-fifth mile of Beixiang, "indicates that the former residence of Duke Huan was not in Xiangxiang, nor in the lingling district of yongzhou city, but in Meitan, yongshi town, in present-day Jeonju County.
From the above, it can be concluded that the birthplace of Duke Huan is not today's Xiangxiang, Hunan. Thus, it also excludes the theory that the hometown of Gong Gong is in present-day Twin Peaks and Ningxiang.
(Note: In this article, it is inevitable that there are inaccuracies or errors, and I hope that the family will correct more and study together.) In order to shorten the length of this article as much as possible, only the title and a small amount of text are adopted for the cited articles, and then replaced by an ellipsis, please forgive the original author, and only select important pages for the pictures)
Jiang Jingsheng, Quanzhou, Guangxi
April 25, 2020
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