Abstract: The "General Catalogue of the Four Libraries of the Whole Book" records the edition of each book collected in the "Huijiao" and the version referenced by the proofreading. Compared with other previous bibliographies, the content of the "General Catalogue of The Essentials" is more simple and clear, and the bibliographic form has been further unified, the language is more standardized, and the form is more regular. The Compendium of Essentials is an important and innovative and independent edition of the bibliography. The edition of the "General Catalogue of the Hui" has a certain influence on the bibliography of the "Outline of the Hui" and the edition of the "General Catalogue". It is necessary to re-recognize the versionual value of the "General Catalogue of The Essentials".
Keywords: "Four Libraries Of The Whole Book" Four Libraries Edition Table of Contents
At the beginning of the siku quanshu huijiao (hereinafter referred to as the "huijiao"), there are 5 books that record the number of title volumes of the books included in the "Huijiao", the author's chronology, the base and source on which the book is recorded, and the version referenced by the proofreading. These five books are the "General Catalogue of the Four Libraries" (hereinafter referred to as the "General Catalogue of the Huijiao") [1]. The "General Catalogue of The Essentials" is an important bibliography of the editions of each book collected in the "Essentials" and the editions referenced by proofreading. Since not many people have seen the "Huijiao" and even fewer people have used the "Huijiao", and although the "Huijiao General Catalogue" is a separate volume, it is included in the book "Huijiao" and has not been published alone, so not many people know about this bibliography. We believe that the "General Catalogue of the Four Libraries of the Whole Book" is a catalogue of editions that has been ignored in the Qing Dynasty, and its versionological value needs to be fully affirmed.
1 Edition bibliography of ancient bibliographies
The basic bibliography of the "General Catalogue of the Essentials" is as follows:
Han Jingfang wrote the "Jingshi Yi Biography" three-volume cloud:
Han Taizhong Dafu Jingfang wrote, Wu Yulin Taishou Wu County Lu Ji Notes. The present-day Inner House is a compilation of the Ming Mao Jin Ji Gu Ge Periodicals, according to the National Dynasty He Yun Zhongben Gong School.
Qing Zhang Erqi wrote the "Rites zheng annotated sentence reading" seventeen cirrus clouds:
Written by Zhang Erqi of the State Dynasty Jiyang. Now according to the former Zhejiang Governor Sanbao's collection of banknotes on the Fan Maozhu family, according to Gao Tingshu Ben Gong School.
Northern Qi Yanzhi wrote the "Yan Family Training" two volumes:
Northern Qi Huangmen waiter Lang Yanyan was written. According to the former Inspector of Jiangsu, Sa Zai, Ming Chengrong's "Han Wei Series" is recorded, according to Ming Yan Zhibang, Tao Zongyi, he Yunzhong and Zhu Shi of the State Dynasty.
What is the clouting value of this bibliographic form? To understand this problem accurately, a brief review of the previous bibliographic editions needs to be made.
Edition bibliography is an important part of the bibliography, but most of the ancient bibliographies in China do not pay attention to bibliographic book editions. It is generally believed that the earliest bibliography of bibliographies of bibliographies was the Sui Chu Tang Bibliography compiled by You Yuan of the Southern Song Dynasty. The book is the first to record different editions of the book, and the first to reflect the collection after the book had a printed version. However, the bibliography of the book is very simple, such as the Chengdu stone carving "Nine Classics", the Hangben "Yi", the old prison book "Shang Shu" and so on. And even this kind of brief bibliography is rarely seen in this bibliography, and most books still have only one title. Some of the subsequent bibliographies of the Yuan Ming Dynasty were also mostly unbiographical versions. Some bibliographies are still very brief, even if they are in version. For example, Chao Yao's "Bibliography of Baowentang" wrote: "The Great Book of The I Ching, one engraved in neifu and one engraved in Min. "The Song dynasty is incomplete in the collection of Du poems." Zhou Hongzu wrote "Ancient and Modern Book Carvings" under each institution, listing the list of engraved books. For example, under the "Huizhou Capital", there are "Tianyuan Fawei", "Yingkui Law", "Compilation of Family Rituals", "Wengong Annals" and so on. However, the bibliography of this bibliography is still relatively simple, and it lacks the basic elements of the edition catalog.
Since entering the Qing Dynasty, the bibliography has attached great importance to the bibliography of editions, and has produced a number of influential bibliographies of editions. Important examples are: Xu Qianxue's compilation of the bibliography of the family collection of good books "Chuan is Lou Song Yuan Bibliography", in each book title, volume number in front of the version, some notes with author and other information, such as: "Song Week Easy Interpretation Sentence Interpretation Thirty-five volumes, one." "Yuan Zhou Yi Chuanyi Eighteen Volumes (Dong Kai), Ten Books." [2] Qian Zeng's "Reading Minqiu Ji" has a synopsis of each book included, and many of the detailed editions of the summary include detailed version information, such as "Lu Sen's "Yuling Juyi" Five Volumes" Tianyun: "This book is tai ding ji ugly Hanlin to be made Zhao Mengxuan's preface in Jianduan, and Pingjiang Road Yin and Yang Professor Luo Tianyou corrected." In the second year of the Celestial Calendar, Shen feng was commanded by the Governor's Office. [3] This is generally considered to be a relatively complete bibliography. Compiled at about the same time as the General Catalogue of The General Catalogue of The General Catalogue of the Qing Dynasty, the Bibliography of the Qing Dynasty Imperial Household collection is a bibliography of editions. This bibliography describes the various editions in detail and records the characteristics of the editions.
As can be seen from the above description, although it is the same edition of the bibliography, the differences between them are still obvious. Some of the editions of the bibliography compiled before the "General Catalogue of The General Catalogue of the Book of the Book of the General Catalogue of the Book of the General Catalogue Institutionally, these bibliographies and the "General Catalogue of The Essentials" belong to different types of bibliographies. The "Reading Notes" and others had a greater influence on the "Outline of the Book", while the "General Catalogue of the Book" was hardly affected by these bibliographies.
Compared with other previous bibliographies, the bibliography of the "General Catalogue of The Essentials" is neat and uniform, the language is more standardized, the form is more regular, and the expression format of the same type of version is basically the same. This is what catalog bibliographic normalization must do. This form of the "General Catalogue of The Essentials" was completely self-initiated, and it is a form that has not appeared in the previous edition of the bibliography. It is on this basis that we say that the Compendium is an important and innovative and independent edition of the bibliography.
In order to better illustrate the results of the bibliography of the edition of the "General Catalogue of the Huijiao", we can also compare it with the bibliography of the Four Libraries that is related to the compilation of the "Four Libraries" in the same period and the "General Catalogue of the Four Libraries". The Bibliography of the Four Libraries is the earliest document formed in the Bibliography of the Four Libraries, but the bibliographies of the provinces we see today generally only record the title and number of volumes, and some also record the number of volumes, authors, etc., and do not bibliographic editions. There are only editions of the bibliography in the "Catalogue of Testaments collected in Jiangsu" and the "General Catalogue of Testaments collected in Zhejiang", but they are also very simple, often only annotating simple words such as "periodical" and "written book". Such a simple bibliography cannot account for the version.
Before the "General Catalogue of the Essentials", there is also a noteworthy bibliography of the four libraries is the "First Entry Catalogue of the Complete Books of the Four Libraries" (hereinafter referred to as the "Initial Catalogue"). The Chumu (初目) contains editions in some of the synopsis, such as the "Jibu Beiji Category" and the "Twenty Volumes of the Wuxi Collection": "Song Yujing wrote Ming Chenghua In which Qiu Jun copied it from the cabinet and first published it. It is now rumored that Jiajing Jia WuDu Yushi Tang Ji republished this book. The edition of the "Chumu" has a certain influence on both the "General Catalogue of Hui" and the "Outline of Huijiao", such as the "General Catalogue of Huijiao" in this article: "According to the former Inspector of Jiangxi, Haicheng, the Ming and Tang Dynasty periodicals, according to Ming Qiujun Ben Gong School. "Outline of the Huijiao" wrote: "Qiu Jun copied from the cabinet in Ming Chenghua and began to publish it. It is now rumored that Jiajing Jia WuDu Yushi Tang Ji republished this book. However, the edition of the "First Eye" is still arbitrary, and not every summary is available, indicating that the edition bibliography has not become a necessary content. Therefore, it can only be said that some of the books in the "First Catalogue" have noticed the bibliography of the editions, but the book "Initial Catalogue" cannot yet be said to be a bibliography of editions.
2 Bibliography of the General Catalogue of the Hui and the Outline of the Hui
The bibliography of the edition of the General Catalogue of the Essentials provides a basis for the narrative of the Edition of the Outline of the Compendium of the Essentials. The Synopsis is the synopsis of the books included in the Synopsis. The "General Catalogue of the Club" is a separate volume, and the "Outline of the Club" is at the beginning of each book. Although the content and form of the "General Catalogue of The Hui" and the "Outline of the Hui" are not the same, the version of the "General Catalogue of the Hui" and the version description of the "Outline of the Hui" are often consistent.
For example, Song Fanzhong wrote the "Collection of Texts and Zheng", "The General Catalogue of the Hui Dynasty", "Yun Yun": "Now according to the first two Huaiyan ministers Li Zhiying, the Ma Yu family tibetan state Dynasty Fan Shi Chong's compilation of the book, according to the Ming Shi Zhao text Gong Proofread. "Synopsis of The Outline of The Book" Yun: "Its collection of YuanMing has been published many times, but it has not existed for a long time." Kangxi Yiyou, whose twenty-first grandson Shi Chong was the governor of Guangxi, belonged to the correction of the clan, and was engraved in conjunction with the "Song Discussion" and "Ruler". Another example is Song Sushi's "Complete Works of Dongpo", "General Catalogue of Huijiao" Yun: "Now according to the former Governor of Jiangsu, Sa Zai, the Shangguo Dynasty Cai Shiying Periodical, according to the Yuan ming Zhu Ben and Ming Xiang Yu Ben and Song Shi Yuan's poetry collection Annotation Ben Gong School." "The Outline of the Huijiao" Yun: "This book was published by Cai Shiying of the National Dynasty, and Gai was also revised according to the old engraving and corrected and correct, and it was relatively perfect." Now and now use the record of his original book. Song Chen Shidao wrote the "Houshan Collection", "The General Catalogue of Huiyao" Yun: "Now according to the former Zhejiang Governor Three Treasures on the Fan Maozhu family Tibetan state Zhao Honglie's publication of the book, according to the Ming Ma Tun Ben and Song Ren Yuan's Annotation Ben Gong School. "Summary of the Huijiao" Yun: "This book was transmitted by Ming Ma tun and reprinted by Zhao Honglie of Songjiang. It can be seen from this that the versions mentioned in the Outline of the Essentials are all already recorded in the General Catalogue of the Essentials. Therefore, as far as the edition bibliography is concerned, the "General Catalogue of The Hui" and the "Outline of the Hui" are closely linked, and the version of the "General Catalogue of the Hui" directly or indirectly affects the version description of the "Outline of the Hui". This also illustrates the value of the bibliography of the edition of the "General Catalogue" from another perspective.
The edition of the "General Catalogue of the Four Libraries", especially the edition of the "Outline of the Huijiao", also provides an important basis for the edition of the "General Catalogue of the Four Libraries".
3 The bibliography of the "General Catalogue of the Hui", the "Outline of the Hui" and the "General Catalogue of the Four Libraries"
The "General Bibliography of the Four Libraries" is the most important bibliography in the Siku Bibliography, and it is also the largest and most rigorous bibliography in ancient China. However, there are also some problems with the "General Catalogue", among which the "unprinted version" has attracted criticism from many people. For example, Yu Jiaxi's "Preface to the Dialectics of the Four Libraries" said: "The example of the "General Catalogue" is only to record that a certain book was collected by a certain official, but not to write a clear plate. [5] Cheng Qianfan and Xu Youfu's "Compilation of The Catalogue of School Chickens and Broad Meanings" also said: "The General Catalogue "only records the origin of a certain book, but does not record what kind of book it belongs to." This added a lot of trouble to later scholars when using the book. ”[6]
Of course, the "General Catalogue" is not completely devoid of bibliographic book editions, and we can still see many explanations of the situation in the "General Catalogue". For example, Song Zhangyu wrote the "Nanxuan YiShu" synopsis: "This book is written by Jiaxing Cao Rong from the Yuan Dynasty Ganzhou Road Confucianism Zheng Hu Shun Father Publication. Song Lu Zuqian wrote the "Memorabilia" synopsis: "This book is engraved by Song Jiading Nongshen Wu County School. "Some of the feeds also have some more specific descriptions of the version. For example, Song Chenwan wrote the "Weng Yi Shu" synopsis: "This book was published by Sun Zhengtong in Shaoxing. Feng Qiao said that from his grandson Da Ying saw Weng You's "Yi Quan Xie", more than one volume, many gua changes, similar to Zhu Zifa's theory. Hu Yigui said that he had still seen his first edition, and the title cloud "Weng Yi Said" was not divided into volumes. This cover is also seen by Ichigui. ”
However, a closer comparison shows that most of these editions are due to the fact that the four-library bibliography that preceded them already contained the version information, and the General Catalogue only copied the ready-made text. Among them, the influence of the "General Catalogue of the Hui" and the "Outline of the Hui" is particularly important (some of them are from the existing bibliographies of the "Initial Catalogue"). From the point of view of the edition bibliography, in most cases, the "General Catalogue" is related to the "General Catalogue" in the edition bibliography, while the version description is more related to the "Outline of the Hui".
For example, Song Fangwen's compilation of "The Essence of the Great Yi", the "General Catalogue" records that the source of his book is the collection of Jiang Zengying's family in Suzhou, and the summary cloud: "(Zeng) 穜初 rigidly placed the county zhai, and then copied the printing of manjing, And Zhang Sigu and Chen Zao successively repaired it." This book is from the Suzhou Jiang Zengying family, that is, the supplementary engraving of The Ancient Jiading, the "Self-Prologue" of The Ancient One, and the "Trek" of the Ancient Migration of the Heirs. Now from the "Jing Yi Kao" supplementary record of the "Preface", still move its "Trek" at the end of the volume. This passage makes it very clear about the circulation of the version of the Great Easy Saying. In fact, the version of the "General Catalogue" has been clearly stated in the "General Catalogue of the Hui" and the "Outline of the Hui". "General Catalogue of Huiyao" Yun: "Now according to the former Jiangsu Inspector Sa Zai, jiang zeng's family collection of ming zhang si ancient periodicals, according to the Song Zeng shu ben, Ming Chen Zao ben gong school." The "Outline of the HuiJiao" says: "(Zeng) Yong first published the board in the county, and then copied the printing of the mangling, and Zhang Sigu and Chen Zao successively repaired it." This book is from the Suzhou Jiang Zengying family, that is, the supplementary engraving of The Ancient Jiading, the "Self-Prologue" of The Ancient One, and the "Trek" of the Ancient Migration of the Heirs. Now from the "Jing Yi Kao" to supplement the "Preface", still move its "Trek" at the end of the volume. It can be seen that the version described in the "General Catalogue" has been explained in the "General Catalogue of the General Catalogue", and the summary of the "General Catalogue" only records the contents of the "Outline of the Huijiao".
Another example is Song Hongshi's "Panzhou Collection", "General Catalogue" Yun: "This book is hidden by Mao's Jigu Pavilion, and it is written from the Song carving." Check the "General Catalogue of Hui" Yun: "Now according to the Heavenly Lu Lin Ming Mao Jin Ying Song Codex Transcript Gong School." "Outline of the Huijiao" Yun: "This is the Ming Mao Jin Ji Gu Ge Ying Song Codex." It can be seen that the "General Catalogue" is still written according to the "General Catalogue of the Hui" and the "Outline of the Hui".
The "General Catalogue" records song Jia Changchao's "Qunjing Yin Discernment" that mentions: "This is the carving of Zhang Shijun from Song Shu in Suzhou in the Kangxi Dynasty. This sentence is exactly the same as the Synopsis. The "General Catalogue of the Hui Dynasty" says: "According to the former Zhejiang Governor Sanbao, Zhang Shijun of the Shangguo Dynasty published this book, according to Song Shu Ben Gong School. It can be seen that the edition of the "General Catalogue" is actually based on the "General Catalogue of the Hui" and the "Outline of the Hui".
Another example is the summary of the "General Eye Jiayou Collection", which reads: "It is originally a xu qian scholar who is said to be hidden by Lou, and the inscription at the end of the volume is Shaoxing In April of the seventeenth year, wuzhou prefecture study carving." The paper and ink are quite fine. There is also a kangxi suzhou Shao Renhong publication, also known as correction from the Song Dynasty. However, the two books and sixteen volumes are different from those recorded by the Song people. Xu's original name is "Jiayou New Collection", and Shao's name is "Mr. Laoquan Collection", which are also different from each other and do not explain the reason. Or was there more than two books at that time? He also wrote: "Now with Xu Ben as the mainstay, with Shao Ben referring to each other, and just as they are false, there are also those who exist and those who escape, and make up for it." The appendix is also in two volumes, compiled by Shen Fei, a professor of Wuzhou Studies. Compared with Shao Ben, there is one less "Biography of the History of the State", and more than ten eulogies are also recorded for preparation. These two passages explain the version of the Jiayou Collection very clearly. Its text is entirely derived from the Synopsis.
Due to space limitations, there are only a few examples, but in fact there are many such examples. The bibliography of the editions of the "General Catalogue of the Huijiao" provides an important basis for us to examine the editions of the Huijiao and even the "Four Libraries of the Whole Book". According to this bibliography, we can analyze the editions used by the Huijiao and the Siku Quanshu, which is an important function of the Huijiao General Catalogue. Unfortunately, the version information of the "General Catalogue" and the "Outline of the Hui" are not all accepted by the "General Catalogue". If the General Catalogue could pay more attention to absorbing the contents of the editions of the "General Catalogue" and the "Outline of the General Catalogue", people's views on the editions of the "General Catalogue" could be changed.
Previously, it had not been noted that the General Catalogue was compared with the Preliminary Catalogue and the General Catalogue (including the Compendium), so it was difficult to explain the situation of the Compendium clearly. For example, Wang Chongmin's "Compendium of Chinese Good Books" is a collection of twelve volumes of the Tang Yuan Cishan Anthology, which has inscriptions from Ming Qi and Zhen Jian. Its synopsis: "The original title: 'Yuan Jie Ci Shan, Chen Ji Ru Mei Gong Appraisal, Wu Zhen Yuan Changqing, Wang Shi Minxun Zhi Tong Bi. The word 'school' is 'more', and the kai and zhenjian engravings are also. The twelve volumes of the Bibliography of the Four Libraries, the Compendium does not say what the basis is, and it is deduced by the number of volumes, which seems to be this one. [7] Wang Chongmin speculated that the "General Catalogue" was based on Wu Zhenyuan and Wang Shimin, which is good. In fact, this version of the book has been clearly stated in the "General Catalogue of Huijiao": "Now according to the former Shandong Governor Xu Ji, the Ming Wu Zhenyuan Periodical, the Gong School. "Ming Wu Zhenyuan engraving, that is, Wu Zhenyuan and Wang Shimin engravings during the Ming Qi and Chongzhen years." Wan Man's Tang Ji Shulu Yuanzi Wenbian mentions the version of the Yuanjie "Cishan Collection" in the Siku Quanshu and says: "It is the Collection of the Inner House, twelve volumes, and the He Ben has not been reviewed. [8] If we compare the Outline of the HuiJiao with the General Catalogue, we can see that the General Catalogue is almost identical to the Outline of the Huijiao, so it can be said that the General Catalogue contains this edition, that is, the Wu Zhenyuan and Wang Shimin Editions, which is the same version as the Huijiao. As for the inner house collection mentioned in the General Catalogue, there is also a basis for it. Wu Weizu edited the "Bibliography of the Four Libraries" and added to the "First Bibliography of Wu Yingdian", which has this book[9]. The bibliography of Wu Yingdian is the Inner House Collection. If the version of the Book of Essentials is known, these doubts will cease to exist.
The bibliography of the editions of the General Catalogue can also be compared with today's catalogue of editions. For example, the "General Catalogue of Hui Yao" records that Ming Gu Yingxiang wrote the "Classification and Interpretation of the Measuring Round Sea Mirror" ten volumes of clouds: "Now according to the former Zhejiang Inspector FuChen Sanbao, fan Maozhu family collection Ming Mu Dynasty Bi Periodicals Ben Ji Lu Gong School. "Check the Bibliography of Ancient Chinese Books", the edition of which is "Ming Jiajing Inscription"[10]. The General Catalogue of Ancient Chinese Books records one kind of work as "Ming JiajingJian Inscription" and the other as "Shadow Copy of Ming Jiajing Twenty-Ninth Year Mu Dynasty Appointment Inscription"[11]. The publication date of the "General Catalogue of The Essentials" is not as specific as the other two bibliographies. However, one of the "Bibliography of Ancient Chinese Books" and the "General Catalogue of Ancient Chinese Books" does not list the publishers, while the "General Catalogue of Huijiao" has one, which can complement each other. Another edition of the General Catalogue of Ancient Chinese Books is "Shadow Copy of Ming Jiajing Twenty-Nine Years mu dynasty appointment engraving", although it is very complete, but the publisher "Mu Chao Ping" wrote it incorrectly. According to this preface, the author is "Mu Chaobi". This shows that the edition of the "General Catalogue of The General Catalogue" still has certain academic value today.
4 Problems with the bibliography of the "General Catalogue of the General Catalogue"
There are also some problems with the edition of the Metapendium.
First, it is not specific enough in terms of content. The complete edition bibliography should include the time of publication, the publisher, the form of publication, etc., and, if possible, the place of publication. With today's standardized and standardized bibliography compared with the bibliography of the "General Catalogue of The Essentials", we will find that the missing items are still very obvious. Of course, this lack of items can be understood, and as far as the era of the compilation of the "General Catalogue of The General Catalogue" is concerned, the bibliography of this bibliography is already very perfect.
Second, some versions of the description, the "General Catalogue of the Essentials" has not been carefully examined, and may not be accurate. For example, Ming Cheng Minzheng edited "Ming Wen Heng" (Ming Ming Wen Heng), "General Catalogue of Hui Yao" Yun: "According to the former Zhejiang Inspector Fu Chen Sanbao, ming Fan Zhen magazine Ben Ji Lu Gong School." In fact, the title of this book is More accurate. At the end of this volume, In the sixth year of Jiajing, Lu Huan's "After the Re-engraving of Wenheng" Yun: "Years of Yi you, to the general xuezheng, according to Hui County, take Mr. Huangdun's "Wenheng", the engraving is half off, and the skin texture is flat and unreadable. Brought to Beijing, it was corrected by Professor Fan Zhen of Tianfu Studies and re-entered Zi. In May, the earthquake went to the generation, and now Professor Li Wenhui will come, and the school governor will be more than three months, and the Zi artificial labor will be completed. From this, it can be seen that this book was first corrected by Lu Huan and then asked Li Wenhui to continue the proofreading, and it was Lu Huan who presided over the engraving from beginning to end, and Fan Zhen and Li Wenhui only participated in a stage of work. Therefore, according to the convention, and according to the actual situation of the engraving, the inscription "Lu Huan Engraving" is more accurate. Today, this book is usually written as Fan Zhen and Li Wenhui's engravings, such as the Bibliography of Ancient Chinese Books and the General Catalogue of Ancient Chinese Books[12-13]. Such bibliographies are also problematic. However, during the Republic of China, the "Four Series" photocopied "Huangming Wenheng", and the tablet was written as "Shanghai HanfenLou Borrowed and Printed Wuxi Sun's Small Green Sky Collection Ming Jiajingjian Lu Huan Periodical", and this version description is accurate.
Despite these problems, we can still say that the "General Catalogue of The Huijiao" was a very important catalogue of editions in the Qing Dynasty. At present, some editions of bibliographic works have not noticed the value of the bibliographic editions of the "General Catalogue of the Huijiao". For example, yao Mingda's "Catalogue of Editions" and "Catalogue of Rare Books" in the "History of Chinese Bibliography" only introduce You Yuan's "SuiChutang Bibliography", Qian Zeng's "Reading Minqiu Ji", and "Tianlu Linlang Bibliography". The bibliography of editions listed in Yu Jiaxi's Bibliographic Studies is roughly the same as that of [15]. The above-mentioned "Catalogue of Schools" noted the problem that there was no bibliographic version of the General Catalogue, but also did not notice that the "General Catalogue of the Huijiao" that also belonged to the Bibliography of the Four Libraries series did not actually exist. None of the above observations are comprehensive. In the process of the development and evolution of China's edition bibliography, the "General Catalogue of The Essentials" has an important position and should be given full attention.
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According to the press, the author Jiang Qingbai is a researcher and doctoral supervisor of the Institute of Ancient Literature Collation of Nanjing Normal University. His research interests are Chinese classical philology and siku science. The original article was published in Library Journal, No. 2, 2020. Image source, network. The footnotes to the original text have been deleted, and in order to facilitate the reader to understand the historical materials or special explanations cited in the original text, the words "[1][2][3]" and other words are marked in the main text.