Xiao He is 22 years old this year, a college student, who usually eats irregularly and often overeats.
Since about half a year ago, Xiao He found that he was particularly thirsty and ate more, but his weight dropped by about 10 kilograms. This strange phenomenon made Xiao He's heart gradually uneasy.
2 days ago, Xiao He, who had not eaten breakfast, suddenly fainted in the dormitory, and her roommates hurriedly sent her to a nearby hospital. After a series of tests, Xiao He was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.
In this regard, Xiao He is very worried that she will not live long, she has heard that young diabetics do not live long. Is the truth really as pessimistic as Xiao He said? This article will take you to find out.
1. The life expectancy of young sugar friends is shortened by 14 years, and mastering 3 points can also lead to longevity
A recent article in The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology describes the relationship between diabetes and longevity. A team of researchers from the University of Cambridge looked at data from about 150 people with diabetes.
The study found that compared with people without a history of diabetes, the risk of all-cause death was 2.64 times higher in the age group of 30-39 years old, including 3.93 times the risk of death from cardiovascular disease, 1.48 times the risk of death from cancer, and 3.9 times the risk of death from other factors.
Re-converting the data, people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at age 30 may have a shorter life expectancy of nearly 14 years, and a corresponding reduction of 4 years for every 10 years of diabetes that develops early.
In other words, the life expectancy of a 20-year-old sugar friend may even be shortened by nearly 18 years.
Although this article only looked at type 2 diabetes, the life expectancy of people with type 1 diabetes is not much different from that of type 2. It has been reported in many literatures that the number of men and women diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before the age of 20 is reduced by about 11 years and 13 years, respectively, and the number of men and women diagnosed before the age of 10 years is reduced by about 14 years and 18 years, respectively.
In this way, young patients with both type 2 and type 1 diabetes face more challenges than older patients. In terms of disease characteristics, patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes diagnosed before the age of 40 have more family history of diabetes, higher BMI, more unstable blood glucose, more obvious insulin resistance and decreased B cell function, and are more prone to diabetic microvascular complications than late-onset diabetes.
In other words, the basic conditions of patients with type 2 diabetes are relatively poor, and if they are not adjusted in time, cardiovascular diseases and diabetic ketoacidosis may occur.
Based on this, young type 2 sugar friends, in addition to controlling their diet, it is more important to exercise to lose weight, such as high-intensity interval exercise is very suitable.
The traditional way to lose fat is composed of various low-to-medium intensity and continuous aerobic exercises such as running and swimming, while high-intensity interval exercise is composed of various high-intensity exercises such as leg raises, box jumps, and sprints.
High-intensity interval exercise focuses on a "exercise + rest" cycle pattern, often using rapid fluctuations in heart rate over a short period of time to burn calories quickly. Compared to traditional fat loss, high-intensity interval exercise burns excess body fat in a shorter period of time. In other words, this exercise is very suitable for young obese people who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
Unlike people with type 2 diabetes, there are more young people diagnosed with type 1 diabetes around the age of 20, and they may not even have bad Xi such as overeating and eating a lot of sweets every day, but because their own immune system is malfunctioning, the killer T cells that should treat foreign enemies begin to attack their own pancreatic β cells.
Due to the different mechanisms of disease, although type 1 sugar friends can eat any food, the amount of carbohydrates and sugar they consume at each meal needs to be carefully calculated in order to inject appropriate insulin to prevent frequent occurrence of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.
Based on this, type 1 young sugar friends may be destined to rely on insulin for the rest of their lives, not only to check their blood sugar more times than type 2, but also to encounter a greater risk of high-intensity blood sugar fluctuations. In addition, regular physical examinations should not be neglected, but the focus of different diabetic patients is slightly different.
According to several publications, early-onset type 2 diabetes is a more aggressive metabolic phenotype, and as a result, their retinopathy progresses more rapidly, as does liver and kidney function.
However, for patients with type 1 diabetes, in addition to fundus examination and liver and kidney function test, there is also a skin examination, after all, injecting insulin into the skin 4~5 times a day must be checked for malnutrition at the injection site, and find a suitable site for rotation injection.
All in all, there is a high probability that if the blood sugar control of diabetic patients around the age of 30 is poor, not to mention the "life expectancy may be shortened by 14 years" in the study results. However, if you can control your diet, exercise more, calculate the amount of insulin you inject, and have regular check-ups, young people can still live to their ideal age.
The elderly envy the healthy body of young people, but as everyone knows, in addition to the chronic disease of diabetes, there are two diseases that are more common in young adults, and if not treated in time, the consequences may be unbearable.
2. Low back and leg pain and myocarditis, two diseases that are seriously underestimated in young adults
1. 18 years old ~ 35 years old always have back pain, be careful of 3 types of diseases
Many students and office workers have backache and backache, the first reaction is caused by overwork, but this is not the only reason, at least 3 diseases are related.
The most common are chronic injuries such as ligamentitis, muscle strain, and spondylolisthesis. Most of the patients with this type of disease are engaged in occupations that require long-term desk work or hunched over, and it is also more common in pregnant women and obese groups.
It is usually caused by muscle strain and fibrosis caused by improper sedentary posture and poor blood circulation. Therefore, in addition to medical or surgical treatment, the key to preventing recurrence is to do more stretching exercises, avoid sitting for long periods of time, and relieve triggers.
The second type is lumbar disc herniation. In general, such patients will have recurrent pain in the lower back and buttocks after the disease, and the pain symptoms will gradually decrease or subside after bed rest. In this regard, many patients will think about going for massage after discovering a herniated disc in the lumbar spine. But can massage really cure lumbar disc herniation? The answer is: no.
First of all, there are 3~4cm of skin, muscle and adipose tissue from the back to the intervertebral disc of the human body, and it has to pass through the ligaments, vertebral arches, spinous processes and spinal canals behind the vertebral body before reaching the intervertebral disc.
Therefore, no matter how hard the masseuse is, it is impossible to press the disc back.
Finally, there is ankylosing spondylitis, which everyone least wants to hear.
The prevalence of this disease in the mainland is about 0.3%, or 3 out of every 1,000 people, and the cause is still unknown and there is no cure. Therefore, if you feel a "petrified" pain in your back, it is difficult to sleep and turn over, so do not delay treatment.
2. Young people who love sports need to be more vigilant against myocarditis
As the name suggests, "myocarditis" is an inflammation that occurs on the heart, which is roughly divided into three categories: chronic myocarditis, common acute myocarditis, and fulminant myocarditis, among which the most dangerous is fulminant myocarditis, which can develop to the level of heart failure fibrosis overnight, and then endanger life.
The most intractable problem with this disease is that it is too easy to overlook.
First of all, the symptoms of myocarditis are highly similar to those of a cold, both have symptoms such as palpitation, shortness of breath and chest pain, and most young people stay up late and eat irregularly, and it is difficult for them to distinguish the two by feeling when they are often in a sub-healthy state.
In addition, the symptoms and test results of myocarditis are atypical for everyone, so it is easy to be missed, and this cause also greatly accelerates the progression of the disease.
Finally, there is another reason that cannot be ignored, some people who like to exercise, do not rest after 2 weeks of cold and fever, and still insist on exercising, but this Xi habit will increase the burden of the immune system to fight viruses at the moment.
Therefore, it is not recommended for young people to work with illness, because you cannot tell whether you have a cold or myocarditis, and if you let the heart work with disease in the case of infection, the coronary arteries that nourish the heart muscle are very likely to spasm, which will cause sudden death from shock.
III. Conclusion
In summary, whether it is type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes, young patients have the possibility of shortening their life expectancy, but if they control their blood sugar in a targeted manner, it is not a problem to live to the age of 100.
In addition to chronic diseases such as diabetes, myocarditis and low back and leg pain should not be underestimated. Therefore, it is recommended that the younger you are, the more you should pay attention to your physical health, so as not to regret it when you are old and riddled with various diseases.
Literature:
【1】Life expectancy associated with different ages at diagnosis oftype 2 diabetes in high-income countries: 23 million person-years of observation.
Clinical characteristics and research progress of retinopathy in young diabetic patients[J].New Medicine,2021,52(03):170-174.
Research progress in autoimmune myocarditis[J].Jilin Medicine,2023,44(11):3145-3149.
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