Introduction: On October 14, 1911, four days after the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, Yuan Shikai, who was quietly watching the world change in Shangcun, Zhangdehuan, Henan, received an edict from the Qing government to use him, "The governor of Huguang gave Yuan Shikai a supplementary mandate and supervised the suppression of the matter." The ever-changing situation is the stage for Owl To show his fists, but he is not in a hurry to take the stage.
Faced with the increasingly uncontrollable torrent of revolution by the Manchu dynasty, the Qing government had to appoint Yuan Shikai as prime minister on November 1. On December 6, the regent Zaifeng returned the regent's seal to Empress Longyu and returned to the domain.
Yuan Shikai fishing in the village of Huanshang in Zhangde, Henan.
At this point, the central power of the Qing Dynasty had in fact fallen into the hands of Yuan Shikai. Yuan Shikai's smooth comeback is inseparable from the help of Prince Yili of Qing.
There was an old man in Putian County, Fujian Province, thousands of miles away from the capital, silently observing the development of the current situation, hearing the various performances of Yuan Shikai and Yi Li, and feeling sad in his heart. After the news of the abdication of the Qing Emperor came, Yuan Shikai, who had been impeached eight times, ascended to the highest point of Meiyang Mountain, looked north, and looked north, "Looking down at the snot like a silk, it is said that he already knew that there was today!" ”
A kind of sadness of departure vaguely arose in the old man's heart, he had already seen that Yuan Shikai was suspicious and peeping at the artifact, but he did not expect that this day would come so quickly.
His name was Jiang Chunlin, and he was extremely disappointed in the Qing court, and he had lived in seclusion at home for more than a year, but he was still thinking of the social safety of the Qing Dynasty.
Jiang Chunlin
As a royal historian, Jiang Chunlin is honest and upright. In the spring of the previous year, he was disappointed in the government and returned to his hometown because of his impeachment, which made him famous all over the world.
In addition to Prince Yili of Qing, Jiang Chunlin also named yuan shikai, the brothers of the regent Zaifeng and Zaitao, Xu Shichang, the governor of the three eastern provinces, Duan Fang, the governor of Anhui, Feng Ruqi, the governor of Jiangxi, and Cai Naihuang, the governor of Su Songtai.
In the chaotic situation, Jiang Chunlin looked back at his imperial history career, and the past was vivid, so clear, but it was like a world away.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > is aimed at imperial history</h1>
Jiang Chunlin (1855-1918), zi Zhongmo, Xingcun, late Meiyangshan, Fujian Putian. Born in Xiangmendi, his father Jiang Xilian was a tongzhi dynasty.
Jiang Chunlin was intelligent and studious from an early age, and his life was just and upright, and his moral character was noble. At the age of 20, he took the exam and set up the ambition to be a royal history, and he believed that the position of imperial history was related to the gains and losses of the government, the solidarity of all the people, the safety of the society, and the ability of the officials, so that "what the eyes see and what the ears hear can be shaped." He firmly believed that "officials can go, and the body is desirable, and the public discussion of right and wrong must not be lost." ”
Statue of Jiang Chunlin.
In the twentieth year of Guangxu (1894), Jiang Chunlin was examined as a jinshi by Shu Jishi and was awarded the Hanlin Academy for review. Being in the Hanlin Courtyard, but the heart is in the DuchaYuan, "Hanlin is responsible for poetry and writing, and the national economy and people's livelihood are not helpful." He once said to people, "You must be a royal history, do your duty, and wish it is enough." ”
Jiang Chunlin's honesty and integrity are different from his colleagues in the Hanlin Academy. Hu Sijing wrote:
"Chunlin is just straight, good at drinking, and drunk on several buckets." The wine half-lifted his hair and scolded the prince, and the smeller was stunned. ”
He is not treated by the powerful, and he does not need to be said.
The leisurely time in the Hanlin Courtyard did not make his ambition to be an iron-faced imperial history fade. In the thirtieth year of Guangxu (1904), the imperial court held an examination to select the imperial history, and Jiang Chunlin remembered the words in the "Yanzhi Pair" made when he was young: "My Confucian ambition is in the world, not for the counselor, will be safe for the emperor." "He decided to take this exam and realize his ambitions, which was almost a matter of knowing his destiny. In order to avoid his hard and thin font from being recognized by people with ulterior motives, Jiang Chunlin switched to hanging wrist writing in the examination room and changed the font. When the list was issued, it ranked first and became a royal history as desired.
Someone jokingly said: "A just person is also a hypocrite?" He laughed:
"I wanted to achieve my goal, so I had to perform a small deception. And although the font has changed, the words are also made by myself, why is there any falsity? ”
From entering the examination to becoming a royal historian of the Metropolitan Temple, ten years passed quietly.
After the Qin and Han dynasties, there was a unique structure in the Chinese political system that lasted for more than two thousand years, which placed a part of the selected officials outside the administrative process and corrected social politics by impeachment or consultation, and these people were collectively called "Yan Guan" or "YuShi". Then in the temple there was a group of speakers with the duty of "discussion". This political system embodied the political ideals of Confucianism, so the Song dynasty Ouyang Xiu once referred to Yan Guan as "a person who fought with the Son of Heaven before the establishment of the temple". The reason why officials were able to argue right and wrong in the imperial court was because they had the deliberations of the scholars and doctors of that era as a whole.
The Inspector Yushi of the Qing Dynasty Metropolitan Inspection Yuan was responsible for supervising and participating in the impeachment of the Capital Division and local officials, and enjoyed the functions and powers of the Wind and Rumors, and had a certain degree of independence. Goshi could also take advantage of Shangshu Chen's opportunity to participate in the discussion of major state events.
After becoming a royal historian, Jiang Chunlin played continuously and achieved diligence and courage. The extant "Meiyang Jiang Shu Yu Gong Discussion" contains 67 pieces of Jiang Chunlin's six years of imperial history, which can be divided into three categories: the great plan of the state, the hardships of the people's feelings, and the impeachment of pro-noble ministers. Among them, the emperor is the one who participated in the impeachment of Yuan Shikai and Yi Li. A hundred years later, re-reading these references, you can still feel the sincerity of a conscience of the imperial history.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Yuan Shikai's foot disease</h1>
On August 20, 1908 (September 15, 1908), Yuan Shikai, Minister of Military Aircraft and Minister of Foreign Affairs, held a feast at his home to celebrate his fiftieth birthday. In a letter to The Times correspondent Mo Lixun, The Times' Beijing correspondent, Xi Zaiming, the legal adviser to the Qing government, described Yuan Shikai's birthday feast: "No Chinese official has ever had a grander birthday celebration than this" "The front and inner courtyards, the corridors, and the living rooms of the spacious Yuan Mansion are all densely packed with officials, and the magnates in Beijing are all everywhere." ”
Among the guests at Yingmen, Jiang Chunlin, who had previously participated in the impeachment of Yuan Shikai and had never stabbed Yuan Tong, also shi Shiran came to Yuan Mansion to wish Yuan Shikai a happy birthday, "people are salty and different", thinking that Jiang Chunlin wanted to reconcile with Yuan.
No one would have guessed Jiang Chunlin's purpose.
On October 3, Jiang Chunlin wrote in "Impeaching the Military Aircraft Minister Yuan Shikai's Power is Too Heavy", and he wrote what he saw at Yuan Shikai's birthday party in this compromise, "The letter to Prince Shi is all about a certain prince, a person without a name, and the brothers who worship are even more unheard of before." On the birthday of Shi Kai, prince Yi Li of Qing signed the title of Zhu, and Pei Zi Zaizhen called Yuan Shikai the fourth brother, while he called himself Ru Brother, and the couplet was seen by everyone. ”
In this 2,000-word impeachment, Jiang Chunlin has actually exposed Yuan Shikai's twelve counts: traffic pro-nobility, control of Taiwan advice, the introduction of private dependents, entanglement of zombie subjects, remote military handles, yin harvest of soldiers' hearts, returning to the holy dynasty, submerging foreign countries, abusing military rewards, sabotaging the election law, suddenly honoring nobles, and sheltering the same sect from afar. Prove that its power is too heavy, and predict its consequences are unimaginable. He wrote: "Since ancient times, when power was treacherous and stolen, it has never been known without being loyal to the Lord, and its prestige has become increasingly popular, and it is doubtful to cross the ride, and it has been difficult to ride the tiger, and it has been difficult to ride the tiger, and it has not been a subject."
Qu Duzhi, the head of the Republic of China, said in the "Records of what Yuan Shi Huang heard" that when Yuan Shikai was in a strong position and did not dare to raise his front, Jiang Chunlin was "enough to be a sunrise and a phoenix."
Jiang Chunlin proposed that Yuan Shikai's power should be suppressed, otherwise the country would not be strong and his family would perish. Jiang Chunlin's evidence of this omission was conclusive and his words were earnest, and the Guangxu Emperor "saw the pain and wept bitterly", but because he was afraid of Empress Dowager Cixi, he did not dare to send it. Although Empress Dowager Cixi did not punish Yuan Shikai, she reprimanded him severely when summoned.
Yuan Shikai, who was reprimanded, was so frightened that he was so restless that he said in a letter to his family that when he left the palace, he "frightened the emperor and fell to the ground from the palace steps, and fell to his right leg." The "foot disease" caused by this fall also became an excuse for the regent Zaifeng to open his vacancy on January 6, 1909, Yuan Shikai "is now suffering from a foot disease, walking difficultly, and it is difficult to perform his duties. At this time, it was only three months before Jiang Chunlin folded yuan shikai.
Yuan Shikai was deposed, and although Yi Li lost strong reinforcements in the dprk, his protégés and former officials were still all over the world. Jiang Chunlin shangshu, "Although Shi Kai is gone, Yi Li is still staying, striking grass to frighten snakes, and returning the tiger to the mountain, for the disaster is more urgent." He was summoned by the Prince Regent to praise him, but did not take his word.
Prince Qing's reputation was infamous, and his greed and shamelessness naturally could not escape the eyes of outsiders. Brown, the Acting British Consul in Chongqing at the end of the Qing Dynasty, mentioned in a letter: "Prince Qing's desire for money is endless, and nothing can be accomplished unless he first pays him." In the "Biography of Corrupt Officials", the old official said that "Yi Li was the first sinner of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in the imperial family".
A cartoon satirizing Prince Qing's selling of officials.
The imperial historians of the Metropolitan Inspection Yuan participated in the impeachment of Yi Li several times, such as Yu Shi Jiang Shi Yao's impeachment of Yi Xi's corruption, Lu Chuanlin and other investigations were found, Jiang Shi Yao was instead returned to the Hanlin Yuan; Yu Shi Zhao Qilin was dismissed from his post for participating in the impeachment of accepting bribes of 100,000 taels and his son Zai Zhen Na Duan Zhigui's singing prostitute Yang Cuixi was the inspector of Duan Zhigui.
Yi Li is undoubtedly a political tumbler, but Jiang Chunlin does not believe that Yi Li has a King Kong protective body, and he has been waiting for the opportunity to impeach Yi Li. In December 1909, the death of Dai Hongci, the minister of military aircraft, made Jiang Chunlin feel that the time for impeachment of Yi Li was not waiting for me, and he was worried that Yi Li would "recommend private individuals or misuse the old and cowardly to feed them.", then "the overall situation is bad, how can it be imagined."
In the spring of the second year of Xuan reunification (1910), Jiang Chunlin resolutely went to the fiercely worded "Impeaching the Old Adulterers and Thieves of the Qing King", which made it directly shock the government and the opposition, and the "Ta Kung Pao" wrote: "People from all walks of life, Su Mujiang, who served the name of Yu Zhongzhi, were eager to see it first, and for a while they passed on money, and suddenly made the Luoyang paper expensive." ”
Jiang Chunlin's imperial career thus reached its peak and came to an end.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > "the first person to advise since the light of the proclamation"</h1>
In this letter of impeachment of Prince Qing, Jiang Chunlin briefly reviewed the history of Qing and Yuan Pengbi's adultery since the Coup d'état, pointing out that at the beginning of Yuan Shikai's dismissal, Yi Xi and his henchmen were "afraid of danger", and people in the world thought that the taiping and prosperous world were just around the corner. However, after Yi Li saw that the imperial court "meant that the Lord was quiet", the old state returned to cuteness. Whenever his henchmen are impeached, he will do his best to excuse them; when there is a vacancy, he brazenly introduces his henchmen to fill it. Yuan Shikai has been absent from his hometown, but Shuzhong is still implicated.
In this compromise, Jiang Chunlin pointed out that Inspector Baodi of Jiangsu, Inspector Enshou of Shaanxi, and Inspector Sun Baoqi and Yi Li of Shandong were his relatives; Zhilin, the envoy of Shanxi Province, was his nephew; Heng Ji, the envoy of Zhejiang Yanyun, was an old man in his residence; Chen Kuilong, the governor of Zhejiang, was his son-in-law; Zhu Lun, the son of Zhu Jiabao, the governor of Anhui, was the son of his son Zaizhen; Xu Shichang, the governor of posts, was recommended by Yuan Shikai; Zhang Renjun, the governor of Liangjiang, and Feng Ruqi, the governor of Jiangxi, were relatives of Yuan Shikai, and through Yuan Shikai, they attached themselves to YiLi.
"The old traitor steals the position, and attracts more bandits", the facts are obvious.
After Chunlin's dismissal, the emperor said, "Jiang Chunlin played the Prince of Samqing Yi Li a fold, the imperial court was humble and sincere, and the group's words were widely spoken, but it must be pointed out that Chen was indeed enough to know right from wrong, and the imperial history played by the governor Chen Kuilong was the son-in-law of Yi Li's cadre and the son of Zhu Jiabao, the governor of Anhui, and Zhu Lun, the son of Zhu Jiabao, the governor of Anhui, for the various sections of Zai Zhen's cadres, and what was the basis for the results?" Jiang Chunlin understood the echo and admired it. ”
Jiang Chunlin immediately went to the "Obeying the Instructions to Understand the Echoes" and made an explicit echo of the requirements of the Emperor, saying:
"Didn't the ministers know that Jiang Shiyan and Zhao Qilin both dismissed officials with impeachment, and that they would only use the Shuyuan to emphasize the land, fearing or drawing on private individuals to miss the overall situation, provoking loyalty, and daring to be blunt."
Jiang Chunlin's list of Connections in the Compromise is well known to all the dynasties, but the Emperor said that Jiang Chunlin's reference to the fold "involves trivial matters, weaves many people" and "arbitrarily involves, absurdity is extreme." He also rebuked:
"The two acts of the imperial history are indeed rumors and disorderly government, which hinder the overall situation, and the pro-noble and important ministers should not be arbitrarily slandered, that is, the reputation of the internal and external ministers should not be lightly slandered." It seems that this statement is intended to be a good name, but it is not called the office of an official. Jiang Chunlin walked back to the original yamen to show a weak punishment. ”
Jiang Chunlin's patronage and the court's favoritism for the nobles caused a shock at all levels of the government and the public, and officials and celebrities in the court expressed concern about the case; public opinion inside and outside the Beijing Division was in an uproar, and the national press reported on the matter one after another, and they were uneven, hoping that the imperial court would take back its life.
Chen Tian, Zhao Binglin, and Hu Sijing, who were also imperial historians, immediately asked the imperial court to take back their orders, and were reprimanded by the regent: "The ministers must not harbor private opinions and fine deeds, and if they dare to try arbitrarily, they will be punished." ”
Hu Sijing believed that it was rare for Yu Shi to return to the original Yamen line, and that since the beginning of Jiang Shiyan of The Counselor Yi Li, Zhao Qilin had also been dismissed from his post because of the impeachment of Yi Li, and now Jiang Chunlin's restoration was like this, which was tantamount to opening this example for the Qingdi.
In response to the words of the upper edict "Mao Ju Xiao Zhi", the Ta Kung Pao wrote: "The original fold of the Guan Jiang YuShi is actually concerned about the overall situation, and it is urgent to make statements, and it is definitely not the ratio of 'Mao Ju Xiao Zhi'. ”
At the meeting of the Metropolitan Inspection Yuan, Yushi Zhao Binglin suggested that the Imperial Court should be abolished, "Looking at the imperial court's recent events in the imperial court, those who cite the small ones will be 'gross and meticulous', and those who impeach the big ones will also be 'rumored and chaotic', if these multiple parties are clamped down, why should all the deficiencies of the imperial history be set up in vain", so he suggested that "all the imperial histories should be dismissed from the imperial history, so as not to set up the post of official in vain."
Fifty-eight members of the Metropolitan Inspection Yuan, headed by Zhonglian zhonglian in the matter, jointly signed the "Folding of the Decree on the Path of Song Yan Without Following", which means:
"In the future, if a noble and noble courtier encounters a piece that should be performed, can he still participate in it?" Please make it clear that you will obey it."
He expressed the strong dissatisfaction of Tsurugi. In this regard, Liang Qichao wrote an article in the "Guofeng Bao" highly praised: "Since the establishment of the Imperial History Platform in the Han Dynasty, the most prestigious history of the Taiwan Dynasty may be arrested today. "There are still those who have a clear qi, and the only one is the Imperial Observatory."
Under the pressure of public opinion, Yi Li, who was impeached, knew that he was not tolerated by the Qing deliberations and had not been included in the value for several days.
The "Declaration" ridiculed: "Those who celebrate the residence and know people's feelings, Shangken Zhao Yan leader Zhu Shuchen Yes? "Ironically, Yi Xi did not take the initiative to step down, it is really not a face.
Beijing Guanghe Lou has a cloud of unnamed inscription wall poems:
"A second generation of dry grandfathers, a joyous family." As usual, you should call The Grid, please Ann should not call Daddy. A new model was opened in the qi king's mansion, and Jiang Ling returned with an old ya. Er zi zhang weng make tiles, parasitic grass to parasitic flowers. ”
The poem is Wing Chun Lin impeaching Yi Li, and Yi Li's reputation is even more unbearable.
After this battle, Jiang Chunlin's voice shook the government and the opposition, and the people of the world could not help but admire it.
Jiang Chunlin rented a house alone in the south of Xuanwu City, because he did not have a car, every time he had to go to the court early the next morning to present a seal, he "took the crown of clothes and hired an Oriental car to stay in the house, although the wind and snow were like this." "His misery does not drop out of his post.
After Jiang Chunlin's wife died the year before, he could not return because he was important to official affairs, and could only send back his autographed elegy:
"Thirty years of short and long scenery, former coaching, post-eunuch travel, soul dreams and mountains frequently isolated; six thousand miles of life and death, do not know, do not see, the heart is also sad!" 」
Someone advised him to take a concubine, and Chunlin replied, "I think there is an old mother, otherwise I am ready to go to the vegetable market!" Shang Ho Na concubine! ”
Back to the Hanlin Courtyard that came out of six years ago, Jiang Chunlin was "always depressed and unsatisfied." Say to people:
"If you don't do it, if you don't listen, why don't you go?" If you want to celebrate the prince, you are naturally ready to lose your official position. ”
His intention to leave had been decided, but he submitted his resignation to the Hanlin Yuan, saying that his mother and old wife were deceased, so as to stay for the rest of his life, and to leave the south, that is, to return to the forest.
The straight road is treasured by the world, and the public opinion is in the human world.
Jiang Chunlin's relatives and friends and people who admired him and did not know him came to the door to ask for a meeting and express their condolences and admiration. Jiang Chunlin is a clean and honest official, with a clean wind in his sleeves, and a natural eunuch who is shy. All the imperial historians of the Metropolitan Inspection Academy knew their feelings, collected two thousand taels of silver and gave them each other, and Jiang Chunlin composed a poem to thank him.
Before Jiang Chunlin left Beijing, when the various ministries and procuratorates were electing members of the Senior Council, Jiang Chunlin once told zhu Yin of the Hanlin Yuan that he should not be elected, "After resigning, it will become a void vote." "But the person who got the most votes from the Hanlin Academy is still Jiang Chunlin." They wanted to elect Jiang Chunlin as a member of the Senior Council so that he could continue to stay in the capital, but the disheartened Jiang Chunlin was reluctant to talk to Wen Zheng again.
When Jiang Chunlin returned home from the south, all walks of life in Beijing initiated a meeting at the Huguang Guild Hall to bid farewell to Jiang Chunlin, and more than 700 people arrived.
After the public banquet of Jiang Chunlin, all the officials and friends of the Metropolitan Inspection Bureau took a group photo, jiang Chunlin was in the center, and the imperial envoys of the main and deputy capitals sat next to each other. Jiang Chunlin said to all taiwan's colleagues and friends: "When reading for children, the old mother will be admonished from time to time with words such as loyalty to the monarchy and encouragement, and this time when the crown is returned, although the imperial history is abandoned, the old mother can also tell herself that she is not ashamed!" ”
On the day that Jiang Chunlin left Beijing, all the students of the Min Xuetang lined up to send them to the station in a musical line to say goodbye. Lin Xiang, who is also a fellow Fujian villager, sent Guo Xiang to send it, saying that Jiang Chunlin "returned to the dress but we attacked several times, and there was nothing else outside the shirt." Lin Shu painted the "Meiyang Guiyin Map", and later called Jiang Chunlin "the first person to advise the official since Guangxuan".
Although "out of the capital to send the departers out of the city", "to the road congestion, not allowed." "But the noise of sending off, after all, can't hide his unbridled loneliness." With nostalgia and disappointment, Jiang Chunlin's silhouette and the city of Beijing behind him gradually drifted away.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the consequences of curbing the speaker</h1>
At the beginning of the twentieth century, with the development of the New Deal at the end of the Qing Dynasty, in addition to the empress, there were four major political forces in the DPRK, namely, the Turbid Forces represented by Yuan Shikai and Yi Li; the Qingliu Forces represented by Qu Hongyu and Cen Chunxuan; the Laochen Forces composed of Zhang Zhidong, Lu Chuanlin, and Sun Jianai; and the Pro-Noble Forces with Zaifeng as the core.
In addition to the unclear political attitude of the old ministers, the struggle between the Qingyuan forces and the anti-Yuan camp formed by the combination of Qingliu, pro-noble, and official speech was the most powerful.
The Yan officials who took the Position of the Metropolitan Inspection Bureau always stood on the anti-Yuan Shikai stand, and at the beginning of the regency of Zaifeng, out of the need to pro-noble and centralize power, they encouraged the Yan officials to participate in the impeachment of the ministers and adopted more of his opinions. Zaifeng was a joint official, and in the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), he specially summoned Jiang Chunlin and Zhao Binglin to meet the two imperial historians, and the "Qing Barnyard Notes" said that "the yuanyuan was in the right place, it has been extinct for thirty years, and once it is seen again, the Taiwan Counsel is full of wind, and the sea is moving, and there are seven imperial histories that are handed over on the same day, called extremely prosperous." ”
Jiang Chunlin was given the title of Imperial Historian of the First Rank, but the regent Zaifeng was not named. According to the Qing system, the imperial history name can be released, and zaifeng's move is actually "specially reserved for the use of the ears and eyes of the direct subjects, and do not want to let it go." It can be seen that he attaches great importance to Jiang Chunlin, the leader of the speech officials.
However, the honeymoon period between the pro-noble and the official was very short.
Loaded.
By the beginning of the Xuan reunification, Yuan Shikai, Qu Hongyu, and Cen Chunxuan had all been deposed, the Qingliu forces had withdrawn from the political stage, the old ministers withered away, the pro-nobles competed for the centralization of power, and there was no more fear, and the officials pointed the spearhead at the pro-nobles.
Therefore, Jiang Chunlin's participation in the impeachment of Yi Li was undoubtedly the precedent for the opening officials to participate in the impeachment of the pro-nobles, and Zaifeng was afraid that Jiang Chunlin would set this precedent and attract the officials to attack the pro-noble centralized power policy in the imperial court.
He remembered that Jiang Chunlin had already participated in the impeachment of his brothers Zaitao and Zaixun before, and he had already been geng in his arms, and he had long wanted to "take revenge for his brother" for jie. This time, Jiang Chunlin once again asked Zaifeng to use Han chinese in the name of participating in the impeachment of King Qing, which made Zaifeng even more annoyed, so Zaifeng decided to kill chickens and monkeys. In Shen Raojiang Chunlin's edict, Zaifeng publicly declared to the officials that "pro-noble and important ministers should not be arbitrarily slandered."
This small punishment of Jiang Chunlin was also a wake-up call to The Taiwan Counsel. "Whoever has the slightest relationship with the words and the road will not be sent, nor will he send any officials." Therefore, the old people Ruo Zuo Shaozuo and Chen Tian were silent, but the newcomers to taiwan wanted to see themselves, and when they went to Chen, they were slightly tired. Zaifeng's refusal to give advice achieved the effect of clamping down on the mouth of the imperial history expected on the issue of pro-noble and centralized power.
Although the mouth of the imperial history was clamped down, the imperial court was already ugly. "Jiang Chunlin was reprimanded for Yi Li, and the spin was returned to the rear, and the shilin respected each other and composed poems. The newspaper was also vigorously publicized, and the ugly voices of the imperial court were broadcast loudly. ”
Before the Opening of the National Assembly and the establishment of democratic politics, the officials of the Metropolitan Inspection Bureau actually shouldered the heavy burden of supervising the operation of government power, and the pro-noble and centralized power was especially contrary to the spirit of constitutionalism. Jiang Chunlin's ridicule of words greatly displeased the gentry who were inclined to establish a constitution.
The Fujian Consultative Bureau in his hometown sent a telegram of condolences to Jiang Chunlin: To be reprimanded directly, it is painful for the overall situation! The Congress has not been established, and the mouth of the world has been sent to Taiwan for advice, and the reading of the grass has no end in admiration.
Tang Shouqian, the leader of the Zhejiang Constitutionalist Faction, who was equally famous as Zhang Xiao of Jiangsu, sent a telegram to Jiang Chunlinyun:
For the pain of the overall situation, for the sake of public congratulations, return to the office to raise Mo Fei Guoen, and go south to drink a bitter drink during the Shanghai period.
Zhang Jian.
The "Declaration" records that when Jiang Chunlin Road passed through Shanghai, "all walks of life rushed to welcome it." On April 24th, 14 groups, including the Preparatory Constitutional Association, the National Assembly Comrades' Association, the Chinese Merchants Association, the Business Association, the Fujian Hometown Association, the Fujian Student Union, the Fuzhou Funing Commercial Association, the Xinghua Commercial Association, the Jiangsu Education Federation, the Shanghai General Chamber of Commerce, the Hunan Business Branch, the Nanshi Merchants Association, the Shanghai Business Research Association, and the Chamber of Commerce, jointly held a meeting in Zhang's Weiyuan Garden, with more than 5,000 guests.
After returning to his hometown of Putian, "the people of the county gathered at the Minglun Hall of Fuxue to welcome the imperial attendants into the city, and there were more than 10,000 participants... Nearly three hundred years after Huang Weixuan returned to the scepter and the Pu people met and welcomed here, they can see it now! ”
What all circles admire is that Jiang Chunlin is strong and decisive, loyal and clear, not for coercion, not for inducements. But it also shows a subtle shift in the psychology of the gentry, and the rift between them and the centralized, disobedient Qing court widened.
Zhao Qilin, who had already served as one of the "Mitsubishi Companies" of Sichuan's envoys, was "re-resisted and impeached qingdi" because of Jiang Chunlin's arrest, but he did not report it, and when he saw the matter, he could no longer do anything, and "begged for bones" and carried "Xu Zhi"; Yushi Husijing sank into the sea with the stones on the top of the dredge, leaving the "Seven Farewell Poems" floating away.
After a long period of stagnation, they each made their own efforts to recreate the last sound and dignity for the traditional Chinese way of speech.
Outspoken counselors left one after another, and unsupervised pro-nobles competed for power and profit. On May 8, 1911, the introduction of the "Imperial Cabinet" pushed the pro-aristocratic centralization of power to the peak, and also brought the last bit of confidence and hope of the constitutionalists who supported Qing court rule to the bottom.
The autumn insects are still chirping in the moonlight of the Forbidden City, the heavens and the earth are clean, and the wind and shadow are unique, but the Qing Dynasty is not far from the end. The gunshots of the Wuchang uprising came, and the lonely Qing Dynasty dragged its lonely back to the end.