Lü Pheasant, as the first empress and empress dowager in Chinese history, her name is destined to go down in history. At the same time, she was also the first person to open the system of dynastic and the dictatorship of her relatives. It can be said that Lu Pheasant has set a very bad example for many women in the later period. But it is undeniable that although she is sometimes ruthless, under her governance, the Western Han Dynasty was able to move forward smoothly after the war. At that time, the Western Han Dynasty was faced with the continuous provocations of the Xiongnu, and Liu Bang even took his own life in order to solve the problem of the Xiongnu. Lu Pheasant is the same, her son Liu Ying has a cowardly personality after ascending the throne, and she can only take charge alone. When the king of the Xiongnu knew that Liu Bang had died, he actually wrote a love letter to Lu Pheasant saying that he would make her the Yan clan, and Lu Pheasant was furious when he found out and almost sent troops to destroy the Xiongnu. From the end of the Qin Dynasty, the war lasted for many years, Liu Bang joined the rebel army in his thirties, and by the time he established the Western Han Dynasty and became emperor, he was already in his fifties. The rivalry between him and Xiang Yu alone lasted for almost twenty years.
Therefore, at the beginning of the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, the places that had been slaughtered by the war were in ruins. And on the Xiongnu side, when Liu Bang and Xiang Yu were fighting, they were not idle, and they were also fighting infighting, and later Morton finally quelled the infighting by killing his father and establishing himself as the king. After the Huns ended the war, they began to fight the idea of the Western Han Dynasty. This is also something that cannot be helped, it is very easy for the Central Plains region to recover, after all, the land here is fertile and the materials are abundant, but it just takes time. But the Xiongnu were different, they had nothing to develop in the north except for the steppe. It would be difficult to feed so many herders if you relied on some animal husbandry alone. So the only way was to go south and plunder the grain and property of the people of the Central Plains. In this way, the Huns violated the interests of the Han Dynasty, and Liu Bang would definitely not sit idly by. He felt that Xiang Yu was so powerful that he had become a defeated general under his command, and the Huns were not enough to worry about. But he underestimated the strength of the Huns, and this group of people who grew up in the steppe were particularly good at fighting.
The Western Han Dynasty had just experienced war, and all parts of the country were still in the stage of repair, and now it was a bit unbearable to encounter such a powerful enemy. It didn't take long for Mao Dunshan Yu to unify the Mongolian steppe tribes with his powerful power and establish the Xiongnu Empire. They were located in the north and south of the desert and directly posed a powerful threat to the Western Han Dynasty. Later, Han Wangxin betrayed Liu Bang and cooperated with the Xiongnu, which made the border more and more unstable. So Liu Bang decided to drive the expedition in person, and he must give the Huns a look. During the Battle of Baideng, Liu Bang was surrounded by Mao Dun Shanyu's 400,000 troops in Pingcheng, and the two sides were in a stalemate here for seven days and seven nights. Seeing that the supply of grain and grass was about to be insufficient, Liu Bang was also very anxious, and later Chen Ping suggested that he send some gold and silver treasures to the Yan family, and asked her to tell Morton that Shan Yu had the help of the gods in the Han Dynasty, and if the stalemate continued, it would only hurt both sides. In the end, this gift worked, and Mao Dunshan ordered the corner of the encirclement to be lifted, and Liu Bang was able to escape and join the army. Otherwise, Liu Bang is estimated to be there this time. Lv Hou Lin Dynasty weighed the system.
Liu Bang died shortly after returning from Baidengping City, and his son Liu Ying ascended to the throne. However, because he was still young and had no qualifications, Liu Bang confessed in his last words to let Lu Pheasant assist him in handling state affairs behind his back. Since then, Lu Pheasant has been in charge alone, Liu Ying has lived under her mother's high-pressure policy all the year round, and her personality has become submissive, and he does not dare to overturn Lu Pheasant's decision. As soon as Lü Pheasant took power, he began to act in retaliation. First of all, in order for his son to sit firmly on the throne, he gave other princes a prestige in various names, or directly killed him. It is also cruel to those concubines who compete with her for favor on weekdays, and the most well-known thing is the incident in which she made Mrs. Qi a "human biao". Then came the reform of the system, and she abolished Qin Shi Huang's "book coercion law", which was a policy he had adopted to burn books and pit Confucianism. Lü Pheasant believed that this prohibition was a "bad law" that should be abolished, and began to encourage the common people to collect books, and gradually restored the old system.
Later, he ordered people to start building the Great Wall, in addition to wanting to resist foreign invasion, another reason was to continue the achievements of Qin Shi Huang. It can be seen that Lu Pheasant is a vigorous and resolute woman, and many of her practices are mixed, such a woman is a typical case, and it is a special existence in the society at that time. The Xiongnu's Mao Dunshan Yu also admired Lü Pheasant very much, and when he learned of Liu Bang's death, he wrote a letter to Lü Pheasant. The general content is like this: My Yan family has just died, and now I am alone, and you have just died of your husband, since we are both single, it is better to become husband and wife to exchange something, and I just want to go to the Central Plains to travel. After reading such a letter, Lu Pheasant felt the frivolity and insult in it, and immediately became furious and threatened to send troops to attack the Xiongnu. In fact, before Liu Bang died, he had negotiated with Mao Dunshan Yu that he would not make a big deal for the time being, and the Western Han Dynasty would give them food and treasures every year, and also send the princess to them and relatives.
After Empress Lü came to power, he continued Liu Bang's foreign policy and did not want to take the initiative to send troops to attack the Xiongnu. But Mao Dunshan was so angry with these words that she had the idea of sending troops. At that time, many ministers in the court expressed their support, but Zhonglang General Jibu stood up to stop this behavior. Lu Hou's response. A woman in power was treated lightly by a strange man, and no one could swallow her anger, not to mention that person was Empress Lu. However, Lu Pheasant's words about attacking the Xiongnu were completely unthinking and an impulsive act. Does Mao Dunshan really want to marry Lu Pheasant here? Not necessarily. He wrote that letter for two purposes, one was that if Lu Pheasant really agreed, it would be equivalent to half of the Western Han Dynasty being owned by him, and it would be easy for him to invade the Western Han regime at that time. Second, if Lu Pheasant didn't agree, or even got angry enough to send troops to attack him, then he just tore up the contract with Liu Bang and met with the Western Han Dynasty. But at this time, the Western Han Dynasty was in decline and was not an opponent of the Huns at all.
Solu Pheasant's decision was very wrong, but fortunately, Zhonglang saw Ji Bu clearly and reminded her that "Gaozu did not take advantage of the war with the Xiongnu, and could only adopt the policy of harmony, which was in exchange for the time for the social and economic recovery of the Western Han Dynasty, because now the Han Dynasty is not the opponent of the Xiongnu, and it is better to continue to make peace." Fortunately, Lu Pheasant listened to the advice, and finally after thinking about it, he replied to Mao Dunshan Yu with a letter: "I am old and decrepit, my hair is gray, and my teeth are loose, it is really not suitable to be your Yan family, I will find you a princess!" By the way, I will send you a few more horses and gold and silver treasures to apologize." Lu Pheasant's weakness showed weakness, which made Mao Dunshan have no choice, and in the end he could only laugh at the princess, and there was no longer a reason to raise troops to attack. Since then, the Western Han Dynasty has also gained a social foundation for benign development. I have to say that Lu Pheasant is a very wise woman, if it weren't for her, Liu Ying alone would not be able to support such a situation alone. But then again, her ruthlessness and scheming are really terrifying.
[Three netizens' comments on this]1. Netizen A: Although Lu Pheasant has some radical means, her decisiveness and wisdom are admirable, and she will do whatever it takes for the security and stability of the country. 2. Netizen B: Lu Pheasant's decision is a bit impulsive, she should think more calmly before making a decision. Diplomacy is a better way to solve problems, rather than starting a war based on blood alone. 3. Netizen C: Lu Pheasant's revenge is too cruel, and she should handle state affairs with benevolence, not violence and malice. Summary: As the ruler of the Western Han Dynasty, Lü Pheasant's decisiveness and wisdom played a positive role in the development of the country. However, her methods are too cruel and lack charity. She should be more calm and rational in dealing with state affairs, and solve problems through diplomatic means, rather than with violence and malice. Personal Opinion and Advice: Lü Pheasant's decisiveness and wisdom did contribute to the development of the Western Han Dynasty, but her methods were too cruel and lacked humanitarianism.
As a ruler, one should pay more attention to the interests of the country and the people rather than personal self-interest. It is suggested that future rulers should pay more attention to benevolence and goodwill when dealing with state affairs, resolve disputes through diplomatic means, and promote peaceful development. [Question]: Do you think Lu Pheasant's policies and methods are correct? How should she better handle the affairs of the state?