Catalyst refactoring! Zhou Haiqing, Yufang Zhang YanAM: Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution, 1 A cm2 stable operation
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Lead:
Green hydrogen energy has been one of the hot topics in the global energy sector, with the potential to replace traditional fossil fuels, but the technology to produce green hydrogen has always faced challenges. The latest research shows that an amorphous bimetallic catalyst prepared by using room temperature stirring strategy can significantly reduce the energy consumption of hydrogen production from electrolysis of water, and provide a feasible way to achieve large-scale green hydrogen energy production.
This article will delve into the key findings and technical details of this research.
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In the face of growing global energy demand and the challenges of climate change, finding clean energy alternatives to traditional fossil fuels has become a top priority. Wind, tidal, solar and hydrogen are considered emerging clean energy sources with great potential. However, these renewable energy sources still have some limitations in terms of sustainability and stability, especially in the face of climate and seasonal challenges. It is in this context that the production of hydrogen energy by electrocatalytic water cracking technology has become an area of great concern because of its highly sustainable and environmentally friendly properties.
Electrocatalytic water cracking involves two key reaction processes: hydrogen evolution (HER) at the cathode and oxygen evolution (OER) at the anode. OER requires higher potentials and the use of precious metal catalysts compared to HER, so it has been considered a critical step to limit the efficiency of the entire process. Precious metals such as iridium oxide (IrO2) and ruthenium oxide (RuO2) were once considered the best OER catalysts, but their high cost and limited supply severely limited their large-scale applications.
Therefore, researchers are actively looking for low-cost, abundantly available electrocatalysts to achieve lower OER overpotentials.
Over the past two decades, a variety of materials, including transition metal oxides, phosphides, sulfides, nitrides, and (oxygen) hydroxides, have been developed and used in OER electrocatalysts. In particular, iron (Fe)-based materials, such as iron hydroxide (FeOOH), have attracted attention because of their low cost, high abundance, and good activity in alkaline electrolytes.
However, the application of FeOOH in electrocatalysis is subject to a series of limitations, mainly including its low conductivity and unstable structure. To overcome these problems, researchers have been exploring ways to improve the OER performance of FeOOH by constructing its heterogeneous structure with other metal-based materials.
For example, a research team has developed a novel FeOOH/Co/FeOOH hybrid nanotube array, in which the Co intermediate layer improves electron transport and significantly improves OER performance. But even so, the overpotential of FeOOH-based heterostructures is still unsatisfactory and cannot be stable under high current density conditions.
In addition, the preparation process of some synthetic FeOOH-based heterostructured electrocatalysts is complex, requires harsh growth conditions, and may even produce toxic by-products. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a simple and environmentally friendly preparation method to obtain high-performance FeOOH-based heterostructured electrocatalysts.
This provides a feasible way to prepare high-performance OER electrocatalysts for practical water cracking applications under high current density conditions.
In the latest study, scientists used a room temperature stirring strategy to successfully prepare an amorphous bimetallic FeOOH/Co(OH)2 heterostructure microsheet array catalyst. Surprisingly, this catalyst only requires ultra-low overpotentials of 290 and 304 mV in basic media to achieve high current densities of up to 500 and 1000 mA/cm², respectively.
To understand the reasons for this result, the research team conducted extensive analysis and research.
In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman analysis revealed the effect of in situ Fe doping on the reconstruction of Co(OH)2 to the active phase of Co1-xFexOOH, which became the true active site of the catalyst and greatly promoted the OER reaction.
In addition, the calculation results of density functional theory support this theory, showing that the reconstructed Co1-xFexOOH layer can reduce the energy barrier of the rate-determining step, thereby improving the reaction kinetics. Eventually, the researchers assembled an alkaline electrolyzer that could provide a current density of 500mA/cm² at a low voltage of 1.613V, far superior to quotients
Industry catalyst.
This year's Nobel Prize winner, she has the daughter of a Beijing Olympic champion
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Lead:
One evening in Stockholm, when I learned that Katalin Kaliko and Drew Weissmann had won the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, my mind drifted to the Olympic Sports Center swimming pool in Hangzhou. This news, like a shocking bomb, ignited my curiosity. In the journey of scientific research, Carrico has always been the tenacious and persistent scientist, and her daughter Susan Francia is a legend in the Olympic field.
The story of the two women weaves a chapter of perseverance and struggle, and also outlines the delicate relationship between family and career. This is not only a blessing, but also an encouragement. Let's explore together what made them persevere and work hard in the face of setbacks, and ultimately achieve glory.
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As night fell, the news came and reminded me of the days of cheering in the swimming pool. Katarin Kaliko, the scientific superstar, is widely praised for her outstanding contributions to the development of mRNA coronavirus vaccines. Before her, however, she was better known for her daughter, Susan Francia, who fought bravely in the Olympic arena.
These two outstanding women, each with perseverance and struggle, wrote their own legends. Let's travel through time and space, into their lives, and glimpse the power of perseverance and struggle.
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Katalin Kaliko and Drew Weissmann, two women who have created legends in science, have used their wisdom and perseverance to promote the breakthrough of mRNA new crown vaccine technology. When the light of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine shines on them, the world is shocked. However, behind this light is Carrico's unknown persistence. She has faced numerous failures and been fired many times, but she has remained unyielding.
In 2013, she went alone to a small company in Germany and began a new round of exploration. Her story, like a legend, has inspired countless people to forge ahead, brave difficulties and persist in pursuing their dreams.
At the same time, in Carrico's family, there is an equally brave and resilient woman, she is Carrico's daughter Susan Francia. In her career, facing countless challenges and difficulties, Susan Francia chose to move forward, withstand pressure, and constantly break through herself. In the Olympic Games, her courage and wisdom impressed people.
Her success is not only a victory for herself, but also the best reward for her mother's persistence and support.
Perseverance is a quality shared by Carrico mother and daughter. On the road of scientific research, Carrico is indomitable, as is Susan Francia. Their persistence not only won them honor, but also let the world see the power of women. Perhaps, behind every success, there are countless persistence and efforts. It is this perseverance that makes Carrico and Francia become our heroes in our hearts, and it also inspires more people to move forward bravely and never give up on the journey of life.
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For countless nights, Katalin Karico walked alone in a silent laboratory, using her sweat and wisdom to expand human understanding of disease. At this moment, her daughter Susan Francia was also in the field of the distant arena, sweating her youth and winning honors for her motherland. This is the history of the struggle of two women, a story of perseverance and faith. Whether it is Carrico's laboratory or Francia's arena, their tenacious will and unremitting efforts are shining. It is this kind of effort that has allowed them to achieve outstanding achievements in their respective fields and make them role models of the times.
On the journey of life, we may all encounter setbacks, big or small, or clear
Dark. But it is these setbacks that sharpen our will and shape our character. Katalin Karico and Susan Francia tell us from their own experiences that no matter when and where, as long as we persevere and forge ahead, we will be able to overcome all difficulties and usher in a bright future.
In this eventful autumn, let us face the challenges of life with perseverance and courage, like Catalin Carrico and Susan Francia, and forge ahead and create our own brilliance.
In perseverance, we will find that life is beautiful because of bravery, and brilliant because of hard work. May each of us, on the road of struggle, be like them, brave difficulties, meet challenges, forge ahead, and write our own legends.
The above content and information are all from the Internet, and the author of this article does not intend to target or allude to any real country, political system, organization, race, individual. The above does not mean that the author of this article endorses the laws, rules, opinions, behaviors in the article and is responsible for the authenticity of the relevant information. The author of this article is not responsible for any issues arising above or related to any of the above, nor does it assume any direct or indirect legal liability.
The woman dived into the bottom of the sea in distress by tying up the lead block, but was fortunately picked up by her companion in time and woke up after a month of rescue
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Extreme sports, courageous, but also comes with potential dangers. During a diving trip in Huizhou, Guangdong, Miss Luo's life was in danger. This article will delve into this thrilling event, showcasing the camaraderie, vigilance and collective efforts of the medical team that brought miracles to Miss Lo.
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Life and death moments in adventure diving
Huizhou, a coastal city located in Guangdong, is famous for its magnificent coastline and abundance of water sports.
Here, Miss Luo, who is in her 30s, is an avid extreme sports enthusiast. White Deer Video reported on a Sept. 25 extreme diving experience that nearly became the last chapter of her life.
One day, Miss Luo made an appointment with a few friends and decided to go on a thrilling dive in the waters of Huizhou. Everything started smoothly, and the underwater world is full of mystery and seduction, making it difficult to extricate yourself. Miss Luo quickly dived twice, however, she was still unsatisfied, longing for deeper adventures. So she tied a huge piece of lead around her waist and tried to dive deeper.
However, things did not go according to her plan, but an incredible accident occurred.
What she didn't know was that her diving equipment was running out of power and the lead blocks couldn't be easily removed. At this moment, she began to sink rapidly, facing the bottomless seabed. Her friends realized in a panic that the situation was critical, as the alarm indicator that Miss Luo was carrying suddenly lit up, implying that her life was in danger.
Fortunately, a friend among the dive buddies performed well, reacted quickly and did not hesitate to dive to the bottom of the sea in an attempt to find Miss Luo and rescue her from the water.
This unparalleled rescue operation took place underwater under extremely harsh conditions, full of uncertainty and risk. However, friendship and determination allowed the dive companion to move forward desperately, and finally succeeded in saving Miss Luo from the bottom of the sea.
However, this is only the beginning of the story. Southern Satellite TV reported the introduction of Zhong Shuisheng, director of the second department of neurology of Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, revealing the edge of life and death of Miss Luo. When she was taken to the hospital, she was in a deep coma with only 65% blood oxygen. Normally, brain cells need at least 90% of blood oxygen to function properly, and this extreme hypoxia state, if it lasts longer than 4 to 6 minutes, will irreversibly lead to brain cell death.
When Miss Luo was admitted to the hospital, she was in a deep coma, did not breathe on her own, and fell into a persistent state of epilepsy. This is a serious emergency that requires prompt and precise medical rescue. The medical team took a series of emergency measures, including the use of an upper ventilator and hyperbaric oxygen therapy, in the hope of saving her life.
However, Miss Luo's road to recovery was not easy. She spent nearly a month in a coma, but eventually, a miracle struck and she regained consciousness. Her ability to walk slowly against walls is an incredible advance in medicine.
The ending of this story, which exceeded most expectations, is a true reflection of camaraderie, vigilance, and the collective efforts of the medical team.
All in all, this powerful story is the culmination of friendship and vitality. Miss Luo's extreme sports adventure almost cost her life forever, but with the help of her dive partner and medical team, she managed to defeat death and win a second life. This story tells us that human resilience and unity are unparalleled strength in the face of extreme challenges, capable of creating miracles, even in the darkest of moments. The fragility and preciousness of life deserve to be cherished and celebrated.