Mr. Xie's home is a quaint courtyard located on the edge of the city. This courtyard is next to a beautiful and tranquil park, and every morning in the shade of the trees is a verdant garden with a variety of flowers and plants swaying in the breeze. Teacher Xie would practice Tai Chi and Baduan Jin in the courtyard. Dressed in a loose Chinese robe, he moves calmly and calmly, as if blending into the natural flow. The stretching of Tai Chi and the subtle movements of Baduan Jin weave a wonderful harmony in his body.
In the morning, after practicing Tai Chi and Baduan Jin, Teacher Xie returned to the clinic and was quietly looking through the ancient books of Yijia Qigong. Xiao Wang came to Mr. Xie's clinic early in the morning, a breeze blew through, carrying the fresh fragrance of flowers, and the peaceful environment made people feel relieved. Today, Xiao Wang asked Teacher Xie about the development of qigong from the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties. Teacher Xie readily agreed to his request and sat down to start an in-depth discussion with Xiao Wang.
Teacher Xie smiled and said, "Xiao Wang, I am very pleased that you are interested in medical qigong. Yijia Qigong is an important part of the TCM tradition, and it can be used not only to treat diseases, but also to preserve health. During the Wei and Jin dynasties, medical qigong was further developed. Ge Hong summarized the medical role of qigong as 'curing unaffected diseases and channeling discordant qi' in "Holding Puzi", and also discussed the location and role of the three dantians, and proposed the classification method of exercises, which are divided into qi induction and guidance categories. ”
Ge Hong Museum, Luofu Mountain Scenic Area, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China
He was a famous figure during the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who was not only an excellent Taoist scholar, but also a famous medicinal. Ge Hong was a Han Chinese, a native of Danyang County in Jin, who called himself Baopuzi and was the grandnephew of Ge Xuan, a famous Fangshi during the Three Kingdoms period. "Elbow Reserve Emergency Formula" is a representative medical work by Ge Hong, the first clinical emergency manual in China, and one of the earliest textbooks to popularize the knowledge of Chinese medicine among the people. The book collects a large number of emergency remedies, which he collected and selected in the process of practicing medicine and traveling.
Xiao Wang recorded this information very carefully, and then continued to ask: "Also, Teacher Xie, Tao Hongjing is also in this period?" ”
Teacher Xie explained with a smile: "Tao Hongjing's "Nourishing Sex and Prolonging Life" first contains five bird plays, with pictures and texts, which is the earliest written material of the exercise, and the six-character technique is the first exercise pioneered by Tao to combine the theory of internal organs with the articulation breathing method. In addition, external qi therapy was first seen in the Jin Dynasty, when it was called buqi. ”
Wenzhou Dongmeng Mountain, known as "the first cave in southern Zhejiang"
"Cultivating Sex and Prolonging Life" is Tao Hongjing's work after "omitting the essentials, deleting the cumbersome, and clustering the questions", and the purpose is to "subsidize the cause, hoping to help the ears". The book is a collection of guided health theories and methods from Yanhuang to Wei Jin, divided into two volumes and six parts: "Teachings", "Food Warnings", "Miscellaneous Commandments and Prayers for Harm", "Taking Qi to Treat Diseases", "Guided Massage", and "Imperial Daughter's Profit and Loss". Among them, the "Teachings" talks about the theory of health preservation, and generally discusses the necessity of health preservation; The Book of Food Commandments talks about the precautions of eating; "Miscellaneous Commandments and Prayers for Harm" talks about the precautions of daily living; "Serving Qi to Treat Diseases" talks about qi art; "Guided Massage" talks about guided massage; "Imperial Daughter's Profit and Loss" talks about the art of the house.
Xiao Wang's eyes flashed with excitement, and he found this knowledge very interesting. Then, he asked, "Teacher Xie, you also mentioned external qi therapy, what is it?" ”
Xiao Wang felt that he had absorbed a lot of knowledge, but he still longed for more. He asked: "During the Sui and Tang dynasties, did there be any unique development of medical qigong?" ”
Teacher Xie smiled and replied: "The fifth dynasty of the Sui and Tang dynasties was the mature period of medical qigong, and its achievements were reflected in Chao Yuanfang's "Treatise on the Origin of Diseases", which does not contain prescription medicines for diseases, but only uses qigong therapy. As a work of the Sui Dynasty imperial physician order, it only discusses qigong without talking about prescription medicine, and even acupuncture and tuina, which should at least show that qigong therapy was affirmed at that time and accepted by both the government and the public. ”
Chao Yuanfang lived in the Sui and Tang dynasties, and during the Sui dynasty, he had frequent medical activities, and served as a doctor of imperial medicine, with outstanding achievements. Although Chao Yuanfang's life and deeds lack historical records and are buried in the dust of history, Chao Yuanfang's great contribution to the 5,000-year-old civilization of the Chinese nation is immortalized in the annals of history with the masterpiece "The Origin of Diseases" that he painstakingly presided over and compiled. With the basic theory of the Neijing, "Theory of the Origin of Diseases" specifically elaborates on the etiology, pathogenesis, lesions and symptoms of 67 types of diseases in internal, external, gynecological and pediatric departments. It is the first existing book on etiological syndrome in mainland China.
Teacher Xie thought for a while, and then said: "Another medical dictionary, "Preparation for Emergencies", is from the hands of Sun Simiao, a famous doctor who is revered as the 'medicine king' by posterity, Sun Shi is one of the top figures in the history of Chinese medicine, and his academic contributions and noble personality are respected by future generations. He attached great importance to health preservation, practiced it, and lived to more than 100 years old. His discussion of qigong is unique, and the methods include two categories: the static qi adjustment method and the movement-based massage method. The reason why this period is proposed to be the mature period of medical qigong is directly related to the works of these two outstanding figures. ”
Dujiangyan Qingcheng Mountain Town: Medicine King Sun Simiao's retreat Yao King Yam Temple
Xiao Wang wrote down this information again, and then continued to ask: "Then, during the two Song and Jinyuan periods, what further development did the medical qigong have?" ”
Teacher Xie explained: "During the Jin Yuan period of the Two Song Dynasties, the General Record of Shengji was the most representative work, and in terms of characters, many medical practitioners represented by the four Jin Yuan masters had considerable qigong achievements. The eight-dan jin qigong exercises formed and popular in the Song Dynasty are all arranged under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory, and each movement has a clear medical effect, which can be called a model of dialectical exercise. ”
Baduan Jin Qigong
The Song Jinyuan period was an important period in the development of TCM theory, called "Xinxue Zhaoxing". During this period, due to the long-term war, the people lived in poverty and diseases were endemic, laying the social foundation for the birth of the four families of the Golden Yuan. Due to the richness of practice, many doctors have deeply studied the ancient medical classics, combined with their own clinical experience, to explain the theories of their predecessors, and gradually formed different schools, Liu Lord Hanliang, Zhang Zhu attacked (sweat, spit, under the three methods), Li Lord supplemented the soil (replenished the spleen), Zhu Lord nourished Yin, greatly enriched the theory of Chinese medicine. The doctrine of Jin Yuansi marked a new stage in the development of Chinese medicine and had a profound impact on the subsequent development of Chinese medicine.
Xiao Wang's eyes flashed with curiosity, and he felt deep respect again. Finally, he asked: "Then, during the Ming and Qing dynasties, what new development did the medical qigong have?" ”
Teacher Xie replied: "During the Ming and Qing dynasties, medical qigong was further developed, and qigong was mastered and applied by many medical practitioners. Li Shizhen, a medical scholar, has a particularly profound understanding of the relationship between meridians and qigong. The physician Zhang Jingyue also studied qigong, and his arguments on the relationship between Dantian and Meimon and medicine and the I Ching are quite innovative. Qing dynasty physicians Ye Tianshi, Xue Xue, Shen Jinao, etc. were also proficient in qigong therapy. The "Shoushi Fax" written by Xu Wenbi in 1771, which has been adapted several times into the "Illustration of Internal Gong", focuses on moving exercises, contains a variety of exercises such as Baduan Jin, and is accompanied by illustrations, becoming a representative treatise on medical qigong in modern times. ”
Tianjin Folklore: Clay Man Zhang Cai Sculpture One - Zhang Yu Color Sculpture Li Shizhen (Tianjin Museum Collection)
Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" became the most systematic, complete and scientific medical work at that time, not only made significant contributions to the development of Chinese pharmacy, but also had a far-reaching impact on the development of world medicine, botany, zoology, mineralogy and chemistry, known as the "Oriental Medicine Classic", the famous British biologist Charles Darwin called it "ancient Chinese encyclopedia". Known as the medical saint and medicine god, Li Shizhen is also the author of medical books such as "The Eight Veins of the Odd Scriptures", "The Study of the Veins of the Lake", and "The Theory of the Five Visceral Diagrams".
Archive: Zhang Jingyue, a famous medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty
Zhang Jingyue advocated supplementing true yin and yang, cautiously using cold and attacking prescriptions, and commonly used warm tonic formulas on clinical evidence, known as the "warm tonic school". People at the time called him "a master in medical skills" and "a man in the ages". He is the author of classic works of traditional Chinese medicine such as "Similar Scriptures", "Similar Scriptures with Wings", "Jingyue Complete Books" (including "New Fang Eight Formations"), "Questioning Record" and other classic works of traditional Chinese medicine, and his academic ideas have a great influence on later generations.
Xiao Wang felt very satisfied, he knew that he had gained valuable knowledge. He bowed to Mr. Xie to thank him and said that he would continue to work hard to learn and practice Yijia Qigong in order to become an outstanding TCM practitioner.
Teacher Xie smiled kindly and encouraged Xiao Wang, "Xiao Wang, you are a very good student, and I believe that you will definitely be able to become an outstanding TCM practitioner in the future. Remember, medicine is an endless science, and continuous learning and practice are the keys to becoming a good healer. ”
Xiao Wang's heart was surging, and he was determined to continue to move forward on the road of medicine and continue to inherit and develop the precious tradition of Chinese medicine. This story tells the story of a young doctor's dedication to the medical tradition and respect for his teachers, while also conveying the preciousness of medical knowledge and the importance of never stopping learning.