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The core of the electric vehicle is the three electrics, and the core of the three electric systems is the power battery.
The safety performance of lithium iron phosphate batteries is higher than that of ternary lithium batteries. Do you agree with this statement?
First, let's look at a set of interviews. This is the author's question about the new models on the market. The biggest doubt lies in the type of power battery. This person is a BYD car user and seems to have some doubts about the blade battery. Special trust and goodwill.
My position is very clear. It is irresponsible and easy to misunderstand the claim that the safety performance of lithium iron phosphate batteries is higher than that of ternary lithium batteries. Analyzing lithium iron phosphate batteries from the perspective of thermal runaway limit is objectively not a big advantage, but for cars, power batteries are not machines that test battery limits, they are just vehicles. Therefore, if the standards required by the vehicle can be met and the threshold is not exceeded, then ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries are safe; Looking back at the new energy vehicles ten years ago, they were based on ternary lithium batteries from the beginning of popularization. The focus is on meta-lithium batteries. At that time, the direction of research and development was how to improve the energy density of power batteries. Ternary lithium batteries have the advantage of high density, so this power battery has become the main battery type of cars in the past decade.
Lithium iron phosphate batteries actually became popular after BYD launched paddle batteries. Previously, they were mainly used in commercial vehicles.
There is only one reason why lithium iron phosphate batteries can become mainstream again, but there are also three disadvantages.
The blade battery ran out at a very opportune time. This is the beginning of a sharp increase in the price of lithium carbonate raw materials! At the peak, the price of lithium carbonate exceeded 600,000 yuan / ton, and lithium carbonate is the basic material of ternary lithium batteries, followed by cobalt, nickel, manganese and other materials. The cost of these raw materials is also quite high. Affected by this, the price of ternary lithium batteries has also risen, so many new energy vehicle brands have increased the price of finished vehicles. At this point, if you want to reflect the competitiveness of your product, you don't need to raise the price. If you don't want to increase the price, you need to choose a cheaper power battery. The only option is lithium iron phosphate batteries.
The price of iron phosphate is much lower than that of lithium carbonate. Even after the price of lithium carbonate falls, it is still dozens of times higher than the price of iron phosphate! Therefore, the production cost of lithium iron phosphate batteries is naturally much lower than that of ternary lithium. The specific price of blade batteries is unknown, but the price of most lithium iron phosphate batteries can be about two-thirds lower than the price of ternary lithium! When the blade battery was first released, its price advantage was explained, but some core fans contacted the author and asked me not to talk about price-related topics. This record still stands today.
This is why lithium iron phosphate batteries have become popular. To put it bluntly, it is because it is cheap, and the price of ternary lithium batteries has risen.
On the contrary, if the production cost of ternary lithium batteries can be so low, then it is believed that major automobile manufacturers will give up lithium iron phosphate batteries; Because the disadvantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries are very significant. One of them is the low energy density that cannot be used for products of the same quality. According to the hypothesis, the vehicle can achieve longer battery life; Second, poor consistency, if there is no warranty, it will cause loss of capacity and life, and increase the maintenance cost of power battery components in the later stage; The third is poor performance at low temperatures, and when the performance is low at higher temperatures, the battery life will be greatly reduced.
ternary lithium batteries perform much better in these three aspects, so ternary lithium batteries are still the mainstream; But the value of lithium iron phosphate batteries is undeniable. Its main value lies in the stage when the cost of ternary lithium batteries is high. Here, he helped automakers reduce the sales price of new energy vehicles and accelerate the goal of the same level and price for the two types of vehicles. Lithium iron phosphate batteries act like dual-clutch transmissions for fuel vehicles, and ternary lithium batteries are like ATs.
The price of lithium carbonate has fallen sharply, and the production cost of ternary lithium batteries is not as high as imagined.
This was an important turning point. Now, every new energy vehicle using lithium iron phosphate batteries must have a car of the same size, performance and configuration at the corresponding price that uses ternary lithium batteries; This also means that lithium iron phosphate batteries can no longer reflect the cost advantage at this time, so if the price of the whole vehicle does not fall further, the "life cycle" of this power battery will end.
However, the topic of security needs to be discussed in more depth, so let's look at the data.
In the first half of 2023, 1.645 million vehicles equipped with lithium iron phosphate batteries were sold, accounting for 54.9%
In the same period, the sales of vehicles equipped with ternary lithium batteries were 1.35 million units, accounting for 45.1%.
The proportion of cars using ternary lithium batteries is still high. If ternary lithium batteries are really dangerous, will these car manufacturers be stupid enough not to choose cheaper and cheaper lithium iron phosphate batteries? The answer is not difficult to summarize.
There is another set of data worth interpreting. Let's first look at new energy vehicles below 200,000 yuan: BYD all series use lithium iron phosphate batteries, Vanjiale MINI, QQ ice cream, Changan Lumin, AION Y, navy S series, Leap, Nezha cars and other brands and specific models, these cars also use lithium iron phosphate batteries, but there are also versions that use ternary lithium batteries. The point is that the version with ternary lithium batteries is more expensive than the version with lithium iron phosphate batteries.
The same is true of Tesla, an overseas brand of new energy vehicles. The price of the version with ternary lithium battery will also be higher.
Let's take a look at high-end new energy vehicles worth more than 300,000 yuan, from the best-selling ideal L series, to the joint venture cars of NIO, Gaohe, Avita, as well as Audi, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Porsche and other brands, even Hongqi cars, do these cars use lithium iron phosphate batteries? It seems that there is only a low-end version of NIO ET5T, with a threshold price of less than 300,000, and it is a hybrid of ternary lithium and lithium iron phosphate batteries. Other high-end vehicles use ternary lithium batteries, including Hongqi Automobile's flagship product E-HS9, which has a strategic partnership with BYD, and still uses CATL ternary lithium batteries. Ford Electric Horse chose BYD when paddle batteries were very popular. Power battery supplier chooses BYD lithium nickel cobalt manganese battery (ternary lithium).
It can be seen that the safety performance of ternary lithium electric vehicles does not need to be questioned. High-end car users are paying more attention to vehicle safety. Therefore, the poor safety performance of ternary lithium batteries is nothing more than what lithium iron phosphate battery manufacturers want to hear. However, such a statement is irresponsible.
Editor: Tianhe Auto Auto Science Island, published by Tianhe MCN, welcome to like and comment
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