In 905 BC, Feizi, the patriarch of the Huan surname, was appreciated by Zhou Tianzi for his excellent horse raising skills. Zhou Tianzi gave him Qin land and asked him to build a city and establish the state of Qin, known as Huan Qin. However, the State of Qin at that time was not a powerful state, with a territory of less than fifty li, and was neither a prince nor a doctor.
In 858 BC, after the death of Qin Feizi, the state of Qin was ruled by the Marquis of Qin and the Duke of Qin. They continued to raise horses for the Zhou royal family and fought against the invasion of Xijong at the border of Shubian.
In 845 BC, Qin Zhong ascended the throne and became the fourth king of the state of Qin. Under his rule, Xirong invaded the Zhou Dynasty, plundering and plundering. Qin Zhong led an army to attack Xirong and was dispatched by Zhou Tianzi.
In 822 BC, Qin Zhong was killed in a war with Xijong, and his son Huan Qi succeeded him as the Duke of Qin Zhuang. In the same year, Xirong invaded the state of Qin, and the state of Qin fell. Duke Zhuang of Qin fled to the capital and asked King Xuan of Zhou for help. King Xuan of Zhou generously sent a force of 7,000 men to help the Qin state recover.
In 821 BC, Duke Zhuang of Qin led 7,000 soldiers to defeat Xijong and successfully restore the country. King Xuan of Zhou made Duke Zhuang of Qin the Grand Doctor of Western Province and gave the land of Inuqiu to the Duke of Qin Zhuang. From then on, the State of Qin held two fiefs.
In 778 BC, Duke Zhuang of Qin died, and Duke Xianggong of Qin ascended the throne. During the reign of Duke Xianggong of Qin, the state of Qin still faced the threat of powerful Rong Di forces. The State of Qin was just a doctor, and did not have the trust of the Zhou royal family. Duke Xianggong of Qin was well aware of the situation of the Qin state, and he assessed the situation, improved relations with Xirong, and moved the capital to Wangyi, strengthening ties with the Zhou royal family. Since then, the Qin State has entered a stage of rapid development.
In 771 BC, Inu Rong invaded the Western Zhou capital of Haojing and killed the reigning monarch of Western Zhou, King You, marking the end of Western Zhou.
In 770 BC, after the death of King Zhou You, the princes installed Ji Yiusu, son of King Zhou You, as King Ping of Zhou. The Eastern Zhou era began. In the first half of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the princes vied for hegemony, which is known as the Spring and Autumn Period. After the Han, Zhao, and Wei families divided into Jin, the princes conquered each other, which is called the Warring States Period. In the same year, King Ping of Zhou decided to move east, and Duke Xiang of Qin sent troops to escort King Ping of Zhou to the east. Thanks to the help of Duke Xianggong of Qin, Duke Xianggong of Qin was made a prince by King Ping of Zhou and received land west of Qishan. After the efforts of six monarchs, the State of Qin officially became a vassal state.
In 766 BC, because the land of the Qin state was occupied by the Rong Di tribe, Duke Xiang of Qin decided to attack Rong Di. However, on the way to conquer Xijong, Qin Xianggong died suddenly. His son Huankang succeeded to the throne as Duke Wen of Qin. During the reign of Duke Wen of Qin, agricultural development was carried out within the Qin state and severe criminal laws were enacted. Externally, the Qin state continued to send troops to attack Xirong, expanding the territory of the Qin state to the west of Qishan.
In 716 BC, Duke Wen of Qin died, and his grandson Huan ascended the throne as Duke Xian of Qin. With the efforts of Qin Xiangong, Qin Chuzi, and Qin Wugong, the power of the Qin state expanded to the Weishui River Basin in Guanzhong Province.
In 678 BC, Duke Wu of Qin died, and he was the sixth king. When Duke Wugong of Qin died, 66 people were buried with him, which opened the wind of the martyrdom system of the living in the Qin state. In the same year, after the death of Duke Wu of Qin, the courtiers supported Duke Wu of Qin's younger brother Huan Jia to the throne and became the Duke of Qin De. During the reign of Duke De of Qin, the various systems of the State of Qin began to take shape.
In 677 BC, Duke De of Qin moved the capital to Yongcheng. After nearly a hundred years of hard work, the Qin people have occupied most of the territory of the Central Plains, achieved their rise, and become an emerging power in the West. This laid a solid foundation for the prosperity of the Qin state during the reign of Duke Mu of Qin.
In 676 BC, Duke De of Qin died, and his eldest son Huan Tian ascended the throne as Duke Xuan of Qin. During the reign of Duke Xuan of Qin, the development of the Qin state clashed with another rapidly developing vassal state, this vassal state was the Jin state. Duke Xuan of Qin was determined to strengthen reforms, eased relations with Xijong, and strengthened ties with the Zhou royal family. The State of Qin entered a stage of rapid development.
In 664 BC, Duke Xuan of Qin died, and his son Huan ascended the throne as the Duke of Qin Zhuang. During the reign of Duke Zhuang of Qin, the power of the state of Qin expanded, defeating many enemies, and expanding its territory.
In 648 BC, a severe famine occurred in the Jin state, and grain was borrowed from the Qin state. Duke Zhuang of Qin was reluctant to borrow grain, but under the persuasion of the ministers, he eventually distributed the grain of the State of Qin to the State of Jin and rescued the people of the State of Jin. This event is known as the Battle of the Rafts.
In 646 BC, the state of Qin suffered a famine, but the state of Jin achieved a bumper harvest. Duke Zhuang of Qin asked the state of Jin to borrow some grain, but Duke Hui of Jin took advantage of the famine in the state of Qin to attack the state of Qin. Duke Zhuang of Qin soon defeated the army of the Jin state and captured Duke Hui of Jin. The two countries of Qin and Jin signed an alliance to cede the five cities of Hexi and the Prince of Jin to the state of Qin on the condition that they return the Duke of Jin Hui to the throne.
In 636 BC, civil strife broke out in the state of Jin, and the Duke of Qin Zhuang supported Duke Wen of Jin to return to the throne and take control of the state of Jin. However, Duke Wen of Jin used the power of the Qin state to consolidate the throne and dominate the Central Plains.
In 628 BC, Duke Wen of Jin died of illness, and Duke Zhuang of Qin took advantage of Duke Wen of Jin's death to intervene in the Central Plains in order to become the overlord of the Central Plains. However, in the Battle of Xianshan, the Qin army was ambushed by the Jin army, resulting in the destruction of the entire army and the bankruptcy of Qin Zhuanggong's plan.
In 625 BC, the Duke of Qin Zhuang launched the Battle of Pengya in order to avenge the Battle of Xianshan. It ended in a crushing defeat for the Qin army.
In 623 BC, after two crushing defeats, Duke Zhuang of Qin decided to move westward, targeting the nomadic tribes of Xirong. After the war, the twelve Rong states were subordinated to the Qin state, and the territory of the Qin state expanded to the surrounding thousands of miles of land, becoming one of the five hegemons of Spring and Autumn.
In 621 BC, Duke Zhuang of Qin died at the age of 44. He was accompanied by 177 people at his funeral, many of them of the Magi. The loss of these talents caused the Qin state to fall into depression for several generations between the Duke of Qin Zhuang and the Duke of Qin Xiao, and the national strength gradually weakened.
In 576 BC, Duke Jing of Qin ascended the throne and became the 18th king of the State of Qin. Duke Jinggong of Qin was an accomplished monarch who pushed the power of the Qin state into the Central Plains and improved diplomatic relations with the Jin state, ending more than eighty years of war with the Jin state.
In 537 BC, Duke Jing of Qin died, and his son Huan ascended the throne and became the Duke of Qin. During the reign of Duke Wei of Qin, the state of Qin continued to expand, destroying Korea and the state of Zhao.
In 475 BC, the Duke of Qin died, and the successors of the Qin state did little, and experienced four generations of chaotic government for more than thirty years. During this period, a monarch was forced to commit suicide, a prince went into exile, a monarch and his mother were sunk into the abyss, the Qin state lost a lot of territory, and civil strife continued, resulting in the weakening of the Qin state.
In 385 BC, Duke Xian of Qin ascended the throne, ending four generations of chaotic government in the Qin state that had lasted for more than thirty years. He carried out a series of reforms that led to the gradual rise of the Qin state.
In 362 BC, Duke Xian of Qin died, and his son Huanji ascended the throne as King Xiaowen of Qin. During the reign of King Xiaowen of Qin, a series of reforms were introduced to accelerate the unification process of the Qin state.
In 331 BC, King Xiaowen of Qin sent Bai Qi to lead an army to attack the state of Chu, breaking the Chu army and destroying the state of Chu.
In 230 BC, Zhao Gao framed Li Si and executed Li Si. In the same year, Zhao Gao planned an incident against the deer as a horse, killing all the opponents and taking control of the imperial government.
In 221 BC, Qin Shi Huang unified the Six Kingdoms and established the Qin Dynasty. He carried out a series of reforms, unified the writing and weights and measures systems, built the Great Wall, and laid the foundation for the first great unified dynasty in Chinese history.
However, the unification of the Qin Dynasty did not last long. After the death of Qin Shi Huang, Qin II succeeded to the throne, but his rule was unpopular, and the Qin dynasty fell into civil strife. Peasant uprisings broke out in various places, which eventually led to the demise of the Qin Dynasty.
In 207 BC, a rebel army led by Liu Bang overthrew the rule of the Qin Dynasty, and Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty, ending the rule of the Qin Dynasty. Although the Qin Dynasty did not exist long, its feat of unifying the six kingdoms had a profound impact on Chinese history.