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In October 1986, Deng Xiaoping, Li Xiannian and Chen Yun jointly agreed to retire together after the 13th Party Congress in 1987, and then Peng Zhen, Deng Yingchao, Xu Qianqian, and Nie Rongzhen, the "four elders," also proposed to "retire completely" and no longer hold any post. As soon as this news came out, it immediately shocked both at home and abroad.
At that time, during the critical period of reform and opening up, China was facing an extremely complex and severe international situation, and Deng Xiaoping was very much needed to continue to steer. The central authorities and the people repeatedly petitioned Deng Xiaoping to retire later, but he refused, telling everyone that he had reached the time when he had to retreat.
So what is the historical truth of the "total retirement" of the second-generation leaders of the Central Committee? What is the meaning of Deng Xiaoping's "having to retreat"?
On November 2, 1979, Deng Xiaoping held a meeting of cadres at and above the level of vice minister in Beijing. At the meeting, Deng Xiaoping said earnestly: "The construction of the country and the development of reform and opening up cannot be achieved by us old comrades alone, and we must establish a system conducive to the promotion of young cadres." Of course, before solving the problem of the promotion of young cadres, it is important to establish a retirement system! ”
After this meeting, the suggestion that Deng Xiaoping had retreated was very popular, causing widespread heated discussions at home and abroad, and even the famous Italian journalist Farage made a special trip to Beijing to interview Deng Xiaoping on this matter.
"Chairman Deng, I heard that you want to retire?" Farage asked straight to the point: "Is this true?" ”
"There is an idea, but now is not the time!" Deng Xiaoping replied with a little seriousness: "After all, China has just implemented reform and opening up, and we still need the help of our old comrades!" ”
"So when do you expect to retire?" Farage looked at Deng Xiaoping, who was thoughtful: "Will you, like Chairman Mao, not choose a successor until before he dies?" ”
"I'll just do it until 1985!" Deng Xiaoping lit a cigarette and took a deep breath: "I hope to retire early, but it is difficult to convince comrades in the party." But I will not wait until I die to retire, which is detrimental to the development of the country and the implementation of current policies, and is not in line with my personal ideals and beliefs. ”
"Chinese people don't want you to retire, right?" Farage said in a tone full of admiration: "Because you are an admirable leader!" ”
"yes!" Deng Xiaoping extinguished the cigarette butt in his hand and lit one again: "So this matter will take time to do more persuasion work." Because I am a member of the Communist Party and must obey the decisions of the Party; I am also a citizen of the People's Republic of China and must obey the will of the people, but I still hope to be able to convince the people. ”
On September 2, 1986, CBS "Sixty Minutes" reporter Mike S. Wallace, with the program team, went to Beijing for a television interview with Deng Xiaoping.
During the interview, Wallace asked Deng Xiaoping: "You are China's number one leading figure, when are you going to step down from the position of major leader?" ”
"Mr. Wallace, I once told Mr. Farage in Italy about this." Deng Xiaoping looked at Wallace and smiled indifferently: "At that time, I said that I worked until 1985, but now it has been more than a year, and this old man of mine has lost his trust!" ”
"Chairman Deng, you are very humorous, it is Chinese people who are reluctant to retire!" Wallace was amused by Deng Xiaoping's words, and then further asked: "Then what are you planning now?" ”
"I am persuading the people to retire at the 13th Party Congress next year!" Deng Xiaoping said frankly: "But to this day, there has been a lot of opposition. ”
In October 1980, Deng Xiaoping, Li Xiannian and Chen Yun held a meeting in Zhongnanhai and jointly agreed to retire together at the 13th National Congress, and jointly decided not only to retire from the Politburo Standing Committee, but to retire to the end and no longer hold any post.
However, the matter of retirement is not as simple as Deng Xiaoping's leaders think. At the Seventh Plenary Session of the 12th CPC Central Committee, on the eve of the 13th National Congress, many deputies tearfully pleaded with Deng Xiaoping not to retreat.
However, in response to the calls such as "Xiaoping cannot retreat", "China cannot do without Xiaoping", and "reform and opening up needs Xiaoping", Deng Xiaoping replied and explained many times, saying that he "had to retreat"!
The weight of the four words "had to retreat" is too heavy, what is the reason why Deng Xiaoping cannot retreat?
Under these circumstances, after repeated study, the central authorities proposed a way to let Deng Xiaoping "half-retreat" to make the transition, first retreat a little, and then completely retreat after a period of time. In order to take into account the feelings of the people, Deng Xiaoping could only agree for the time being.
Thus, at the 13th Party Congress held in November 1987, Deng Xiaoping ceased to hold important posts such as standing member of the Politburo, member of the Politburo, and chairman of the Central Advisory Commission, and retained only the post of chairman of the Central Military Commission.
At the 13th National Congress, Li Xiannian and Chen Yun also implemented a "half-retreat", and both withdrew from the Central Committee. Chen Yun was changed from first secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection to chairman of the Central Advisory Commission, Li Xiannian was changed from president to chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference shortly after the 13th National Congress, and the president was replaced by Yang Shangkun.
At the same time, the "four elders" of Peng Zhen, Deng Yingchao, Xu Qianqian, and Nie Rongzhen also proposed to "retire completely" and no longer hold any post.
After the 13th National Congress, Deng Xiaoping repeatedly said: "It is not good for the 13th National Congress to engage in a 'half-retreat', I personally think that it is best to 'fully retreat' at that time!" ”
In September 1989, the new central leading collective with Jiang Zemin as the core had already carried out its work fruitfully; the domestic political situation was stable, and the economic situation was very good; Deng Xiaoping believed that the best time had come to realize retirement, so he specially brought Jiang Zemin, Li Peng, and other central responsible persons together to discuss the issue of his retirement.
On September 4, Deng Xiaoping sent a letter to the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, formally submitting a request for resignation!
At the Fifth Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee, the question of Deng Xiaoping's retirement was one of the two main topics of the meeting. After carefully discussing Deng Xiaoping's resignation letter, they did not agree to his resignation request, expressed their need for him to continue to steer China, and pleaded with him to retire later.
However, Deng Xiaoping repeatedly said: "Now is the time when he has to retreat; at present, the construction and reform of the mainland is at a critical moment, and it is facing a very complex international situation, and it is necessary to give the new leadership more and more space to work. ”
After careful study, the comrades of the Politburo Standing Committee and the Politburo finally came to an unanimous understanding, and everyone believed that Deng Xiaoping had a far-sighted vision and should respect his wishes, agreed to his resignation, and formally approved Deng Xiaoping's request to resign as chairman of the Central Military Commission of the CPC at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee held on November 9, 1989.
That afternoon, in the lounge of the Great Hall of the People, all the central leaders were waiting for Deng Xiaoping's arrival, and as soon as he walked in, they all stepped forward to shake hands with him. Later, Deng Xiaoping came to the Great Hall of the People and waved goodbye to the delegates attending the Fifth Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee, and the handover of the second generation of central leadership also came to a smooth end.
(End of article)
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