Insight into Xiangxi comprehensive sorting
Ancient songs of the Miao people
Miao ancient songs are oral narrative ancient songs passed down from generation to generation by the Miao people, and the Miao ancient songs are very rich in content and cover a particularly wide range. Known as the "encyclopedia" of the Miao people, it is widely recited and well-known. It mainly includes the opening of heaven and earth, war migration, customs and habits, production and labor, myths and legends, love stories, love songs and ceremonies, funeral torches, Miao medicine and medicine, and astronomical philosophy, etc., which are the "sacred narrative" of the Miao people and the "ancient memories" of the Miao people.
Xiangxi Miao folk songs
Xiangxi Miao folk songs are the favorite art form of the Miao people, with a long history, including "five chambers and ten tunes", high-pitched and beautiful "high-cavity", melodious and pleasant, gentle and smooth "flat cavity", high-handed and gentle sentence-style "flying cavity", and both lyrical and agitated, rough and beautiful "solid cavity". The folk songs of the Miao ethnic group in Xiangxi are also divided into "ten tunes": the tune of receiving relatives and blocking the door, the tune of sending relatives, the tune of yelling ho, the tune of love songs, the tune of rushing songs, the tune of gongfu, the tune of children's songs, the tune of crying marriage, the tune of Lao Si song, and the tune of Xian song. The tunes and singing methods of Xiangxi Miao folk songs are very unique and have strong cultural and artistic value.
Xiangxi Miao inspired
Xiangxi Miao drumming, is the most unique dance art in the Xiangxi Miao region, with a long history, according to historical documents, originated before the Han Dynasty, produced in Miao sacrifices. With the changes of the times, the Miao people have become the favorite and most popular dance art form of the Miao people, such as flower drumming, monkey drumming, bahe drumming, and reunion drumming.
Miao painting
Miao painting, at first only as a pattern base for Miao embroidery, was mainly used for clothing, quilts, tents, door curtains, hall curtains, eaves, wall hangings, wearing ornaments and other aspects. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, after the improvement and innovation of Miao painters, the file Miao embroidery pattern was changed to a painting pattern, which was generally welcomed by Miao women. Later, after the continuous exploration of several generations of Miao painters, simple Miao painting developed from embroidery manuscripts to now independent paintings.
The Hmong pick flowers
Miao picking flowers, commonly known as counting yarn, is to pick out a variety of different patterns on the weaving headkerchief at home. It is different from embroidery, from the first stitch, all the needle leads, all on the surface of the cloth to pick the needles, can not count a wrong yarn, if a yarn is counted wrong, then the number of subsequent yarns are all wrong. Therefore, Miao flower picking is an extremely meticulous and strict handmade process. The Miao people use all blue or blue lines to pick flowers, and the patterns on the headkerchief are simple and bright, the lines are clear, and they are very elegant.
Miao silver jewelry forging technique
Miao silver jewelry forging technique is the favorite folk traditional handicraft of the Miao people, represented by Fenghuang County in Xiangxi. Miao silver jewelry has a long history. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, silver jewelry was widely practiced among Miao men and women. There are many kinds of silver jewelry of the Phoenix and Miao people, according to statistics, there are more than 200 kinds, common ones include silver phoenix crowns, silver hats, silver collars, silver shawls, silver bracelets, etc. These silver jewelry crafts are exquisite and meticulously made, the process is complex, and the silver jewelry products are exquisite and deeply loved by the people.
Xiangxi Miao Medicine
"Xiangxi Miao Medicine", with a long history, rich content and unique curative effects, is a kind of folk medicine passed down from generation to generation by the Miao people, in addition to using medicinal herbs and minerals, it also uses oral recipes, water, runes and other witchcraft auxiliary means to cure diseases and eliminate diseases for the vast number of people of all ethnic groups in the border areas of Xiang, Qian, Chongqing and Hubei provinces, and has played a positive role.
Hmong Festival: April 8
The eighth of April of the Miao nationality originated from the Miao people's sacrifice activities, sacrifice heaven and earth, ancestors, heroes, and gods, which is a major festival for the Miao people to gather and celebrate, and is very popular in the vast Miao region. On April 8, thousands of Miao men and women dress up in festive costumes and pour into the song venue from all directions to sing Miao songs. Miao youth are called "song rushing field", also known as "jumping flowers and jumping the moon", young people look for love in the festival, so it is also called "love plot".
Hmong costumes
The Miao ethnic group in Xiangxi contains more than 20 Miao branches mainly based on "red seedlings", and each branch contains several small branches, which makes the costumes of the Miao people in Xiangxi look extraordinarily colorful, and finally form "one type" (Xiangxi type), "three styles" (Huabao type, phoenix style, Jilu style). Xiangxi Miao ethnic costumes are diverse in style, pay attention to decoration, and the patterns are mainly hand-embroidered, mostly flowers and birds. It is an important national cultural symbol and a representative consumption custom reflecting the style of the Miao people in Xiangxi, and has high historical and cultural value and aesthetic value. It is known as "the history book worn on the body".
Hua Bao style (photo by Long Xiuzawa)
Phoenix style
Jilu style
Hmong Festival: Autumn
Miao Rushing Autumn, also known as Miao Rushing Autumn Festival, is a major traditional festival for the Miao people to celebrate the autumn harvest and young men and women to socialize during the "beginning of autumn", focusing on the religious culture and folk traditional culture and art of the Miao people. Every year on the day of "Autumn", wherever Miao District goes to a cemetery, it is the autumn field of that year. The content of Miao autumn rush covers a wide range, mainly including ancestor worship, blocking doors, eight-person autumn, Miao drum, Miao mountain song, playing dragon, lion dance, side field, traditional dance, sports competition, etc., which are huge in scale and far-reaching, and are very rich in the unique cultural connotation of the Miao people.
Hmong embroidery
The artistic characteristics of Xiangxi Miao embroidery are mainly manifested in the influence of Chu and Han culture and the embroidery of surrounding ethnic minorities, and also have their own distinctive national characteristics, showing a warm and unrestrained romantic style.
The dragons, birds, butterflies, flowers, fish, and shrimp with different images in Xiangxi Miao embroidery are neither simple imitations of nature, nor simple self-artistic expressions, but an illusory creation created by the non-reality of life images. The composition of Miao embroidery is compact, full, round, and the lines have thickness, virtual and real changes, smooth and flowing. The color setting does not deliberately focus on the expression of inherent color, but relies on the aesthetic psychology of the nation, boldly exaggerates, imagines, and flexibly uses it. Advocating red, green, blue, black and other colors, paying attention to purity, brightness, cold, warmth and strong contrast of color in coordination, its pattern and exaggerated changes in color are not only concerned with the performance of vibrant objective objects, but also kneaded into the fantasy color, forming a unique artistic style of Miao embroidery.
The style of Xiangxi Miao embroidery art and Chu art is quite consistent, the combination of the two patterns is complex, full, delicate, beautiful lines, strange shapes without hideousness, making people feel cordial, innocent and simple. The reason why Miao embroidery art and Chu art have these commonalities is related to their common cultural origin and tradition.
Decoupage
Miao culture also has its own paper-cutting culture, but unlike Han window flower paper-cutting, Miao paper-cutting is mainly suitable for embroidery, when Miao people make embroidery, they will first use paper-cutting to cut out (or use a file) a certain shape.
So, how did Miao paper-cutting develop? Let's take a look with the editor!
The Miao are one of the ethnic minorities with a large population and wide distribution in southwest China. It mainly lives in Guizhou and its adjacent seven provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) including Xiangxi, eastern Yunnan, southern Sichuan, southern Yunan, southwestern Hubei and northern Guinan, with more than 30,000 people distributed in south-central Hainan. Most of the Miao live in large mountainous areas with poor geographical conditions, have been in a closed environment for a long time, and their social development is slow, maintaining many unique living customs and cultural inheritance. The paper-cutting patterns used in embroidery by some branches of the Miao ethnic group are artistically similar to embroidery, but because it is not an independent display, it is not known to outsiders.
Miao women have a long history of using paper-cutting in embroidery, and there is a description of paper-cutting in the section "Miao Ancient Songs, Wading Mountains and Waters" sung by the Miao people in Xiangxi and southeast Qian. The song describes the great migration of the Miao ancestors from the "east" (the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River where the Miao people lived in their early days) to the "west" (referring to Xiangxi and Guizhou) in ancient times, "The aunt is called sister-in-law, don't forget to bring needles and threads, sister-in-law is called aunt, don't forget to bring cut flowers." "This great migration in the history of the Miao people is a collective transfer of ethnic nature, even in such a difficult environment, women still regard needlework and cutting flowers as very important matters, and paper cutting (flower cutting) and embroidery have long become a pair of twin sisters.
Embroidery is one of the main jobs of Miao women in their lives, and they have been learning since they were children, and they can generally draw and cut themselves, but some people who do not draw well or cannot draw will ask others for it. Some people with flexible minds and good drawings cut cut some patterns to sell, and in areas where paper-cutting is popular, stalls selling paper-cutting can be seen in the market almost every day (that is, rushing to the market). This kind of women who sell paper-cutting, because they tend to be professional, good cutting, skilled knife skills, and exquisite production, play a great role in promoting the perfection and development of paper-cutting art.
The motif and expression form of the Miao paper-cutting pattern have a distinct collective, regional and fairly stable historical inheritance, which is determined by the social function and inheritance characteristics of its embroidery. Miao embroidery has never departed from the category of tribal emblem art, it is mainly used for clothing decoration, and the style of clothing and other decorations constitute the appearance identification mark of members of different branches.
Miao paper-cutting has its own tradition, passed down from generation to generation, Miao embroidery and traditional patterns of paper-cutting, engraving the characteristics of many ancient cultures and primitive arts, its many fantastic and wonderful images, containing mysterious thinking meanings.
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Editor/Li Aijia, Zhou Dengyou, Huang Shasha
Review/Shang Xin Wang Xiangyuan
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