During the Anti-Japanese War Chinese mainland there were more than 2 million puppet troops, if there was another war, how many traitors would there be?

Traitors

A "product" more hateful than the aggressor: Whenever a nation or country is invaded by foreign enemies, countless national heroes who dare to dedicate and struggle will always emerge. When the country survives, it can cast heroes, but also "dog bears", they spare their lives and money, for this reason they would rather recognize the thief as their father, raise the butcher knife and wave it at their country, their own compatriots. They are like the little ghosts around the devil, hateful, hateful, and even more shameful! In China's thousands of years of history, the Chinese nation has experienced many national crises, the most serious of which occurred during the War of Resistance Against Japan in the last century.

At that time, China had just transitioned from a feudal dynasty to a Republican period, and the corruption of the Qing government could not make the whole of China devastated under the plunder of the great powers, and the warlord chaos made the common people live in misery for a long time and become a "walking dead".

Since ancient times, the army has hated most not the enemy when fighting wars, but traitors and lackeys, traitors! Today, the world is facing a major change unprecedented in a century, smoke is rising all over the world, and the United States and Western countries are trying to provoke war in Asia. So, in fact, war is not far away.

During the 14-year War of Resistance Against Japan, there were indeed quite a few traitors in our country. According to relevant data, at that time, except for the "puppet Manchukuo", the number of all puppet troops stationed in China was about 2 million. Today this topic is more sensitive, because many provinces will be involved. However, it is not deliberately engaged in regional contempt or confrontation, but an objective analysis from the reasons of historical background.

Why remove the "puppet Manchukuo"?

Because the "puppet Manchukuo" established by Puyi at that time was in the three eastern provinces of today, especially outside the Guanwai, which also included parts of Inner Mongolia. At that time, most of the common people did not know that they were Chinese, only that after the Great Qing Kingdom, they were Manchukuo. In addition, the three eastern provinces were the first places to be captured by the Japanese army, the common people were enslaved by the Japanese for a long time, and the children went to school to learn Japanese, and they had to bow in the direction of Tokyo every day, saying that they were subjects of His Majesty the Emperor.

Against such a historical background, it was indeed not easy to ask those local people to have the concept of China at that time. Coupled with the Kuomintang's non-resistance policy later, the three eastern provinces became the places with the most puppet troops, which seems to be a bit logical. Especially outside the customs, under the influence of the puppet Manchukuo government, the situation is much more severe than inside the customs.

For example, comrades such as Yang Jingyu and Zhao Shangzhi of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Federation were sold to death by their own people. At that time, many Northeast puppet troops said that they were dignified Manchukuo, not Chinese. According to relevant data, the number of puppet troops in the three eastern provinces is about 650,000.

The traitor King Tantada and the Japanese adjutant Aoki

In addition to the three eastern provinces, the three provinces with the most traitors during the Anti-Japanese War were Henan, Hebei and Shandong. At that time, there were 50,000 Chinese soldiers in Henan, all of whom were killed by Japanese devils after being disarmed by the people of Henan. In the "Biography of Chiang Kai-shek" written by the American writer Brian Kroese, it is recorded that Henan "peasants" helped the Japanese army annihilate the national troops defending Henan.

As for Hebei and Shandong, these two places were also the first to become Japanese-occupied areas. At that time, the degree of mechanization of the Japanese army was relatively high, so the plain area fell relatively quickly, and the little devils were indeed very cruel, burning and plundering. People living in plain areas are not as resilient as people in mountainous areas on the whole.



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In addition, the Japanese have supported several relatively large puppet regimes, such as the "puppet North China Committee" and the "puppet restoration regime", so it is easy to expand the ranks. At that time, there were several more famous "Imperial Allied Army" teams, such as the "North China Appeasement Army", and the "Peace Founding Army", which was in North China; In the northeast region, it is called the "Manchukuo Army".

During the entire War of Resistance Against Japan, the number of these puppet troops exceeded the number of Japanese troops invading China. To some extent, the reason why the War of Resistance Against Japan was dragged on for so long was that the existence of a large number of puppet troops was a big factor.



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Where there are many traitors, there are naturally few places. So which provinces had the fewest traitors during the Anti-Japanese War?

The answer is Guangxi, Hunan, Sichuan and Chongqing.

At that time, Guangxi had a total population of 12 million, but the number of anti-Japanese troops reached 1 million, the largest per capita and the most fierce team in war. It is recorded that in some places, conscription still needs to catch strong ding, but Guangxi conscription is overstaffed. In the end, the government persuaded the list, and then published the list through the publication.



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At that time, Hunan had a population of 30 million, and a total of about 2.3 million troops were dispatched. The Xiang army did not cover the war, and the Battle of Songhu and Hunan accounted for 1/6 of the total strength of the Chinese side, and at least two of the five main forces of the Nationalist army at that time were the Xiang army. Moreover, in the first year of the War of Resistance, the Japanese army had already fought northeast to Hubei, but Hunan was dragged for seven years.



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As for the Sichuan Army (Sichuan-Chongqing), the phrase "without Sichuan, no army" is enough to explain. At that time, the generals of the Sichuan Army led by Liu Xiang gathered to discuss the anti-Japanese war and gave up their previous suspicions, and a total of 3.5 million troops marched to the anti-Japanese front. Liu Xiang encouraged the people of the province in his published "Letter to the Jun and People of Chuan Kang": In order to stabilize its own survival, the Chinese nation cannot but actively resist Japan's aggression and atrocities! All mainlanders must go through all the hardships and seek results from the corpse mountain and the sea of blood!

On this side, the Sichuan army just left Sichuan to resist the Japanese, and the Nationalist government moved the capital to Chongqing on the back foot. In the past 8 years, Sichuan and Chongqing have carried all kinds of overloaded burdens, and those who have money have contributed and made powerful contributions. At the Baisha Gold Donation Ceremony, more than 10,000 male and female students knelt on the ground, crying and begging the celebrity gentry present to donate money to save the country. At the Luxian Donation Meeting, a group of beggars poured into the fundraising box with broken bowls containing the begging life money, and the wounded soldiers with broken hands and feet supported each other and donated more than 10,000 yuan that they sold by weaving rattan chairs and oilcloth umbrellas...

According to incomplete statistics from the National Government at that time, since the Sichuan army left Sichuan to resist Japan, the total amount of funds raised by the Sichuan people in the first two times alone reached 600 to 700 million yuan. Most of this huge amount of money was used to purchase aircraft, artillery, guns and other weapons urgently needed on the battlefield. According to statistics from the Ministry of Military Affairs of the National Government at that time, of the approximately 150,000 educated young people registered to join the army, more than 40,000 in Sichuan Province alone, ranking first in the country.

Moreover, many of them were still engaged and specially postponed the marriage date, including many only sons who were exempt from military service also insisted on going to war, and even some children of high-ranking officials actively signed up, including Zhang Jizheng, the son of Zhang Qun, then chairman of the Sichuan provincial government. In the national anti-Japanese army, one out of every 10 people is a Sichuanese, so it is called Wuchuan and no army!

There is a saying that says so, the Gui army is fierce, the Xiang army is brave, and the Sichuan army is brutal! It is also necessary to mention here the 60th Army of the Yunnan Army, which reached a draw with 13,869 killed and more than 12,000 Japanese killed in 27 days after the outbreak of the Yuwangshan Blockade. The reason why this unit is not famous is because they have never won a civil war, but they have never lost a foreign war!

If another large-scale war breaks out in our country, will there still be so many traitors?

I think there will definitely be quite a few, just as the so-called trees have dead branches, and there are many people with scum! But I think that there will certainly not be as much as during the Sino-Japanese War. Because with the current military strength of our country, it is absolutely impossible to let the war burn to the mainland, so people do not have to bear so much panic and pressure.

Therefore, only a country with a strong military force can the people live a stable and peaceful life, so that we can work hard in a peaceful and stable environment, and so that children can grow and learn without worry.

In fact, everyone's ideology is different, some people's feelings of home and country are not so strong, and some people's willpower will be relatively weak, which is related to the environment and education he has received since childhood. Of course, Xiaobian will definitely not be a traitor, he has been trained as a cattle for five years in the division investigation camp, and he can carry the anti-prisoner training, and he would absolutely rather die unyielding!

If one day even the first echelon and the second echelon can't be blocked, it is estimated that only the invasion of the earth by alien advanced civilizations will occur. If there really is an alien invasion of the earth, I estimate that it will have to be handed over to the compatriots in the Chaoshan area of Guangdong to deal with it, and it must be very good to catch it for raw pickling.

Fan Jianchuan: During the Anti-Japanese War, there were not only 1 million puppet troops, 3 million civil servants and 1.7 million puppet police!

In 1945, in Chinese mainland the entire surrendered Japanese army, including Tohoku, together 1.3 million people, and 100,000 people who were not Japanese, 50,000 Taiwanese, 50,000 Koreans, Japanese speaking Japanese troops, I am talking about large numbers.

The Kuomintang and the Communist Party combined exceeded 7 million. More than 7 million versus more than 1.3 million, why can't it be done for a long time?

There used to be an old saying that there were more than 1 million puppet troops. In fact, there are two sayings: nearly 3 million civil servants, more than 1.7 million police officers (plus more than 1 million puppet troops), which adds up to nearly 6 million people.

6 million literate and socially connected Chinese helped the Japanese. Otherwise, there are only twenty or thirty Japanese in a prefecture, how can he work? It's all Chinese help him, why is this happening?

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This is something that other countries do not have, like the Vichy regime in France, which helped the Germans maintain power, but his marshal made it clear to the Germans:

I can maintain law and order for you, I can be a police officer for you to be responsible for policing, but there are two things I will not do for you: first, I cannot organize an army to fight our compatriots, which is unacceptable to me; Second, I can't have this kind of secret service organization, you want to arrest the resistance organization, you arrest, I will maintain law and order for you, this is the bottom line of the traitor.

But it's different in China.

Let me say a detail, every bureau of civil servants in this occupied area, such as the water company and the power supply bureau, has Japanese supervisors.

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The general manager of the water company is a Chinese and a traitor, but they have a supervisor, and any engineering and personnel appointments and dismissals must be signed by this supervisor in Japan.

What documents did they send? The original is with me. This roughly means that for the sake of greater East Asia's common prosperity and better communication with Japanese counselors and supervisors, our civil servants must now study Japanese on their own and take Japanese language workshops.

If you have a level of Japanese, you can be given a salary increase of one level, a salary increase of two levels, and a salary increase of three levels.

If he could raise his salary, buy a few bags of flour, a few more pieces of meat and a few bottles of wine, he would desperately study Japanese.

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Taiwan has been colonized by Japan for 50 years, Japanese has become the official language of Taiwan, has been Japaneseized, the three eastern provinces have only been 14 years, many elderly people have received Japanese education.

If China had really been occupied by the Japanese, television and radio would already be in Japanese, and this would be a matter of extinction of the country.

After this traitor ugly museum is repaired, I dare not display it, I am afraid of encountering great resistance and controversy, I think that clearing the traitor culture in the national genes, when the Chinese nation encounters this kind of thing again, the traitor can be more than less.

I am working on the Japanese invasion of China, and I am asking the most famous Japanese designer, Arata Isozaki, who designed the Barcelona Olympic venue.

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(Arata Isozaki and Jianchuan Fan)

Isozaki Arata is 80 years old, his generation in Japan is equivalent to China's I.M. Pei, he designed the Japanese military museum for the invasion of China, and the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War will open in 2015.

The Japanese sent a threatening letter to Isozaki, saying that you are the best architect of the Yamato nation, you designed the venue of the Barcelona Olympic Games, why did you design the Anti-Japanese War Museum for Chinese? Why was the Japanese Invasion Museum designed? Someone else sent him bullets.

Isozaki said: "Mr. Fan is for peace, for China and Japan to never fight again, I agree with Fan Jianchuan's philosophy." ”

How did I get involved in the invasion of the Japanese military pavilion in China? This museum is truthfully about a division that went to the northeast and later to Nanyang, where it was wiped out, and I am honestly saying that all my cultural relics were bought back from Japan.

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According to the military history, the information I collected from Japan was a hall in 1931, a hall in 1932, a hall in 1933, and a special topic a year until 1945, clearly explaining the Japanese invasion of China.

Even if there is no Nanjing Massacre and Pingdingshan Massacre in your army, your aggression is the biggest crime, who let you come?

Without the consent of the customs, aggression is the greatest crime, even if you are a civilized master, even if the Japanese have good military discipline, never rape, never kill and set fire, or military acts, you are still an act of aggression, aggression is the greatest crime.

The preview exhibition of the Japanese military museum in China has already begun to be exhibited, and now it is almost money, and preparations are underway.

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My "One Man's War of Resistance" won the "China Book Award". There are my singing songs, my own songs, but the more difficult thing is to listen to me speak Duan Sichuan dialect, speak Duan Sichuan dialect and sing a song.

My father's name is Fan Zhongyi, he passed away, so my name here is Zhongyi Tang, and we are from Shanxi.

My father participated in the eighth route in 1940 and my father-in-law participated in the eighth route in 1938, and they also had a great influence on me, and my aunt was killed by the Japanese.

What I did in this museum is to donate to the country, my daughter does not want it. I wrote a legal document, my wife signed it, I will manage it in one day, continue to build, I want to die today, tomorrow I will donate to the Chengdu city government.

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The Chengdu Municipal Government specially came to make an assessment, about more than 8 billion yuan, even the land, the land is auctioned real estate land, I donated all to the Chengdu Municipal Government, I don't want it.

After you look at my 25 museums, you only see 1% of the cultural relics, and 99% are still in the warehouse.

This year, I received 20,000 diaries from the sixties and seventies since the founding of New China, 50 tons of handwritten materials, 10,000 copies of films, 3 million portrait medals of Chairman Mao, and more than 1 million tickets.

First, the US Military Pavilion for Aid to China is the only one in China.

Second, the Japanese military museum that invaded China may also be the only one in China that really talks about the behavior of the Japanese, the behavior of this army, and the behavior of the Japanese army that invaded China.

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Third, there is also a traitor ugly museum, and the traitor ugly state museum has not yet been displayed.

There is little controversy about the Japanese military museum that invaded China.

But there are many different accounts for the traitor museum, such as Wang Jingwei, and some people think, who will do the education in the occupied area? Who is in charge of the security of the occupied areas? There needs to be a regime.

I agree with what you did in the occupied areas, but you collected a lot of taxes from the Japanese, enjoyed prosperity and wealth, sent intelligence to the Japanese, and even cooperated with the Japanese to seize the armed forces and the Eighth Route Army.

If this museum is not on display, I am afraid that it will cause a big disagreement, but I think this matter cannot be displayed without display.

It is very strange that the victory of the War of Resistance will be 70 years next year, and there is no place to denounce the traitors.

(Narrator: Fan Jianchuan, director of the Jianchuan Anti-Japanese Museum)

In the 14 years of resistance against Japan, the Japanese invaders successively supported a number of puppet regimes and formed and incorporated many puppet armies. According to incomplete statistics, the number of people who have participated in the puppet army is as high as 2 million, and although many puppet troops were eliminated in the War of Resistance, by the time Japan surrendered, there were still millions of puppet troops in the country. Among them, there are 238996 pseudo-regular troops reorganized by the national army alone, and 779116 pseudo-local troops that have been reorganized.

The following is a brief description of each part of the puppet army based on the information that can be found.

1. The pseudo-Mongolian army

After occupying the northeast region, the Japanese army continued to infiltrate the Inner Mongolia region, and in addition to merging the puppet Mongol army adjacent to the northeast into the puppet Manchukuo army, it also continued to win over and support King De (Demuchuk Dongrupu), Li Shouxin and other troops.

In 1932, King De obtained 2 mortars, 4 machine guns and hundreds of rifles from the Nationalist government to form a security team; In 1934, several mortars, more than 20 machine guns, hundreds of rifle pistols and hundreds of thousands of dollars were obtained, which was able to strengthen the armament. At the same time, the Japanese were also wooing King De, promising him 5,000 rifles and hundreds of thousands of yuan in funds in the winter of 1935; After that, the Japanese made the puppet army Li Shouxin belong to King De, and then the so-called puppet Mongolian army was created.

Li Shouxin, commander of the 17th Cavalry Brigade of the Northeast Army, led his troops to join the Japanese army in the spring of 1933 in Linxi, Suiyuan. Li Shouxin was originally a bandit in Rehe, who defected to the Northeast Army when the Northeast changed its banner and was appointed commander of the 34th Regiment of the 17th Cavalry Brigade. He was promoted to brigade commander in 1933 and joined the Japanese army shortly after. He was appointed by the Japanese side as the commander of Jinglin Liu. In September, it was reorganized into the Chadong Garrison Army, fighting against the Chahar Anti-Japanese Allied Army, and its commander Li Shouxin. It has two divisions and an artillery unit.

　　After the establishment of the puppet Mongolian Xinjiang government, the department was reorganized into the First Army of the Puppet Mongolian Xinjiang Army, and Li Shou trusted the commander-in-chief of the puppet Mongolian Xinjiang Army and the commander of the 1st Army. The General Headquarters of the Puppet Mongolian Frontier Army has two corps, each with four divisions, plus a guard division, an artillery regiment, an artillery unit directly under it, and a gendarmerie unit. It is claimed to be 10,000 people, and the actual strength is about 5,000 or 6,000 people. In addition to artillery, all of the units are cavalry, including a large number of Han soldiers in addition to Mongolian soldiers, so it is known as the so-called "Mongolian Division" and "Han Division" internally, and the general headquarters is stationed in Suiyuan. On September 1, 1939, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Divisions of the 1st Army were reorganized into the Jing'an Garrison (Armed Police), and the forces under its jurisdiction were reduced to six divisions. In the autumn of 1944, the Jing'an Garrison was reorganized back to its original structure.

In November 1936, the puppet army of Wang Yingbu, reorganized by the puppet Mongolian army and bandits, launched an attack on Suiyuan, but was defeated by Fu Zuoyibu and fled, which was the Suiyuan War of Resistance before the All-out War of Resistance. After the outbreak of the All-out War of Resistance, the puppet Mongolian army continued to fight with Fu Zuoyi and the Eighth Route Army in Suiyuan, except for one that was annihilated, the Japanese army also transferred a large number of troops to enrich the puppet Manchu army, so the total size of the pseudo-Mongolian army in the middle and late stages of the War of Resistance was only a few thousand people, and it did not play a great role.

　　In October 1945, the Ministry was incorporated into the newly organized 10th Route Army by the Nationalist Government, and the commander-in-chief Li Shouxin.

　　Li Shouxin and King De relied on the old ministry to form another Simon autonomous government and served as deputy commander-in-chief of the Mongol army. After absconding to the Mongolian People's Republic in 1949, he was arrested and extradited to China. He was released in December 1964 by amnesty. He died in 1970.

Pseudo-Mongolian Army sequence

　　Commander-in-Chief Li Shouxin

　　　1st Army Commander Li Shouxin (concurrent)

　　　　Ding Qichang, commander of the artillery unit directly under him

　　　　1st Division Commander Liu Jiguang

　　　　2nd Division Division Commander Yin Baoshan

　　　　3rd Division Commander Wang Zhenhua

　　　　4th Division Commander of the Division

　　　2nd Army Commander Dewang (concurrently)

　　　　The commander of the 5th Division is based on Heng

　　　　6th Division Division Commander Baoyantu / Wuyunfei

　　　　7th Division Commander Mukdenbao

　　　　8th Division Commander Bao Yueqing

　　　　Guard Division (9th Division) Division Commander Xiong Nortun Dubu / Bao Haiming

　　　　Artillery Regiment Commander Wang Yunwu

　　　Liu Jianhua, captain of the gendarmerie

The actual strength of each of the above divisions is less than 1,000 men.

Two: North China Puppet Army

After the outbreak of the All-Out War of Resistance in 1937, the Japanese army quickly occupied most of northern China, and since then it has supported a number of pseudo-organizations to help it maintain its rule, and formed a number of puppet armies to provide weapons and financial support for its own use, the more famous of which are the following.

1. Yin Ru cultivated the puppet army of the Eastern Hebei Autonomous Government

After the Japanese army invaded Rehe in 1933, it continued to infiltrate the eastern Hebei region. After the Tanggu Agreement of 1935, eastern Hebei was included in the so-called "armistice zone," in which Chinese troops were not allowed to enter. After that, the Japanese army used the puppet army it supported to infiltrate eastern Hebei, under the name of the so-called "autonomous army" and "Anguo army", with a total strength of more than 10,000 people.

Later, Guozhuo negotiated with the Japanese army, and Guozhuo paid hundreds of thousands of yuan to reorganize the miscellaneous army (actually a puppet army), of which 4,000 people were left to be organized as the first and second security corps; At the same time, the 51st Army of the Northeast Army of the Nationalist Army sent more than 2,000 troops, and the special police team of Hebei Province was also deployed near eastern Hebei. By the end of 1935, Yin Rugeng had defected to the enemy, and with the support of the Japanese invaders, he established a pseudo-organization in eastern Hebei, and the original security force was renamed the autonomous army, and even the part of the Northeast Army was dragged down. By the time the All-Out War of Resistance broke out, the puppet army had expanded into 4 security corps and 1 teaching team, with a total strength of 15,000 troops, and another 15,000 puppet guard regiments. However, the original Northeast Army among them was not willing to be a puppet army, and after the July Seven Incident, this puppet army rebelled many times, and once captured the traitor Yin Rugeng alive, so the strength of this puppet army was greatly reduced.

2. Qi Xieyuan, North China Puppet Army

In December 1937, the Japanese army established the puppet government of the Republic of China in Peiping, headed by some Chinese traitors. However, at this time, the Japanese army did not attach much importance to the role of the puppet army, and it clearly stipulated that "armed groups that surrendered should be disarmed and returned to agriculture or labor." However, as the front lengthened, the Japanese army gradually felt that its strength was insufficient, and at this time, Qi Xieyuan (who had served as the overseer of Jiangsu in the Beiyang period) in the puppet government wanted to capture an armed force of his own, so the two hit it off and decided to form a puppet army in North China.

Because Qi Xieyuan had been a warlord, he had his own understanding of army building, and in line with the idea of "first set up learning, then build the army", he first established the North China Puppet Army Officer School with the support of the Japanese army, and then trained trusted officers as commanders to recruit puppet troops, so that this armed force could be controlled by himself. Since then, the pseudo-military schools established successively include the pseudo-North China Army Sergeant Instruction Corps, the pseudo-North China Army Officer Corps, and the pseudo-North China Military Police School. Most of the teachers of these pseudo-military schools are military and political personnel of the former national government who have defected to the Japanese army, and they are also among the cadets, but because the reputation of the pseudo-organization is too bad, there are often cases of recruiting unsatisfactory people, thus deceiving some people to enroll. But in any case, through these means, the puppet government in North China trained some puppet army backbones.

In September 1939, the first phase of the North China Puppet Security Army was established with 8 regiments as the backbone and organized into 3 groups (brigade-level) and 2 independent regiments. The puppet army group has about 200 people directly under it, 1 infantry regiment has a strength of 1370 people, and it has 3 infantry battalions and 1 machine gun, mortar, and cavalry detachment. There is one Japanese instructor each in the group headquarters, infantry regiment headquarters and battalion headquarters. Most of its soldiers are young adults who have been forcibly recruited or defrauded in the occupied areas, so the flight rate is high.

After the establishment of the Nanjing Wang puppet government in 1940, the Japanese army nominally merged the puppet government of Beiping into the Nanjing Wang puppet government, and the puppet North China Security Army was renamed the "Appeasement Army", and it expanded 14 new regiments, belonging to 4 groups, 6 independent regiments, and also formed artillery teams. By October 1941, the North China Puppet Army had expanded five infantry regiments, infantry instruction regiments and sergeant instruction regiments, and also formed a puppet navy. In the later period, the puppet security army continued to expand, and at its peak, it was called the "100,000-strong army".

The above are only the regular armies of the puppet army in North China, and there are also a large number of pseudo-local armies in the provinces and counties of North China. From 1938 to 1939, the Japanese army in North China controlled a large number of pseudo-police, pseudo-security regiments, and pseudo-self-defense regiments, some of which were defeated troops of the former national army, some of which were county security regiments formed by the former national government, some were bandits or hooligans, and some were young and middle-aged people who were coerced or abducted by the Japanese and pseudo-Japanese, and their leaders were mostly local tyrants and bullies.

After August 1939, except for some puppet police in the counties of the occupied areas of North China, the other local puppet armies were integrated into puppet garrisons. By the end of that year, there were 11,000 pseudo-garrisons in Hebei Province alone, 26,000 by 1940, and nearly 70,000 in early 1943, with an average of more than 600 pseudo-garrisons in each county. If you add the pseudo-garrisons in Shanxi, Shandong and Henan, their strength far exceeds that of the pseudo-North China security/appeasement army as a regular army. After 1943, the pseudo-guard force was renamed the Security Force or Security Wing, and the name was changed but the nature remained the same.

In terms of specific operations, the Japanese army had hoped that the regular pseudo-regular army could play a role, but its repeated failures against the Eighth Route Army bankrupted the original plan to expand the army to 100 regiments, and in the later period, this pseudo-regular army mainly engaged the Eighth Route Army in eastern Hebei. In fact, it is the local puppet armies in various places that really cooperate with the Japanese army and pose a greater threat to our anti-Japanese army and people. In the middle and late stages of the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese army in many counties was basically composed of 1 squadron of the Japanese army plus a pseudo-military garrison. For example, the puppet army in the 21 counties of western Hebei carried out 943 sweeps alone in 1941 alone, with an average of more than 40 times per county.

A large part of these puppet armies are composed of local tyrants and bullies, and their combat effectiveness is not strong, and most of the sweeps are aimed at the burning and looting of the common people. In the joint sweep with the Japanese army, many tragedies were participated by puppet troops, such as the Panjiayu massacre, in which 1,230 local people were killed, including puppet garrisons from Fengrun, Yutian, Qian'an and other places. In many of the strongholds built by the Japanese army, it was also these pseudo-garrisons that were mainly responsible for garrison tasks, which relied on strong fortifications and weapons to greatly help the Japanese army to implement the "prison cage" policy.

The Eighth Route Army's policy toward the puppet army is to win over sympathizers, control duplicity, and crack down on elements who are resolute in their evil. In addition to the military crackdown on the puppet army, it also dismantled the puppet army politically, and achieved great results. In the middle and late stages of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, many puppet armies had established secret contacts with the Eighth Route Army, such as the 1,397 secret ties in the puppet army in southern Hebei. From January to April 1943, through the use of the connections in the puppet army, the southern Hebei puppet army fought 177 times with the Eighth Route Army and uprooted 109 strongholds.

As for the puppet army elements who resolutely committed evil, the Eighth Route Army organized hoeing teams to eradicate the traitors, and at the same time the main forces and local troops cooperated to crack down on the puppet army that resolutely cooperated with the Japanese army or committed many evils. According to statistics, in 1944, the Shandong puppet army alone had more than 12,000 guns. However, the base of the puppet army in North China was very large, and it was still quite large by the time Japan surrendered, and most of them were absorbed by the Nationalist army after that.

North China Security Army Sequence

Commander-in-Chief Qi Xieyuan. Headquartered in Peiping, it has jurisdiction over twelve group armies with a total strength of about 60,000 people.

First Group Li Runquan

Group 2 Li Ying

Group 3 Lu Fengce

Group 4 Chen Zhiping

Fifth Group Liu Huanan

Sixth Group Qi Rong

Seventh Group Marven Qi

Group 8 Xu Guanyi

Wang Bin of the ninth group

The 1001st Group Qian Fuan

102 Group Goldlin

Teach the group army Tian Shen

3. Wang Yingsuiyuan puppet army

Wang Ying was a local tyrant in Suiyuan, and then he became a bandit in Suixi and entrenched in Suiyuan for a long time, this person was good at speculation, when Feng Yuxiang took the oath, he donated tens of thousands of sheep to Feng Yuxiang, and was named the commander of the local road protection by Feng Yuxiang, and after Feng Yuxiang's department withdrew from Suiyuan, he defected to Yan Xishan; After the end of the Central Plains War, he joined the Northeast Army again, then served as the division commander of the Northeast Army and the commander of the Chabei guerrilla, and after 918, he was appointed as the commander of the Suiyuan Volunteer Army, and in 1935 he surrendered to the enemy.

　　After Wang Ying surrendered to the enemy, he gathered the old department in Zhangjiakou and organized it into five brigades. The Japanese side awarded the title of Han Rebel Army. In November 1936, the unit attacked Fu Zuoyi's 35th Army in Suiyuan, but Fu Zuoyi was defeated, and four of the five brigades in his division were anyway. Wang Ying fled to Tianjin. In 1937, the Japanese side appointed Wang Ying as chairman of the Suixi Autonomous Committee, and Wang gathered the remaining remnants and local reactionary forces. The ministry was reorganized into the Suixi Autonomous United Army in 1939, with Wang Ying, commander-in-chief. It has three divisions, the commanders of which are Chen Bingyi, Wu Qingyun/Wang Wanfu, and Chang Zhiyi, stationed in Baotou, with a strength of about 4,000 people. In March 1940, the ministry suffered another heavy blow from Fu Zuoyi's ministry in Suiyuan Wuyuan, and has been in a slump ever since.

　　In October 1945, the department was incorporated into the 1st Cavalry Army for Fu Zuoyi, with Wang Ying as commander-in-chief. Xuan was reorganized into the 14th Cavalry Column, with Wang Ying as the column leader. Wang Ying later served as the commander-in-chief of the Northern Parallel Battalion and the commander-in-chief of the communist army. He was arrested in 1950 and died in January 1951.

4. Bai Fengxiang Suiyuan puppet army

Bai Fengxiang was originally the commander of the 6th Cavalry Division of the Northeast Army, and after the Xi'an Incident, he planned to be promoted to commander, because Zhang Xueliang was detained and transferred to the Mazhanshanshan Northeast Advance Army Gao Staff. In the spring of 1940, the northeast advanced to the northeast, and Gao Jian Bai Fengxiang led more than 1,000 men to join the enemy in Suixi. The headquarters was reorganized into the pseudo-cavalry 6th division, with the division commander Bai Fengxiang. By 1938, Bai Fengxiang had successively absorbed more than 1,000 officers and soldiers from Fu Zuoyi's subordinates to join the enemy, and was ordered to establish the General Headquarters of the Puppet East Asian Alliance National Salvation Army, with Bai Fengxiang as the commander-in-chief. The division was expanded into the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th Cavalry Divisions. The strength of the army is about 2,000 people. Resident in Suiyuan Guyang. In 1942, Bai Fengxiang planned to lead his troops anyway, and the matter was known to the Japanese side, but Bai was poisoned and killed. Some of the units to which they belong join the national army, and some are either disbanded or used separately.

5. Cai Xiongfei Shanxi puppet army

Cai Xiongfei was a native of Northeast China, serving in the Northeast Army in his early years, and after the Great Wall War of Resistance, he was transferred to the Jin-Sui Army with the 68th Division and served as the deputy commander of the 68th Division of the 19th Army. In the spring of 1939, Cai Xiongfei and the commander of the regiment, Tang Jiamo, were captured and surrendered to the enemy in Liishi, Shanxi. The Japanese side organized the prisoners of the unit into the Xingya Imperial Army, and Cai Xiongfei and Tang Jiamo were appointed as the chief and deputy commanders. There were two columns under its jurisdiction. The strength of the army is 500 people. The headquarters was later reorganized into the Japanese Hedong Province Security Team, with commander Cai Xiongfei and deputy commander Tang Jiamo. The strength of the army is about three thousand people. The ministry is stationed in Zhaocheng, Shanxi. In July 1945, Yan Xishan was incorporated into the newly organized 2nd Division, with division commander Tang Jiamo. Cai Xiongfei was arrested and shot after the victory of the War of Resistance because he did not cooperate with Yan Xishan when he took up his false position.

6. Zhao Rui Shanxi puppet army

On July 26, 1942, Zhao Rui, acting commander of the 1st Cavalry Army and commander of the 1st Cavalry Division, Duan Bingchang, deputy commander of the 1st Cavalry Division, Yang Cheng, commander of the 4th Cavalry Division, and He Kun, deputy commander of the 4th Cavalry Division, led his troops to surrender to the enemy in Shanxi Purification, according to Zhao Rui, the headquarters was besieged by the Japanese army in Shanxi on July 14, 1942, losing one part, and then led the headquarters to Taiyuan on the order of Yan Xishan to be reorganized by the Japanese army. On July 26, it was reorganized into the Shanxi Suppression Communist Army.

　　The headquarters was reorganized by the Japanese side as the Shanxi Suppression Communist Army, and the commander was Zhao Rui. It has the 1st Division (Division Commander Zhao Rui concurrently, Deputy Division Commander Duan Bingchang) and the 2nd Division (Division Commander Yang Cheng concurrently, Deputy Division Commander He Kun). Among them, the commander of the 1st Division was later changed to Li Baosen. The headquarters of the department was stationed in Taiyuan, the 1st Division was stationed in Wuxiang, Shanxi, and the 2nd Division was stationed in Laoxian, Shanxi. The strength of the army is about five thousand people.

　　In July 1945, the unit was incorporated into Yan Xishan into the newly organized 1st Army (commander Zhao Rui), the newly organized 2nd Army (commander Yang Cheng), the newly organized 4th Division (division commander Duan Bingchang), and the newly organized 5th Division (division commander He Kun). In October, all units were transformed into provincial defense forces. Later, it was reorganized as the 8th General Team, with Zhao Rui as the general captain. On the eve of the liberation of Taiyuan, the ministry revolted.

Three: Wang pseudo-puppet army

From 1937 to 1938, the Japanese army invaded and occupied large areas of eastern and central China, and also supported a pseudo-appeasement army of about 20,000 people and a pseudo-peace salvation army of more than 10,000 people. By December 1938, Wang Jingwei had surrendered to the enemy, and Japan used it as a banner to organize a large number of officials who had surrendered from the former national government, and established the puppet Nanjing National Government in early 1940.

The puppet Nanjing government established the puppet army officer training corps and the puppet peaceful founding army, and since then since 1940, it has continuously absorbed and sorted out the puppet army, and the puppet army directly under its orders has been directly under its orders, except for the original puppet appeasement army (and the puppet security army in northern China has also been changed to the puppet army but is not under its command), the rest of the puppet army has been temporarily organized into a certain division and a certain brigade of the peaceful founding army, and by the end of 1940, the puppet army directly under the department totaled more than 88,000 people.

From 1941 to 1942, the Wang puppet army symbolically established the navy and air force, and constantly expanded its troops. Among them, the pseudo-central guard army has expanded by more than 15,000 people, and Zhou Fohai's pseudo-central tax police corps also has more than 10,000 people. The core strength of the Zhou Fohai Puppet Tax Police Corps comes from a notorious puppet army - the Yellow Guard Army. The unit was created by Xiong Jiandong, commander of the Songhu Task Force who was originally a military commander, and the Japanese army allocated it more than 20 machine guns and 800 rifles, with bandits, ruffians, and defeated soldiers as the main troops, and the initial strength was only 3 regiments and 1 special agent battalion. However, in addition to the military commander, the core personnel of the department also include Huangpu Sheng, such as Zou Pingfan, chief of the General Staff Office, graduated from Huangpu Phase 6, Adjutant Director Luo Difang also graduated from Huangpu Phase 6, and Wang Xianglong, commander of the Second Regiment, graduated from Huangpu Phase 7.

The first battle of this unit was fought against the national army, which was rare in the puppet army. After its defeat, the Japanese army supplied it with 4 mountain guns, 12 mortars, 12 heavy machine guns, 30 light machine guns, and 1,200 rifles. At the same time, Yu Shijie, a student of the sixth phase of Huangpu, succeeded Li Xuchu, chief of staff and commander of the second machine gun company, and Du Zhu, captain of the officer corps, both graduated from the 14th period of Whampoa, and Li Rui, captain of the army primary school team, graduated from the 16th term of Whampoa. By the spring of 1942, this puppet army had expanded to more than 8,000 men and more than 6,000 guns in two divisions, and then began to engage the New Fourth Army. Not only that, Xiong Jiandong also established the so-called "Yellow Guard Military School".

The puppet Nanjing regime later brought this puppet army under its command, and most of it was reorganized into the 29th Division of the puppet army, and one was brought to Shanghai by Xiong Jiandong, becoming the core of the above-mentioned puppet central tax police corps. The main source of the Wang puppet army is not to recruit new soldiers, but to woo and lure down the troops of the former national army. There are central armies and local armies in the national army, and there are real power factions in the local army, such as the Gui Army and the Yunnan Army, all of which have their own territory, and there are also down-and-out factions, such as the former Northeast Army and the Northwest Army.

Since the replenishment of soldiers, the distribution of food, the distribution of weapons, and the operation plan were all dominated by the central army, the weapons and structures of the miscellaneous armies in many places in the middle and late stages of the War of Resistance were extremely damaged, and these troops were often sent behind enemy lines to fight guerrilla, and they often directly reorganized and surrendered to the enemy behind enemy lines (the Jicha Theater and the Sulu Theater set up by the national government). In addition, some motley troops surrendered to the enemy at the behest of Chiang Kai-shek, who clearly stated that when the situation was unfavorable, they could "preserve their strength and temporarily surrender." After the latter's surrender, he mainly fought the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army under the banner of the puppet army, and at the same time participated in the Japanese army's military operations such as sweeping the occupied areas and clearing the countryside, suppressing the anti-Japanese army and civilians.

According to statistics, there were at least 99 generals of the Nationalist Army who defected to the enemy during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, including 46 former Northwest Army and 11 former Northeast Military Department, and more than 500,000 formed troops. The Northwest Army and the Northeast Army are both motley armies that have lost their territory and strong leaders, and the phenomenon of defecting to the enemy is worth studying. This part of the puppet army usually holds the banner of "saving the country with a curve", and rarely fights with the national army, mainly with the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, which is also the main force of the regular puppet army during the Anti-Japanese War period. In addition to their puppet military status, many officers also have a letter of appointment for the national army.

Through various means, Wang's puppet army eventually cobbled together six fronts and four appeasement offices, its main deployment areas were southern North China, central China, and eastern China, and the opponents fighting were mainly the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army. After the victory of the War of Resistance, most of the puppet troops of this department were absorbed by the national army. The specific sequence of Wang Puppet Army is as follows:

(1) The sequence of the Wang puppet army

1. The pseudo-First Front served as the Ministry of Aid

This department was formed by the appeasement army of the former Nanjing Restoration government, and was appointed as the former minister of appeasement of the puppet government, and composed of bandit armed landlords, armed landlords, and gang forces stranded in Jiangnan Province, and was stationed in the Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui regions. In January 1941, it was reorganized as the Wang Puppet First Front.

The commander-in-chief Ren Aidao, the chief of staff Huang Qixing

The 1st Division was renamed from the former Hangzhou Pacification District, and the division commander was still Xu Pucheng, mainly composed of Taihu Lake water police and stragglers, stationed in the area of Jiaxing, Hangzhou.

The 2nd Division was renamed from Changshu Pacification District, the division commander was still Xu Fengzao, and in April 1942, Xu Fengzao resigned, and He Xiegui was appointed as the division commander, mainly composed of Taihu bandits and Kuomintang troops, and stationed in Changshu area.

The 3rd Division was renamed from the former Suzhou Pacification District, the division commander was Gong Guoliang, and in October Gong resigned, and Huang Qixing, chief of staff of the Front Army, concurrently served as the division commander, mainly composed of Kuomintang troops and stationed in the Suzhou area.

The 4th Division was renamed from the former Yangzhou Pacification District, still with Xiong Yuheng as the division commander, mainly composed of local miscellaneous army remnants, and stationed in the Yangzhou area.

The 5th Division was renamed from the former Huzhou Appeasement District, still with Cheng Wanjun as the division commander, mainly composed of Kuomintang troops, and stationed in the Huzhou area.

The 6th Division was renamed from the former Bengbu Appeasement District, still with Shen Xiru as the division commander, and was composed of local miscellaneous troops and landlord forces. Based in Chaohu area, Anhui.

The 7th Division was renamed from the former Luzhou Appeasement District, still with Wang Zhanlin as the division commander, formed by Kuomintang troops and bandits, and stationed in the area of Luzhou in Hefei.

The 8th Independent Brigade, Shen Yuchao was the brigade commander, stationed in the Nantong area.

Independent 9th Brigade, Chen Yansheng as the brigade commander, stationed in the Nanjing area.

On January 17, 1942, the above two independent brigades and one independent regiment were organized into the 9th Division of the Front, with Chen Yansheng as the division commander.

The teaching brigade was led by Ren Zuxuan, the eldest son of Ren Aidao.

On March 29, 1943, the puppet military commission organized the front into two corps of the 2nd and 3rd armies, and reduced its 8 divisions and 1 instruction brigade to 4 divisions.

In the 2nd Army, Xu Pu became the commander and He Xiegui became the deputy commander and chief of staff

It has jurisdiction over the 1st Division, with division commander Cheng Wanjun;

2nd Division, Division Commander Ren Zuxuan.

In the 3rd Army, the commander was concurrently served by the commander-in-chief of the front

3rd Division, Division Commander Xiong Yuheng;

4th Division, Division Commander Wang Zhanlin.

There are separate regiments directly under the General Headquarters of the Front.

After Japan announced its surrender in 1945, the department was first absorbed by the Kuomintang Third Theater and reorganized into the Nanjing Advance Army, with Ren Yudao as the commander, and Xiong Yuheng, commander of the Third Division of the Puppet Army, as the commander of the Third Division of the Nanjing Advance Army. Xu Pucheng, former commander of the puppet Second Army, was appointed commander-in-chief of the first route of the Jiangsu-Zhejiang Advance Army, Cheng Wanjun, commander of the first division of the pseudo-second army, was appointed commander of the first column of the first road of the Jiangsu-Zhejiang Advance Army, and Ren Zuxuan, commander of the second division of the pseudo-second army, was appointed commander of the second division of the Jiangsu-Zhejiang advance army. Later, most of the department was incorporated into the 71st Army of the Kuomintang, and he was appointed as a senior staff member of Tang Enbo's headquarters.

2. Sun Liangcheng Department of the pseudo-Second Front

　　Commander-in-Chief Sun Liangcheng Deputy Commander-in-Chief Zhang Weixi (appointed in February 1943, died of illness in August 1944, the post was vacant) Chief of Staff Zhen Jiyin (captured by the 8th Route Army in Puyang in September 1943)/Gu Dajiang

　　　Sun Yutian, commander of the 37th Division

　　　Commander of the 4th Army Zhao Yunxiang

　　　　38th Division Commander Pan Ziming

　　　　39th Division Commander Dai Xinkuan

　　　Wang Qinghan, commander of the 5th Army

　　　　40th Division Division Commander Wang Hemin

　　　　41st Division Division Commander Song Rongxin

　　　9th Army Commander Sun Liangcheng (concurrently) (this unit was originally the Wang Puppet 1st Army, transferred to the 2nd Front Army in November 1944, see Li Changjiang Department for details)

　　　　24th Division Commander Yan Xiuwu

　　　　25th Division Division Commander Qin Qinglin

　　　　26th Division Commander Chen Caifu

After the department was formed, it was transferred to the area around Dongmingkao City, Henan. On February 27, 1943, the puppet Nationalist government appointed Zhang Weixi as the deputy commander-in-chief of the ministry. In September of that year, the Eighth Route Army annihilated the headquarters and special forces regiment in Puyang, and its chief of staff, Zhen Jiyin, was taken prisoner. On October 23, the puppet national government appointed Gu Dajiang as chief of staff.

　　In November 1944, the Wang puppet government adjusted its military deployment and transferred the unit from Henan to the area around Taizhou, Yangzhou in northern Jiangsu, and transferred the 24th Division to which Li Changjiang belonged, and the division commander Yan Xiuwu; 25th Division, Division Commander Tai Qinglin; The 26th Division, commander Chen Caifu, was organized into the Ninth Army and placed under the command of Sun Liangcheng.

3. Wuhua Cultural Department of the pseudo-Third Front

　　Commander-in-Chief Wu Huawen, Deputy Commander-in-Chief Ning Chunlin, and Chief of Staff Guo Shoutian

　　　Directly under the commander of the 50th Division, Xu Yuzheng

　　　The commander of the 6th Army was Yu Huai'an

　　　　46th Division Division Commander Xu Shusheng

　　　　47th Division Commander He Zhao

　　　Yang Youbai, commander of the 7th Army

　　　　48th Division Commander Zhao Guangxing

　　　　49th Division Division Commander Wang Tongyu

The department was reorganized by the Kuomintang Army's Wu Huawen Department who was the commander of the pistol brigade of the Third Route Army of Han Fuyu before the War of Resistance. After Han Fuyu was shot in early 1938, the ministry remained in Shandong and became subordinate to the Shandong provincial government. After 1939, it was subordinate to the Rusu Theater. In 1940, it was reorganized into the newly organized 4th Division, with Wu Huawen as the division commander, stationed in the Linyi area of Lunan. On January 18, 1943, Wu Huawen, together with Xu Zizhen, chief of staff of the division, Yu Huai'an, commander of the new First Division, and Ning Chunlin of the Luxi Security Command, defected to the enemy. On the 20th of that month, the puppet military commission reorganized the ministry into the Shandong Front, with Wu Huawen as commander-in-chief, Ning Chunlin as deputy commander-in-chief, Guo Shoutian as chief of staff, and Yu Huai'an as commander of the First Army. On 29 July, the Third Front was reorganized, and all divisions were provisional. On November 11, 1944, after being checked by the pseudo-military commission, the word "provisional" was removed.

　　When the unit surrendered to the enemy in January 1943, it had 12,000 troops. In November of that year and March 1944, the Shandong troops of the Eighth Route Army launched three campaigns against Wu, and by the end of 1944, only 6,000 remnants remained. In 1945, 9,000 were replenished. In February of that year, the puppet military commission transferred the department from Shandong to the Bengbu area of Anhui Province to serve as the road protection task of the southern section of Jinpu Road.

4. Pseudo-Fourth Front

Commander-in-Chief Zhang Lanfeng

Directly under the 15th Division, division commander Dou Optoelectronics

In the 1st Army, commander Zhang Lanfeng served concurrently

14th Division, Division Commander Liu Qixiong

17th Division. Division commander Yang Maolin

8th Army, commander Wang Xinmin

16th Division, Division Commander Wang Xinminjian

18th Division, Division Commander Pan Bohao　　

The department was organized by Zhang Lanfeng's puppet army. Zhang Lanfeng was originally a general of the Northwest Army. In September 1938, the Peiping special agency of the Japanese army appointed Zhang as the envoy of Yudong. Zhang Lanfeng immediately took Shangqiu, Henan as a base, collected bandit arms, cobbled together a puppet army, and formed a puppet Yuwan "suppression communist army", under the jurisdiction of 3 roads. On April 2, 1940, Wang reorganized the puppet army stationed in Henan into the Suyu Border Region Appeasement General Headquarters, with Hu Yukun as commander-in-chief, Zhang Lanfeng as deputy commander-in-chief, and Pan Bohao as chief of staff. August after the spot test. It also reorganized the department into a pseudo-"Peace Building Army", with jurisdiction over 3 corps and the first army, commander Zhang Lanfeng, and 3 divisions of the 16th provisional 17th provisional division of the 2nd Army, commander Liu Qixiong; The Third Army, commander, was represented by Dou Optoelectronics.

　　In July 1941, the Second and Third Army was reorganized into the 14th and 15th Provisional Divisions, with Liu Qixiong and Liu Shaokun as division commanders. The provisional 14th Division was placed under the jurisdiction of the 1st Army. The army also had the provisional 16th Division, with division commander Wang Xinmin; The 17th Division was tentatively organized, and the division commander Yang Maolin was provisionally organized the 18th Division, and the division commander Pan Bohao. The post of chief of staff of the former Pan Bohao General Headquarters was promoted by Luan Yunkui.

　　In the winter of 1942, the puppet military committee established the Yuwan-Sulu Border District Appeasement Command, with Hu Yukun as the commander. Resident in Shang Hill. In October 1943, the former Anhui-Sulu Border Region Appeasement Headquarters and the Suyu Border Region Appeasement General Headquarters were merged to form the Second Army. Zhang Lanfeng was appointed commander-in-chief.

　　On 10 February 1944, Fan Pujiang was appointed chief of staff of the army group. On 10 October, the division was renamed the Fourth Front. On November 11, all divisions under the Front abolished the word "provisional" and changed them to regular divisions. It is stationed in Shangqiu area, Henan.

　　After the surrender of the Japanese army in 1945, the Kuomintang Military Commission reorganized the pseudo-Fourth Front Army into the "Advance Army" Fifth Road, with Zhang Lanfeng as the commander-in-chief and then the Zhengzhou Pacification Office reorganized it into the provisional fourth column, with Zhang Lanfeng as the commander.

5. Pang Bingxun Department of the pseudo-Fifth Front

Commander-in-Chief Pang Bingxun Deputy Commander-in-Chief Sun Dianying (the post was vacant after Sun Dianying formed the headquarters of the communist army in northern Yubei) Chief of Staff Wang Hengqing

　　　23rd Division Division Commander Lu Chaoyuan (This unit was reorganized after the 2nd Corps of the Jicha Theater surrendered to the enemy)

　　　51st Division Division Commander Feng Shutang

　　　Independent 14th Brigade

　　The department was reorganized after the 24th Group Army of the Kuomintang Army surrendered to the enemy. On April 23, 1943, the newly organized Fifth Army of the Kuomintang 24th Group Army, led by commander Sun Dianying, surrendered to the enemy in Linxian County, Henan. On May 10, Pang Bingxun, deputy commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang's Jicha Theater and commander-in-chief of the 24th Group Army, was arrested, and after he was electrified, he also sent electricity to the whole country to join the enemy. On June 22, the Wang puppet government appointed Pang Bingxun as commander-in-chief of the puppet 24th Group Army and Sun Dianying as deputy commander-in-chief. It has jurisdiction over 3 corps of the 427th Army and the newly organized Fifth Army. The headquarters is located in Tangyin, and all parts of it are stationed in Linxian County, Qi County, Hua County. The 2nd corps of the XXVITH and 40th Army had only the number. The Wang puppet government retained its designation. Organize soldiers into 1 separate division. In July 78, the Eighth Route Army launched the Battle of Weinan, annihilating most of the 46th Division of the 27th Army, and then annihilated the former enemy headquarters of the unit in the Battle of Linnan. On December 23 of that year, the Wang puppet government reorganized the army group into the 24th Group Army and the Yubei "Suppression of the Communist Army". The 24th Group Army, under the jurisdiction of the provisional 23rd Division, division commander Lu Chaoyuan; Provisional 46th Division. division commander Feng Shutang, and the 14th Independent Brigade;

　　In January 1944, because the provisional 46th Division and the division under the Third Front had the same number, it was renamed the provisional 51st Division. On October 7, the two divisions under it were renamed "provisional formation" and changed to regular divisions, and on October 10, the army group was renamed the Fifth Front, still with Pang Bingxun as the commander-in-chief and Wang Hengqing as the chief of staff, stationed in the Jixian area of Qi County, Xinxiang, Henan.

　　After the surrender of Japan in 1945. The Kuomintang Military Commission reorganized the department into the "Advance Army" First Route Army. After Pang Bingxun became commander-in-chief, he was incorporated into the 54th Army of the 11th Theater of Operations.

6. Pseudo-Sixth Front (Sun Dian Yingbu)

Commander-in-Chief Sun Dianying, Deputy Commander-in-Chief Kang Xiang, and Chief of Staff Wang Weicheng

　　　Provisional 11th Army Commander Sun Dianying (concurrent)

　　　　7th Division Commander Kang Xiang (concurrent)

　　　　8th Division Division Commander Wang Tingying

　　　　9th Division Division Commander Liu Yueting

　　　Independent 16th Brigade Brigade Commander Dumoan

　　On December 23, 1943, the Wang puppet government separated the ministry from the 24th Group Army and organized it into the Yubei "Suppression of the Communist Army." The newly organized Fifth Army was changed to the provisional Eleventh Army, and the provisional 7th Provisional Eighth Division was under its jurisdiction.

　　On March 4, 1944, Wang Weicheng was appointed chief of staff of the ministry. On September 16, Liu Yueting's provisional Seventh Army was reorganized into the provisional Ninth Division, with Liu Yueting as the division commander; The provisional 6th Army of Dumoan was reorganized into the provisional independent 16th Brigade, with Du still as the brigade commander. On October 7, after the inspection of the Wang Puppet Military Commission, the word "tentative" was cancelled under the ministry. On October 10, the number of "suppressing the communist army" in northern Yubei was abolished and it was reorganized into the Sixth Front, still with Sun Dianying as the commander-in-chief.

　　After the surrender of the Japanese army in 1945. The Kuomintang Military Commission reorganized the department into the "advance army" Second Route Army. Sun Dianying served as commander-in-chief. Later, it was reorganized into the provisional third column by the Zhengzhou Pacification Office, with Sun Dianying as the commander.

7. Hao Pengju Department of the pseudo-Xuzhou Appeasement Office

Pseudo-1st 2nd Fifth Army. By 1945, the Xuzhou Pacification Office had the 28th, 33rd, and 35th Divisions and the Independent 71st, 73rd, and 18th Brigades. The above parts originated from the pseudo-First and Second Armies stationed in northern Jiangsu, respectively.

(1) Li Changjiang Department of the pseudo-First Army

Commander-in-Chief Li Changjiang Deputy Commander-in-Chief Yan Xiuwu (appointed July 21, 1941) Chief of Staff Hao Pengju (appointed August 1, 1941)/Zhu Hao (succeeded February 13, 1942)

　　　Provisional 24th Division Division Commander Yan Xiuwu (concurrent)

　　　Provisional 25th Division Commander Qin Qinglin

　　　Chen Caifu, commander of the provisional 26th Division

　　　He Linchun, commander of the provisional 27th Division

　　　Provisional 37th Division Division Commander Ding Jutang (the division is an expansion of the provisional 10th Brigade)

　　　Provisional 11th Brigade Commander Sun Ruiwu

On February 13, 1942, Hao Pengju was removed from his post as chief of staff and replaced by Zhu Peng. On April 15, the 10th Independent Brigade was expanded into the provisional 37th Division, with Ding Jutang as the division commander. On 24 December 1943 the Army Group was abolished and incorporated into the Fifth Army.

(2) Yang Zhonghua's department of the pseudo-Second Army

Commander-in-Chief Yang Zhonghua Deputy Commander-in-Chief and Chief of Staff are unknown

　　　Provisional 32nd Division Commander Xu Shaonan

　　　Provisional 33rd Division Commander Sun Jianyan

　　　Provisional 34th Division Commander Chen Tong

　　　Independent Brigade Commander Tian Tetsuo (later expanded to the provisional 35th Division)

On 22 December 1943, the former First and Second Armies were reorganized into the Fifth Army

Xiang Zhizhuang is the commander-in-chief

The Ninth Army, commander Yan Xiuwu, Qin Qinglin was deputy commander

The provisional 24th Division was organized and the division commander Qin Qinglin concurrently

Provisional 26th Division, Division Commander Chen Caifu

The 12th Army, commander Xiang Zhizhuang Jian

Provisional 35th Division, Division Commander Tian Tetsuo

Provisional 36th Division, Division Commander Chen Tong

Provisional 37th Division, division commander Ding Jutang

In September 1943, Hao Pengju was transferred to Huaihai Province as governor of Huaihai Province and director of the Xuzhou Pacification Office, and transferred the 28th, 33rd, and 35th divisions and three independent brigades originally belonging to the Northern Jiangsu Battalion to the pseudo-Huaihai Province under his control.

After the victory of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Kuomintang appointed Hao as the commander-in-chief of the army's newly organized Sixth Route Army, still stationed in the Xuzhou area. In January 1946, under the strong military pressure of the Eighth Route Army, Hao led his troops to revolt and was reorganized into the China Democratic United Army, with Hao as the commander-in-chief. However, soon under the lure of Chiang Kai-shek, Hao led his troops to rebel in January 1947, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Hao as the commander of the 42nd Group Army, and on February 6, the East China troops of the Chinese People's Liberation Army launched a battle against Hao in the East China Sea, which was annihilated and Hao was captured alive.

8. Pseudo-Wuhan Pacification Office

It was established on 22 March 1940, with Ye Peng as director and Xiao Qichang as chief of staff, to control all units of the puppet army in southern Henan, Hubei Province.

The provisional 11th Division, which was formed from a part of the defeated troops left by the Kuomintang Gui army when it was defeated, was called the "Imperial Allied Army" before the establishment of the Wang puppet government, and changed to the provisional 11th Division after the establishment of the Wang puppet government, with Li Baolian as the division commander and stationed in Suizhou

The 12th Provisional Division was formed by local armed forces and defeated troops in southern Henan, and the department was once organized as the Yu-Hubei appeasement force, with Zhang Qihuang as the commander. The Wang puppet government organized the department into the provisional 12th Division, with Zhang Qihuang as the division commander, stationed in the Xinyang area.

The provisional 29th Division was reorganized from the "Yellow Guard Army", and after Xiong Jiandong, a special agent of the Kuomintang Army, was deployed in 1939, he went to the area of Puyang, Hubei Province in April 1941 to collect Kuomintang stragglers and bandits to form the "Yellow Guard Army", and Xiong served himself as its commander. The event is in the area of Jianli, Hubei. On November 11, 1941, the division was reorganized into the provisional 29th Division, and the division commander was concurrently served by Ye Peng.

After the surrender of the Japanese army, Guo Chu reorganized the ministry into the Seventh Route Army of the advance army, with Ye Peng as the commander-in-chief. Later, the main force of the division was integrated into the 6th theater of operations.

9. Pseudo-Kaifeng Appeasement Office

It was established on March 22, 1940, with Liu Yufen as director and Sun Xiwen as chief of staff

Tentatively organized into the 23rd Division, division commander Lu Chaoyuan, this unit was reorganized after the Second General Corps of the Jicha Theater surrendered to the enemy.

The provisional 21st Division was formed by Liu Changyi and Sun Chu's 3rd Brigade Tan Song.

The 31st Division was tentatively organized, and the division commander Wen Dake, which was reorganized after the 69th Army taught instructors to join the enemy.

On April 23, 1943, the provisional 21st Division was reorganized into the 21st Provisional Division and the 31st Division were transformed into security forces. The original number was withdrawn.

10. Pseudo-Hangzhou Appeasement Office

It was established on September 14, 1944, with Xiang Zhizhuang as the director

XII Army

Military commander Xiang Zhizhuang concurrently served as the commander

It has jurisdiction over the 34th, 36th and 37th Divisions

There were also units such as the Independent 10th Division and the Independent 46th Brigade

On May 25, 1940, the Wang puppet government organized the puppet army composed of Kuomintang skirmishers and local teams into the "Peace Security Army" and the Jiangsu and Zhejiang Water Security Corps. The commander-in-chief of the "Peace Security Army" was first Chen Liang, then absorbed by the Wang puppet government and changed to the pseudo "Peace Alliance Army", with Hu Changying as the commander-in-chief, and the department had jurisdiction over four corps.

The First Army, commander Huang Xingzhong, was stationed along the Jianghuai coast

The Second Army, commander Hu Hanquan, was stationed in eastern Zhejiang

The Third Army, commander Xu Biao, was stationed in the Zhejiang-Fujian border region

In the Fourth Army, Miao Wen was the commander and Wu Xiaoyun was the deputy commander

The Jiangsu and Zhejiang Water Security Corps, the commander-in-chief is concurrently served by Hu Changying, and the department has a total of 7 columns.

Mo Linzhang, commander of the first column, stationed in Jiangbei District; Commander of the second column, Hu Qianlong. garrison in Shanghai; Jiang Jianguang, commander of the third column, stationed in Jiangnan District; Mei Yinyue, commander of the fourth column, stationed in the Zhehai region; Hu Weiping, commander of the fifth column, and defended the western Zhejiang region; Lu Gongming, commander of the sixth column, stationed in the Taihu Lake area; Mao Zhiqian, commander of the Seventh Column, was stationed in the Ouhai District, and the puppet army was later annexed or dispersed by other puppet armies.

After the surrender of the Japanese army, the department was appointed by the Kuomintang Military Commission as the military commissioner of the Zhejiang region, and the 12th Army and other units under it were reorganized from the third theater into 2 columns.

11. Puppet Guangzhou Pacification Office

Chen Yaozu was the director, Li Zhenyi was the deputy director, and Zheng Huoxun was the chief of staff, which was organized into five divisions.

20th Division, Division Commander Fang Yi

The 30th Division, the commander of the division is Xu Tingjie

The 43rd Division, the commander of which is Peng Jihua

The 44th Division, the commander of the division was Gao Hanzong

The 45th Division was commanded by Zhu Quanye

After the surrender of the Japanese army, the Kuomintang Second Front reorganized the divisions of the Guangdong puppet army into provisional detachments of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th detachments

12. Pseudo-Suzhou Pacification Office

The department was under the jurisdiction of Xie Wenda, which was originally a part of the "Zhongyi National Salvation Army" under the Kuomintang military command, and was reorganized into the provisional 10th Division after being absorbed by Li Shiqun's pseudo-secret service department, with Xie Wenda as the division commander. Ding Xishan Department, originally the eighth detachment of the "Zhongyi National Salvation Army", fell in the autumn of 1939. In 1940, the Wang puppet government reorganized the department into the provisional 13th Division, with Ding Xishan as the division commander. On May 26, 1941, the above two divisions were organized into the provisional Second Army, with Liu Peixu as its commander, and the army had three independent regiments in addition to the two divisions. On January 28, 1942, Xie Wendabu, the provisional division of the 10th Division, was cancelled due to disobedience to the transfer, and in January 1943, the Ding Xishan Department of the 13th Division was integrated into the Zhejiang Security Corps. The other regiments under their jurisdiction were respectively incorporated into the security corps of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and the military headquarters of the army was abolished at the end of February that year.

13. Puppet Capital Garrison Command (Puppet Central Guard)

Li Zhenyi is the commander. Su Chengde, Shen Zhengang, Deng Zuyu were appointed deputy commanders, and Zhu Qingchuan was appointed chief of staff

The first guard division, division commander Qin Hanqing

Second Guard Division, Division Commander Liu Qixiong

Guard the Third Division, Division Commander Zhong Jiansoul

Provisional independent 7th Brigade, Zhang Ruijing

On August 13, 1945, the 3rd Guard Division, led by division commander Zhong Jianhun, entered the Luo Binghui Defense Area of the New Fourth Army in Liuhe and Jurong; The 1st Guard Division and the Independent Brigade were incorporated into the 51st Division of the Kuomintang, and the 2nd Guard Division was incorporated into the 57th Division of the Kuomintang.

(2) The more famous of the generals of the Nationalist Army who surrendered to Japan

The following only counts those who lead troops, and those who do not lead troops to the enemy are not counted for the time being.

1. Liu Yi, director of the Military Training Division of the Party Affairs Training Corps of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang

Liu Yi is a second-phase student of Whampoa and a nephew of Liu Zhi. After being captured and surrendered to the enemy in 1938, he served as the head of the Wang Puppet Officer Training Corps and a senator of the Military Senate. In 1942, after the establishment of the Wang Puppet Central Garrison Army, Liu Yi was appointed as the commander of the Independent Garrison Brigade. The department was responsible for the Nanjing garrison mission, and the equipment was the most Wang pseudo-military. In October 1945, the brigade was incorporated into the 74th Army by the Nationalist Government. Liu Yi was arrested by the Nationalist government, released after Liu Zhi's intercession, moved to Hong Kong, and then returned to Jiangxi to settle.

2. Ding Xishan, commander of the 8th Detachment of the Military Commander Zhongyi National Salvation Army

In the autumn of 1939, Ding Xishan led his troops to surrender to the enemy in the Songhu area, and in 1940, his troops were reorganized by the Wang puppet Nationalist government into the provisional 13th Division, and the division commander Ding Xishan. On May 26, 1941, the division was incorporated into the provisional 2nd Army. In January 1943, the division was reorganized into the Zhejiang Security Corps. In May anyway, continue to resist Japan. Ding Xishan later joined the Communist Party, organized an underground army in Jiangnan, and was arrested and killed by the Kuomintang in 1949.

3. Liu Changyi, commander-in-chief of the Yubei guerrilla group in the 1st Theater

Liu Changyi was born in the Northwest Army, served as the commander of the 3rd Division of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Alliance, and then went to Henan to organize guerrilla anti-Japanese forces, and led his troops to join the enemy in early 1940. In May 1941, Tan Songjian, commander of the Independent 3rd Brigade of the 6th Army, led his troops to surrender to the enemy. On June 3, 1941, the above two departments were reorganized by the Japanese puppet as the Yubei Appeasement Command, with commander Liu Changyi. It was under the command of the provisional 21st Division, and its commander Liu Changyi (concurrently). In September, Liu Changyi anyway, anyway, the unit was expanded by the Nationalist government into the provisional 15th Army, and its commander Liu Changyi. The remaining troops retained their designations and were represented by Chen Yuxuan, chief of staff of the division. On May 11, 1942, he became the commander of the division. On April 23, 1943, the division was reorganized into a local security force. In November 1945, the Ministry was incorporated by the Xuzhou Pacification Office of the National Government. Liu Changyi later served as deputy commander-in-chief of the Nationalist Government Group Army, commander of the appeasement district, and deputy commander of the Songhu garrison. In 1949, he led the remnants of the 51st Army in an uprising. In 1981 he was awarded the Certificate of Insurrection.

4. Li Changjiang, deputy commander-in-chief of the guerrilla column in the Rusu-Anhui Border Area and commander-in-chief of the 1st Route Guerrilla

On February 13, 1941, Li Changjiang, deputy commander-in-chief of the guerrilla column and commander-in-chief of the 1st Route Guerrilla in the Lusu-Anhui Border Area, led eight detachments of his headquarters to surrender to the enemy in northern Jiangsu. Originally a local armed force, the unit was reorganized into a guerrilla column after the outbreak of the War of Resistance. The headquarters was reorganized by the Wang puppet Nationalist government into the 1st Army, with Li Changjiang, commander-in-chief. The Ministry has four divisions, two brigades and one separate regiment. It is stationed in Taizhou, Jiangdu and Jingjiang areas of Jiangsu. The strength of the army is about 12,000 people.

　　On April 15, 1942, the department was reorganized into five divisions and one brigade. On December 24, 1943, it was abolished and incorporated into the 5th Army. Three divisions, the 24th, 25th, and 26th Divisions, were transferred to the 2nd Front in November 1944. Li Changjiang was transferred to the Wang Puppet Military Commission and lived in Shanghai after the victory of the War of Resistance. He died on December 30, 1956.

5. Cai Xinyuan, loyal to the National Salvation Army of the Military Commandery

In the spring of 1941, the first part of the loyal and righteous National Salvation Army led by Cai Xinyuan joined the enemy in Taixing, Jiangsu. The headquarters was reorganized by the Wang puppet National Government into the 7th Road of the Peaceful National Army, and the commander was Cai Xinyuan. In November, the department was renamed the provisional 19th Division, with division commander Cai Xinyuan. On January 26, 1944, the department was reorganized into the Northern Jiangsu Reclamation Garrison.

6. Pan Gancheng, deputy commander and regiment commander of the 33rd Division, and Liu Xiangtu, commander of the independent regiment of the Lusu Theater

In April 1941, Pan Gancheng, deputy commander and regiment commander of the 33rd Division, and Liu Xiangtu, commander of the Independent Regiment of the Lusu Theater, led their troops to join the enemy in northern Jiangsu. The divisions were reorganized by the Wang puppet Nationalist Government into the provisional 28th Division and the provisional 22nd Division, and the division commanders were divided between Pan Gancheng and Liu Xiangtu. These two divisions were stationed in Gaoyou, Baoying, and Xinghua areas of Jiangsu and were directly under the Northern Jiangsu Battalion. Among them, the provisional 28th Division was transferred to the pseudo-Huaihai Province in September 1943. The whereabouts of the latter department are unknown.

7. Yang Zhonghua, commander of the 8th Security Brigade of Jiangsu Province

On June 21, 1941, Yang Zhonghua, commander of the 8th Security Brigade of Jiangsu Province, led his troops to join the enemy in northern Jiangsu. Originally a local armed force, the ministry was reorganized into a security brigade after the outbreak of the War of Resistance. The department was reorganized by the Wang puppet National Government into the Suwan Appeasement General Headquarters, and the commander-in-chief Yang Zhonghua. The ministry has three divisions and one separate brigade. On February 18, 1942, it was reorganized as the 2nd Army, with Yang Zhonghua, the commander-in-chief, and the establishment remained unchanged. The department is stationed in Dongtai, Yancheng, Rugao and Nantong areas of Jiangsu. The strength of the army is about 10,000 people. On October 14, 1942, because the Japanese suspected that Yang Zhonghua was secretly communicating with the "enemy" (Chongqing Nationalist Government), the group army was abolished from the subordinate divisions directly under the Northern Soviet Battalion, and on December 22, 1943, it was reorganized into the 5th Army.

8. Liu Ziqing, commander of the 173rd Regiment of the 518th Division

In August 1941, Liu Ziqing, commander of the 518th Regiment of the 173rd Division, led his troops to surrender to the enemy in northern Anhui. The department was reorganized as an independent division to protect the country and save the people, and the division commander Liu Ziqing. Wuwei in Anhui. The strength of the army is about 2,000 people. The rest is unknown.

9. Bi Zeyu, commander of the 69th Army

Bi Zeyu was originally a councilor of the 69th Army, Shi Yousan's old subordinate, and later Yu Gao Shuxun jointly buried Shi Yousan, the commander who was preparing to surrender to Japan, alive, and was promoted to commander. In November 1941, Bi Zeyu led his tutor to join the enemy in Hancheng, Shandong. The department was reorganized by the Japanese into the provisional 31st Division, and the division commander Wen Dake. On April 23, 1943, the division was reorganized into the Shandong Security Corps. In November 1945, it was incorporated into the Xuzhou Appeasement Office of the National Government. After Bi Zeyu defected to the enemy, he was transferred to the Wang Puppet Military Commission as a councilor. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the mayor of Harbin. He fled Taiwan in 1949. He died on January 8, 1968.

10. Sun Liangcheng, deputy commander-in-chief and guerrilla commander-in-chief of the Jicha Theater and deputy commander-in-chief of the 39th Group Army

On April 22, 1942, Sun Liangcheng, deputy commander-in-chief and guerrilla commander-in-chief of the Jicha Theater and deputy commander-in-chief of the 39th Group Army, temporarily organized the 28th Division of Chen Guangran in Dingtao, Shandong, and the 30th Division of Zhao Yunxiang, the 4th Independent Brigade of Wang Qinghan, the 13th Brigade of Huang Zhentai's new organization, the Guo Junfeng Special Service Brigade, and the 4th Guerrilla Column of Yu Fei surrendered to the enemy (of which the independent 4th Brigade Duan Haizhou and Sun Xingzhai two regiments, and Yu Fei's 4th guerrilla column continued to resist the Japanese under the leadership of Fu Eryu, deputy chief of staff of the Jicha Theater). The number of troops surrendered to the enemy was about 30,000. Among them, the provisional 30th Division, the Independent 4th Brigade, and the newly organized 13th Brigade were expanded into two regiments of the 69th Army, the 4th Guerrilla Column was formed by local armed forces, and the provisional 28th Division was expanded into one part of the 181st Division.

　　The headquarters was given the name of the 2nd Front by the Wang puppet Nationalist Government, Zhao Yunxiang's provisional 30th Division was expanded to the 4th Army of the 2nd Front, and Wang Qinghan's independent 4th Brigade was expanded to the 5th Army of the 2nd Front. The department is stationed in Dongming and Kaocheng, Henan. In November 1944, the ministry was transferred to Yangzhou and Taizhou, Jiangsu. In October 1945, the department was incorporated into the newly organized 2nd Route Army by the Nationalist government, with Sun Liangcheng, the commander-in-chief, and the 2nd Column (under the jurisdiction of Zhao Yunxiang's 4th Corps and Wang Qinghan's 5th Corps). In November, the 4th Corps of the division was led by Zhao Yunxiang to join the New 4th Army, and the rest suffered heavy losses and was reduced to the 5th Column. At the beginning of 1948, Tang Enbo was downsized to the provisional 25th Division (division commander Sun Yutian, deputy division commander Wang Qinghan), and the 12th and 13th brigades under its command were concurrently served by the chief and deputy division commanders. In the autumn of that year, the division was expanded into the 107th Army, with Wang Qinghan's 260th Division and Sun Yutian's 261st Division under its command. The army eventually surrendered to the PLA at the Huaihai Battlefield ( of which the 260th Division was an insurgent force ) . Sun Liangcheng was arrested in Shanghai in 1950 and died in Suzhou prison in 1951.

11. Liu Yueting, deputy commander of the newly organized 5th Army

In June 1942, Liu Yueting, deputy commander of the newly organized 5th Army, was captured in Linxian County, Henan Province, and fled to Japan. The Japanese side combined the prisoners of the newly organized 5th Army and local skirmishers into the provisional 7th Army and appointed Liu Yueting as its commander. On September 16, 1944, it was downsized to the 9th Division and incorporated into the provisional 11th Army. Liu Yueting's whereabouts are unknown.

12. Xu Jitai, commander of the 5th Jiangsu Security Brigade

In the summer of 1942, Xu Jitai, commander of the 5th Jiangsu Security Brigade, led his troops to join the enemy. The headquarters was reorganized as the 3rd Army for the Peaceful Anti-Communist Establishment of the People's Republic of China, and its commander Xu Jitai. The ministry is stationed in Guanyun, Jiangsu. The strength of the army is about 3,800 people. The rest is unknown.

13. Wu Huawen, commander of the newly organized 4th Division, Yu Huai'an, commander of the newly organized 1st Division, and Ning Chunlin, commander of Luxi Security

On January 18, 1943, Wu Huawen, commander of the newly organized 4th Division, Yu Huai'an, commander of the newly organized 1st Division, and Ning Chunlin, commander of Luxi Security, led their troops to surrender to the enemy in Linyi and Laiwu, Shandong. The number of troops surrendered to the enemy was 12,000 (in 1945, the strength was about 9,000). Among them, the newly organized 4th Division was expanded into the pistol brigade of the former 3rd Army, the predecessor of the newly organized 1st Division is unknown, and the Rusi Security Command was formed for local armed forces. The department was awarded the Shandong Front by the Wang puppet Nationalist Government. The newly organized 4th Division, the newly organized 1st Division, and the Luxi Security Force were reorganized into the 1st Army of the Shandong Front. In July, it was expanded into two armies, the 6th and 7th Armies, and the Shandong Front was renamed the 3rd Front. The department is stationed in Lucun, Nanma and Yuezhuang areas of Shandong.

　　In September 1945, the ministry was incorporated into the newly organized 5th Route Army by the Nationalist Government, with Wu Huawen as commander-in-chief. It is under the 6th echelon of Huai'an and the 7th echelon of Yang Youbai. In November of the same year, the two divisions of the division were annihilated by the 8th Route Army, Yu Huai'an, the commander of the 6th echelon, was captured, and the commander of the 46th Division, Xu Shusheng, was killed. In February 1946, the department was reorganized into the provisional 7th Column, which was renamed the 2nd Shandong Security Column, with Commander Wu Huawen. In May 1947, the department was reorganized into the 84th Reorganized Division, with Wu Huawen as the division commander. It has the 155th Reorganized Brigade of Yang Youbai and the 161st Reorganized Brigade of Xu Yuzheng. In July 1948, the 161st Brigade of the Ministry was annihilated, and the brigade commander Xu Yuzheng was captured. Supplemented by the 2nd Shandong Security Brigade, Brigade Commander He Zhibin. On September 19, the ministry revolted and was reorganized by the People's Liberation Army into the 35th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, with Wu Huawen as its commander. It commanded Yang Youbai's 103rd Division, Zhao Guangxing's 104th Division, and He Zhibin's 105th Division. The 315th Regiment of the 104th Division of the army was the first to capture the Nanjing Presidential Palace and raise the red flag on the gate tower. Wu Huawen served as vice chairman of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and died in April 1962.

14. Wang Jinya, commander of the 128th Division, Li Dexing, deputy division commander, and Jin Yiwu, commander of the 6th Theater Advance Army

On February 25, 1943, Wang Jinya, commander of the 128th Division, Li Dexing, deputy commander of the division, and Jin Yiwu, commander of the advancing army of the 6th Theater, were captured and surrendered to the enemy in Xianning, Hubei Province, and Zhao Tianshi, Ren Lanpu, Xue Haoping, commanders of the 381st, 382nd, and 383rd Brigades of the 128th Division, and Pan Shengfu, Su Jinghua, Zhang Haiping, and Su Zhendong, commanders of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th Independent Brigades of the 5th Theater, also joined the enemy. The department was reorganized into the provisional 6th and 43rd divisions for the Wang puppet nationalist government, and the division commanders were divided between Jin Yiwu and Wang Jinya.

　　The provisional 6th Division was checked by the Wang Puppet Military Commission in 1944 and the word "provisional" was abolished. In September 1945, it was incorporated by the National Government. Soon after the provisional establishment of the 43rd Division, division commander Wang Jinya led the commander Wang Jinya, and launched guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines, holding out until the victory of the War of Resistance. During the civil war, Jin Yiwu served as a senior staff officer of the 15th Pacification District and a staff officer of the 14th Corps. In October 1949, he surrendered to the People's Liberation Army. He died on January 13, 1951. Wang Jinya served as a member of the Shanxi Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference after the founding of the People's Republic of China.

14. Sun Dianying, commander of the newly organized 5th Army, Yang Ruxian, deputy commander of the 5th Army, Yang Keyou, commander of the provisional 3rd Division, Wang Ruiqing, deputy commander of the 3rd Division, Wang Tingying, commander of the provisional 4th Division, and Wang Ruiting, deputy commander of the division

On April 23, 1943, Sun Dianying, commander of the newly organized 5th Army, Yang Ruxian, deputy commander, Yang Keyou, commander of the provisional 3rd Division, Wang Ruiqing, deputy commander of the 3rd Division, Wang Tingying, commander of the provisional 4th Division, and Wang Ruiting, deputy commander of the newly organized 5th Army, led their troops to join the enemy in Linxian County, Henan. The number of troops surrendered to the enemy was about 10,000. The newly organized 5th Army was an expansion of the former Northern Hebei People's Army. The headquarters was still called the newly organized 5th Army, subordinate to the Wang Puppet 24th Group Army, and Sun Dianying served as the deputy commander-in-chief of the 24th Group Army and commander of the newly organized 5th Army. The army had Sun Dianying's provisional 3rd Division and Wang Tingying's provisional 4th Division.

　　On December 23, 1943, the army broke away from the 24th Army and was given the provisional number of the 11th Army to the Wang puppet Nationalist government, and Sun Dianying newly established the headquarters of the communist army in northern Yubei. The two divisions under its jurisdiction were renumbered as the provisional 7th and 8th Divisions, and the division commanders remained unchanged. On September 16, 1944, the provisional 7th Army was reduced to the provisional 9th Division and the provisional 6th Army was reduced to the provisional independent 16th Brigade, and added to the sequence of the department. On October 7, the unit was inspected by the Wang Puppet Military Commission, and all divisions under its command canceled the word "tentative." On October 10, it was reorganized into the 6th Front, with the commander-in-chief Sun Dianying. The ministry is based in Xinxiang, Hebei.

　　In September 1945, the ministry was incorporated into the newly organized 2nd Route Army by the National Government, with Sun Dianying as the commander-in-chief. In early 1946, the department was reduced to the provisional 3rd Column, with commander Sun Dianying. On May 2, 1947, the ministry was annihilated in Tangyin, Henan, and Sun Dianying died of illness in the winter of 1947 after being captured.

15. Pang Bingxun, deputy commander-in-chief of the Jicha Theater and commander-in-chief of the 24th Army, commander-in-chief of the Taihang Mountain guerrilla, and Li Zhenfen, commander of the 106th Division

On May 10, 1943, Pang Bingxun, deputy commander-in-chief of the Jicha Theater and commander-in-chief of the 24th Group Army and commander-in-chief of the Taihang Mountain guerrilla, and Li Zhenfen, commander of the 106th Division, were captured in Lingchuan, Henan Province, and then sent electricity to the enemy. Among them, the 27th Army was a continuation of the 1st Division of the Hubei Army during the Northern Expedition, and the 40th Army was a continuation of the 14th Division of the former Northwest Army.

　　The headquarters was still called the 24th Army, and the commander-in-chief Pang Bingxun. It has the 27th Army, the 40th Army and the newly organized 5th Army. The 27th Army and the 40th Army actually had only one division, so both armies were initially just empty numbers, but although they successively absorbed the Kuomintang skirmishers and expanded them into the provisional 23rd and 46th Divisions, the provisional Independent 14th Brigade and one brigade of the two divisions, the numbers of the two corps were not used in the end.

　　On December 23, 1943, the newly organized 5th Army of the Ministry was separated from the sequence, and the headquarters of the communist army in northern Yubei was reorganized. In January 1944, the provisional 46th Division under its jurisdiction was renamed the provisional 51st Division. On October 7, after the inspection of the Wang Puppet Military Commission, all divisions and brigades canceled the word "tentative." On October 10, it was reorganized into the 5th Front, with Commander-in-Chief Pang Bingxun. The department was stationed in Xinxiang, Jixian and other places in Henan, and later moved to Kaifeng. The strength of the army is about 20,000 people.

　　In September 1945, the Ministry was incorporated into the newly organized 1st Route Army by the Nationalist Government, and its commander-in-chief Pang Bingxun. In early 1946, the unit was incorporated into the 40th Army of the Kuomintang, and Pang Bingxun left his post and lived in Kaifeng. Pang Bingxun's life in public residence did not last long, and with the defeat of the people, Pang Bingxun fled to Taiwan, where he opened a restaurant with Sun Lianzhong, an old friend of the former Northwest Army, and died on January 12, 1963.

16. Qi Zixiu, commander of the 5th Shandong Security Division, and Qiu Jisheng, commander of the 8th Shandong Security Brigade

In May 1943, Qi Zixiu, commander of the 5th Shandong Security Division, and Qiu Jisheng, commander of the 8th Shandong Security Brigade, were captured and surrendered to the enemy. The headquarters was reorganized into the 8th Division by the Wang puppet nationalist government, and the division commander Qi Zixiu. The rest is unknown.

17. Rong Ziheng, deputy commander of the 112th Division

In June 1943, Rong Ziheng, deputy commander of the 112th Division, led more than 2,000 men to join the enemy in Feixian, Shandong. The 112th Division was originally developed from the 12th Brigade of the Northeast Army. In May 1944, the Ministry was expanded by the Wang puppet National Government and granted the provisional 10th Army number. It was under the jurisdiction of Rong Ziheng (concurrently) 52nd Division and Liu Guozhen's 53rd Division. In February 1945, the army was severely damaged by the 8th Route Army in Shandong, and Rong Ziheng was killed. Led by Liu Guozhen, it was reorganized into an independent regiment for the Nationalist government in September 1945 and covered the Huaihai Battlefield. Liu Guozhen himself was awarded the rank of major general by the Nationalist government on July 31, 1946.

18. Zhang Buyun, commander of the 2nd Security Division of Shandong

In July 1943, Zhang Buyun, commander of the 2nd Shandong Security Division, led his troops to surrender to the enemy. The headquarters was reorganized by the Japanese as the 1st Division of the Imperial Allied Army, and the division commander Zhang Buyun. The rest is unknown.

19. Han Ziqian, commander of the 113th Division, and Wu Shuquan, commander of the 351st Brigade

On October 12, 1943, Han Ziqian, commander of the 113th Division, and Wu Shuquan, commander of the 351st Brigade, were captured in northern Jiangsu and surrendered to the enemy. The reorganization of the ministry is unknown, but it was later absorbed by the National Government. Han Ziqian was awarded the rank of major general by the Nationalist government on December 23, 1946.

20. Fang Xianjue, commander of the 10th Army, Sun Mingyu, chief of staff, Zhou Qingxiang, commander of the 3rd Division, Rong Youliu, commander of the 190th Division, Ge Xiancai, commander of the 10th Reserve Division, and Rao Shaowei, commander of the provisional 54th Division

On August 7, 1944, Fang Xianjue, commander of the 10th Army, Sun Mingyu, chief of staff, Zhou Qingxiang, commander of the 3rd Division, Rong Youliu, commander of the 190th Division, Ge Xiancai, commander of the 10th Reserve Division, and Rao Shaowei, commander of the provisional 54th Division, led the remaining remnants of 13,300 men (the remaining troops after holding Hengyang for 47 days) to join the enemy. The headquarters was reorganized by the Japanese side into the Xianhe Army, with army commander Fang Xianjue, chief of staff Sun Mingyu, and deputy chief of staff Lai Dian. It was under the command of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Divisions, with division commanders Zhou Qingxiang, Ge Xiancai, Rong Youliu, and Rao Shaowei. At the beginning of its establishment, the army was only an empty number, and in October Zhou Qingxiang and Sun Mingyu fled to the Nationalist government. Only in November was the strength of about 350 troops. On November 21, Rao Shaowei fled to the Nationalist government, and then Fang Xianjue, Rong Youluo, and Ge Xiancai fled to the Nationalist government, and the army disappeared invisibly. Fang Xianjue later served as division commander, corps commander, and deputy commander of the Corps of the Youth Army of the National Government, but fled Taiwan in 1949 and died on March 3, 1983.

4. Puppet Manchu Army

In 1931, Japan launched the 918 Incident, at this time, most of the main forces of the Northeast Army were in Shanhaiguan, and most of the troops remaining in the northeast region were also withdrawn to Kannai, and only a small part of the Northeast Army remained to resist the Japanese army together with the anti-Japanese people. With the withdrawal of the main forces of the Northeast Army, the Japanese army controlled the entire northeast in just a few months. At the same time, it began to incorporate part of the defeated Northeast Army and bandit armed forces into a puppet army.

After the 918 Incident, after receiving 3,000 rifles, 200,000 banknotes and the promised so-called Heilongjiang military regime from the Japanese army, he defected to the Japanese army and took the lead in attacking the Mazhan Mountain Department in Jiangqiao. By March 1932, Japan had supported the establishment of the puppet Manchukuo in the northeast, and since then, the integrated troops have gradually been unified into the so-called puppet Manchukuo Army. At that time, the distribution of the puppet Manchu army was: about 60,000 people in Liaoning Province, about 50,000 in Jilin Province, and about 30,000 in Heilongjiang Province, most of the soldiers came from the former Northeast Army and bandit forces.

The Japanese army then set up 11 so-called military districts in the northeast, each with a different number of puppet Manchu troops, in addition to symbolically forming the navy and air force. The core of the puppet Manchu army is the army, its establishment is mainly brigades, and the composition of divisions is only two, of which the 1st division (2 infantry regiments and 1 cavalry artillery regiment) is the former puppet Jing'an Army, and the 2nd division is the former Xing'an Cavalry Division (2 cavalry regiments and 1 infantry artillery regiment).

The brigade of the puppet army was born out of the former mixed brigade of the Northeast Army, but its strength was greatly reduced for the purpose of limiting the puppet army. For example, the No. 1 Mixed Brigade has 1 infantry regiment of type A, 1 cavalry regiment of type B, and 1 mountain artillery company, with a total strength of only more than 1,700 people; The No. 2 Mixed Brigade has 1 infantry regiment of B type and 1 cavalry mountain artillery company, with a total strength of only more than 1,500 people; The infantry brigade has two B infantry regiments with a total strength of more than 2,300 men. The cavalry brigade is also divided into two types, with a strength of nearly 1,700 and more than 1,100 people, respectively.

In terms of weapons and equipment, take the well-equipped armored infantry regiment as an example (2 infantry battalions and 1 mortar company, 3 infantry companies and 1 machine gun company in each battalion), mortar companies are equipped with 4 guns; The battalion machine gun company was equipped with 6 heavy machine guns; The infantry company was equipped with 6 light machine guns, 3 grenade canisters, and rifles. In principle, the Japanese army did not equip the puppet Manchu army with heavy weapons, and its army large-caliber artillery had only 88 mountain guns and 70 field guns.

During the Great Wall War in 1933, about 45,000 puppet Manchu troops fought with the Japanese army, but their combat strength was low, and there were many attacks by the puppet Manchu army, which caused dissatisfaction among the Japanese army. After the war, the Japanese army reorganized the puppet Manchu army, and in principle wanted to control it within 60,000 people. In the reorganization of the puppet Manchu army, about 1,400 officers were purged and a large number of former Northeast Army and bandit soldiers were eliminated. The new recruits were mainly re-recruited, with officers being filled by the Japanese army on the one hand, and retraining on the other, including 1,800 Japanese officers in the puppet Manchu army in 1935 and 8,000 in 1941.

In terms of weapons, the puppet Manchu army eliminated the original miscellaneous weapons and replaced them with Japanese-style weapons, but there were still fewer heavy weapons and fewer bullets in battle. Because the puppet Manchu army frequently participated in combat operations against the anti-Japanese coalition forces, its actual number never reached the expected 60,000 people, and about 80,000 in 1935 was basically its lowest value.

By the outbreak of the All-Out War of Resistance in 1937, the first part of the puppet Manchu army had participated in the Kannai Battle with the Japanese army. However, the puppet Manchu army did not appear many times on the frontal battlefield, except for fighting with the Japanese army and the anti-Japanese forces in the northeast, its main combat opponent in Shanhaiguan was the Eighth Route Army in eastern Hebei.

To this end, the Japanese army also drew elites from the puppet Manchu army to form the so-called iron and stone troops. The total strength of the department is more than 10,000 people, and the subordinate combat vehicle/automobile team is called the Iron Tiger Unit, the Heavy Troop is called the Iron Wheel Unit, the Communications Team is called the Iron Wave Force, and the special team is called the Iron Man Force.

The core infantry combat unit is called the Iron Core Unit, which has 1 cavalry detachment and 26 infantry regiments and 37 infantry regiments. Each regiment has 3 infantry battalions and 1 combat defense artillery and 1 mortar company, equipped with 8 anti-aircraft guns and 8 mortars; The infantry battalion has three infantry companies and one heavy machine gun company, 8 heavy machine guns per company, 12 light machine guns and 12 grenade canisters per company of infantry companies.

The core cavalry combat unit is called the iron-blooded force, with 1 infantry detachment, 47th Cavalry Regiment and 49th Cavalry Regiment. Each regiment has 4 cavalry companies, 1 cavalry artillery company, 1 heavy machine gun company, equipped with 4 cavalry guns and 6 heavy machine guns, and the cavalry company is equipped with 12 light machine guns and 12 grenade canisters.

Such a weapon configuration surpassed the average Japanese army in Kannai, so that some Japanese troops envied the weapons and equipment of this puppet Manchu army. During the War of Resistance, the Iron and Stone troops fought dozens of times with the Eighth Route Army in eastern Hebei; Of course, it was not only this puppet Manchu army that fought with the Eighth Route Army in eastern Hebei, but also the so-called pseudo-Rehe detachment, Shilan troops, and other units.

With the change of the war situation, the puppet Manchu army was also expanding, reaching a size of about 150,000 before the surrender of Japan, and most of the puppet Manchu army was absorbed by the Nationalist army after the war. The above only counts the puppet Manchu regular army, in addition to a large number of puppet Manchu local troops and pseudo-police/security forces included in the so-called Ministry of Military Affairs.

When Chen Cheng presided over the northeast, he reorganized the local security forces in the northeast, composed of a large number of puppet Manchu officers and soldiers, into a regular army:

Among them, the verifiable ones are

Liu Bozhong, Provisional 52nd Division: The original pseudo-Manchu "iron and stone unit" was transferred from along the Great Wall and reinforced by the 58th Division to open up the southern section of the Zhongchang Railway. In the summer of 1947, it was annihilated as soon as it entered the Great Stone Bridge.

Wang Tianren of the 55th Provisional Division: The Northeast Provisional Security Corps No. 1 and the No. 3 Security Division. Northeast Security District 7. In May 1947, it was transferred from Rehe to southern Liaoning, and on May 30, it was completely annihilated at Dashiqiao. In October 1948, he surrendered in Jinxi.

Liu Depu of the 56th Provisional Division: 2nd Northeast Security Corps, 11th Northeast Security District. In October 1948, he surrendered in Changchun.

Provisional 57th Division Chen Tianxi: Formerly known as the 9th Division of the newly organized 27th Army (Commander Jiang Pengfei) of the North China Advance Army of the National Revolutionary Army after the Anti-Japanese War, the 3rd Northeast Security Corps, the 6th Provisional Division, and the 12th Northeast Security District. The 169th Regiment was annihilated at Changwu; The other two regiments were annihilated by the 7th Column of the East Field at Xinlitun.

Wang Jiashan, provisional 58th Division: In early 1946, he was recruited from the dispersed officers and soldiers of the Manchukuo Army and the landlord armed forces, and formed the Northeast Security Corps in Changchun City, and on February 25, 1948, he rebelled in Yingkou, Liaoning.