Original title: The world's first tea-themed world cultural heritage Jingmai Mountain Ancient Tea Forest: inheriting tea culture and spreading tea civilization
Jingmai Mountain Cloud Sea
Autumn tea
Picking
Tea making
Sell tea
Jingmai Mountain Wengji Ancient Village The pictures in this edition were taken by Chen Fei, a reporter from Yunnan Daily
Continue traditional culture and stimulate the vitality of the times
"Jingmai" is a transliteration of Dai, "Jing" is a place where people gather, "Mai" is new, and "Jingmai" means a new village.
The villages on Jingmai Mountain are deeply embedded in the ancient tea forest, forming an ecological living structure of the village surrounded by the tea forest and the tea forest. In the villages, dry-column buildings, Buddhist temples, zhai hearts, zhai gates... These elements are not absent, and depict a unique national cultural structure. Among them, the Wengji Ancient Village retains all this completely and vividly, and the daily living of the villagers continues the simple survival philosophy of the Brown people.
The ancient village of Onji lives with its backs to the mountains, high in the north and low in the south. The area is surrounded by paddy fields, tea forests and woods. Dry-fence building houses, the roof slope is steep, the roof with hanging tiles can adapt to the rainy climate, after many years of wind and rain erosion, the thousand-year-old village buildings are mottled and quaint, lying quietly under the white clouds and green mountains. Inside the old wooden house, the roof is thick, the eaves are deep, the light is dim, only there is a halo by the fire, and the old man of the Brown tribe smokes a cigarette bag, slowly talking about the past... Such a sight gives the illusion that time is frozen.
There is more to the traditional side of Wongji Village, and when you walk into the village, you will immediately find that the life of the locals is constantly moving forward. In the ancient village, we saw a special café called "Rainforest Charm". The various drinks in the store are named after the rainforest layer. The way to order is also very special, according to the four layers of the rainforest corresponding to the growing plants, the ground layer corresponds to the turmeric flower, the canopy layer corresponds to the large-leaf bamboo fruit... He Ruijie, a young barista who brews special drinks in the shop, is from Lancang Lahu Autonomous County. "We offer a personalized experience where guests choose their own ingredients based on the four levels of the rainforest – forest floor, shrub layer, canopy and elevated layer. Once guests have chosen the rainforest tier, they can decide which drink to include it, whether it is coffee, milk tea, sparkling drinks or craft cocktails, we will create a unique and delicious drink for guests that will remind people of the taste of Jingmai Mountain. ”
The creative concept of the "Rainforest Charm" café comes from the biodiversity of Jingmai Mountain. There are a total of 943 species of plants in 125 families, 489 genera, and together with tea plants, they form a closely related and interlocking ancient tea forest ecosystem. For thousands of years, the ancestors of Jingmai Mountain have made full use of the rich natural forest resources in the local area, selectively cut down some trees and shrubs that are unfavorable to the growth of tea trees in the forest and retained certain shade trees and aromatic plants, and then planted tea trees by sowing tea seeds and sexual reproduction, preserving tea forests, forming a three-dimensional structure of dense and orderly arbor-tea plant-herbaceous plant community. The upper layer mainly grows tall trees such as dogwood, wood lotus, multicoat, and red tree; The middle layer is a dominant community of local tea plants, and plants such as Lauraceae and Rhododendron are distributed at the same time; The lower layer is grasses and ferns, medicinal herbs, wild vegetables and other herbs. The ecological system formed in this way can not only skillfully improve the absorption efficiency of light energy and nutrients in plant communities at all levels, but also make the fragrance of natural plants into tea leaves and optimize tea quality. More importantly, since the formation of ancient tea forest, no chemical fertilizers and pesticides have been applied, and the self-maintenance of soil fertility and self-control of diseases and pests can be achieved by making full use of the characteristics of forest biodiversity, so as to effectively maintain the integrity and stability of the ecological functions of ancient tea forest.
The protection and utilization of the ecological environment by Jingmai Mountain people is still advancing with the times, and the old houses of ancient trees and villages go hand in hand with the new life of the times, showing more and more vigorous vitality.
"There are not only ancient tea trees in Jingmai Mountain, but also many unique plants that can be used as ingredients, such as bamboo fruits commonly used by the Brown people, peppercorns of the Dai people, wild ginger plants, etc." He Ruijie said that through these exploration attempts, we hope to let everyone realize that Jingmai Mountain still has many valuable things, and if it can be reasonably developed and utilized, it can give full play to its economic value.
The Brown people rely on mountains and mountains, water drafts, and ancient tea forests to meet their daily needs. In their eyes, the ancient tea forest is a treasure, and this treasure has more value worth discovering.
"The successful application of the ancient tea forest cultural landscape of Jingmai Mountain has given us a lot of inspiration and will also bring us many opportunities." He Ruijie said, "By protecting the mountains and rivers here and living in symbiosis with the mountains and forests, we can get more gifts from nature." (Yunnan Daily reporter Hu Meijun Shen Hao)
Promote the green development of electric energy substitution services
Most of the tea workshops of Jingmai Mountain Tea Farmers now use electric energy for tea finishing and kneading, which has changed greatly from the traditional way of making tea using firewood in the past, and the use of clean energy is the most prominent symbol of the change in the concept of Jingmai Mountain people. At present, more than 1,500 tea processing points in Jingmai Mountain have realized the transformation of electric tea making process, and the installed capacity of customers exceeds 22,000 kilowatts, and the electric energy substitution not only protects the ecological environment, but also saves about 800,000 yuan of firewood burning costs for Jingmai Mountain every year.
Since the launch of the application for the World Heritage Site in 2010, Yunnan Power Grid Company has cooperated with the application project to invest in a large number of power construction and transformation projects, such as 10 kV line insulation transformation, agricultural grid transformation and upgrading, and core ancient village cable entering the ground. From 2011 to 2015 alone, 59 agricultural network renovation and upgrading projects were launched consecutively, which strongly supported the improvement of the human environment of Jingmai Mountain and the development of tea planting and processing. The power grid design is ahead of the layout, in order to maintain the original style of Jingmai Mountain, the construction of power lines avoids ancient tea forests. Green channels have been opened to shorten the duration of electricity operation, low-voltage supporting industry expansion projects for live operations have been implemented to reduce the time of power outages for users, and projects such as cable access to the ground and charging network construction have been launched to promote the green development of Jingmai Mountain.
With sufficient and reliable power, in order to protect the ecological environment of Jingmai Mountain, Yunnan Power Grid Company began to promote electric tea.
In 2015, the Jingmai Saga Tea Company of the Yancho brothers bought the first finishing machine at the suggestion of Liu Xiangte, then director of Jingmai Power Supply Institute, and processed 1 ton of tea only required more than 150 yuan of electricity, saving 850 yuan compared with the previous firewood. Tasting the sweetness, the rock chop then added several electric tea-making equipment, through the way of electric energy substitution, saving the company about 80,000 yuan in firewood costs a year, and the annual output of 100 tons of tea brought them nearly 40 million yuan of income.
In 2021, after several years of practice and demonstration, the cooperative led by Nan Kang, former director of the village committee of Mangjing Village and secretary of the general branch of the party, also entered a full set of electric tea making equipment. Killing machine, kneading machine, deblocker, color sorter has moved into the plant, transformer capacity from 30 kVA to 250 kVA capacity, when the machine "boom" to the moment of operation, Nankang said that Jingmai Mountain ancient tea processing into the era of clean energy, "the use of electricity tea is clean and environmentally friendly, processing tea than the original two-thirds of the time, but also reduce the cost, the ancient tree tea produced by electricity is as fragrant as the traditional ancient tree tea." ”
During the peak period of tea processing electricity consumption every year, Jingmai Power Supply Institute implements all-weather tracking services, and through basic management work such as marketing measurement and abnormal line loss, the institute has achieved 100% low-voltage centralized copying coverage, special variable centralized copying coverage, automatic meter reading rate, and electronic settlement rate, achieving zero user complaints for 20 consecutive years.
Jingmai Power Supply Institute has established a customer service WeChat group, covering all village cadres and nearly 100 small and micro enterprises, and the grid manager is responsible for 2675 users in 60 grid platform areas. (Yunnan Daily reporter Shen Hao, correspondent Fang Wanxin, Wang Juan)
Walk through the mountains and rivers to build a beautiful home together
Mountains and rivers, villages and villages, is a summary of the "Jingmai Mountain Ancient Tea Forest Cultural Landscape", and it is also the road traveled by the people of Jingmai Mountain.
If you ask, who has in-depth research on the traditional culture in the core reserve, Xiong Dengkui, associate researcher of the Lancang Lahu Autonomous County Museum, is one of them. When the application for the Jingmai Mountain World Heritage Site was launched in 2010, Xiong Dengkui, who worked as a docent at the museum, was involved in the work, and she was 34 years old at the time. Xiong Dengkui said that after the application was launched, many experts began to study the ecology, ethics, culture, etc. of Jingmai Mountain, and the requirements for the docent were raised: "Every sentence must have a source, a basis, and withstand scrutiny." ”
In order to do a good job in explaining the cultural landscape of the ancient tea forest of Jingmai Mountain, Xiong Dengkui often runs to various villages, and finds the corresponding inscriptions, totems, and buildings in the villages according to the explanatory words... So that the audience can always answer questions during the presentation. "The creativity of the village's traditional culture gives me a very simple feeling, and the aesthetic is also very free, which inspires me a lot." Xiong Dengkui introduced that he is very interested in the traditional culture of Jingmai Mountain, and when he encounters relevant content, he will go to the scene to understand and consult relevant experts after checking the information.
After running more, the people are familiar, and the villagers say that she is half Onki. "The content of the explanation, every sentence needs to be scrutinized word by word, which is a tedious and even somewhat boring work, but participating in the application of Jingmai Mountain is very meaningful and a heavy mission." Xiong Dengkui said.
Also walking through the mountains and rivers are the villagers when they are busy with tea. "When I was still studying, when it was time to pick tea, I would go to the tea mountain after school to help, and I would eat there for lunch... The picking and protection of ancient tea trees is what my parents do, and I will follow suit. In the view of Xian Gong, the person in charge of Jingmai Mountain's ancestral homeland Gongming Tea Source Tea Industry Co., Ltd., Jingmai Mountain is a homeland, and tea trees are like family. Protecting tea plants and inheriting ethnic minority tea culture is like protecting one's own family and continuing good family customs.
Xiangong said: "Jingmai Mountain has many flavors, different tea forests, different seasons, different production methods, will present different tea flavors. There is still a long way to explore how to preserve these flavors well and present them to the world. Jingmai Mountain people are inseparable from the mountain, and even more inseparable from tea. We grow tea, make tea, taste tea, and talk to tea attentively, only hoping that more people will understand Jingmai Mountain and understand the tea of Jingmai Mountain. Xiangong said that people who hope to come to Jingmai Mountain will come into contact with natural high-quality tea drinks and feel the charm of Jingmai Mountain. (Yunnan Daily reporter Zheng Haiyan, Xing Luyang, trainee reporter Duan Fengyuan)
Expert interviews
Be a good guardian and inheritor of the world heritage - experts talk about the success of the application of the ancient tea forest cultural landscape of Pu'er Jingmai Mountain
"Pu'er Jingmai Mountain ancient tea forest cultural landscape is a physical illustration and typical representative of the continuation of the traditional tea planting method under the forest in the early human society, is a living museum about human tea planting and tea culture, and is the world's first tea-themed world cultural heritage, which vividly shows the world how a tea leaf affects the culture of a local population, and then realizes the true process of harmony between people and land and thousands of years of inheritance." Zhang Pisheng, director of Pu'er Jingmai Mountain Ancient Tea Forest Protection Administration, said that the cultural landscape of Pu'er Jingmai Mountain Ancient Tea Forest meets the standards of World Heritage, and this unique ancient tea forest protection management system fully respects local climatic conditions, topographic characteristics and animal and plant populations, realizes the protection of cultural and biodiversity and the sustainable use of natural resources, and shows the original tradition of complementary use of natural resources by the Brown, Dai and other ethnic groups in the mountain environment. In terms of site selection, pattern and architectural style, the villages and traditional residential buildings in the heritage components reflect the understanding and utilization of the ecological environment, ecological civilization and ecological wisdom with unique value, and compose a living demonstration of harmonious coexistence between man and tea, which is the wisdom crystallization of mainland farming civilization, and is also a model of benign interaction and sustainable development between man and nature, and a cultural treasure shared by all mankind.
"In the past 13 years, the heritage declaration work has not only effectively protected the authenticity and integrity of the heritage, but also gradually established a management, interpretation, monitoring and legal system that matches the protection of the heritage." Zhang Pisheng introduced that first, a heritage management system has been established. Relying on the combination of China's administrative management mechanism for cultural relics and the current management level, it implements hierarchical responsibility and territorial management, and builds a five-level management framework of national, provincial, municipal, county and town special management agencies. Second, a legal protection system has been established. Promulgated and implemented 3 special laws and 7 rules and regulations, completed the collection and collation of 177 existing relevant laws and regulations, and ensured that there are rules and laws to follow in the protection and management of heritage elements. Third, a heritage monitoring system has been established. A heritage monitoring system was established through a combination of online intelligent monitoring and offline manual monitoring, and emergency handling measures were formulated to achieve timely prevention, timely detection and timely disposal. Fourth, a heritage interpretation system has been established. A three-level heritage interpretation and display system for heritage sites, administrative villages and natural villages has been established, and nearly 200 protection plaques and explanatory signs have been set up, comprehensively displaying the outstanding universal value of heritage.
Zhang Pisheng said that we are the witnesses of the application of Jingmai Mountain, the guardians and inheritors of the heritage, we must abide by the Convention on the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, learn from international concepts, improve the long-term mechanism for heritage protection, and protect, use and inherit this heavy cultural heritage well with the world's vision, scientific concept and spirit of responsibility; It is necessary to love the ancient tea forest as much as the eyes, and let the thousand-year-old tea forest continue to highlight the beauty of history, humanities and ecology in this pure land of mankind. We will continue to inherit the ecological wisdom of "forest tea symbiosis and harmony between people and land", publicize and display the precious value of excavating and utilizing the ancient tea forest of Jingmai Mountain, correctly handle the relationship between heritage protection and economic and social development, adhere to the development ideas of original ecological protection on the mountain and development and utilization under the mountain, position "mountain" as a tea culture experience place, "mountain" as a comprehensive display of heritage value, integrated development of tea industry, and supporting areas for comprehensive tourism services, and feed back the protection of the mountain with the income under the mountain, and the protection of the mountain drives the development of the mountain. Realize the complementary evolution and linkage development of mountains and mountains, promote the active evolution and sustainable development of heritage sites, and make the world cultural heritage "live". (Yunnan Daily reporter Hu Meijun Shen Hao)