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Before the outbreak of the Korean War, the internal turmoil in the north and south of the Korean Peninsula changed dramatically, with internal and external troubles, and each shouldered internal problems. South Korea is plagued by guerrilla movements and left-wing underground, and North Korea harbors a group of dissatisfied dissidents, mainly Christians, right-wing students, and families of the land-rich who are quietly gathering strength ready to launch an insurgency at any time. At the same time, the South Korean secret service in the Korean War, the Donkey-6 unit composed of right-wing students in Songlin City, also quietly emerged.
Songrim City is located in the northwest of North Hwanghae Province, North Korea, just 30 kilometers from the capital Pyongyang. Before the outbreak of the war, right-wing students in the area established an underground organization called the "Patriotic Student Association", which secretly carried out liaison activities symbolized by hibiscus flowers. In September 1950, when they learned that U.S. and South Korean troops had occupied Seoul and were preparing to cross the 38th parallel and march north, members of the Patriotic Student Association took action and planned an uprising on October 9.
However, due to the resolute counterattack of the KPA, the ROK troops scheduled to support the Donkey-6 unit failed to reach Songrim in time. On this day, the intelligence services of the People's Army took the opportunity to arrest the core members of the patriotic student association, and the rest of the members fled into the mountains until the combined forces of the United States and South Korea recaptured the city of Songlin on October 16. The group of young men was incorporated into the Songlin City Security Corps to help fight against the People's Army guerrillas, led by captain Park Young-sun.
However, after more than a month of fox and tiger power, the Sino-Korean coalition launched a second campaign in November and recaptured Pyongyang. Faced with the rout of the U.S. and South Korean troops, the Songlin security team, which had only more than 700 men, realized that it was no match for the Sino-Korean coalition forces, so on December 5, 1950, it abandoned the city and fled south to the mountains of Changlian County, South Hwanghae Province, where it joined the Changlian security team to jointly fight the pursuit and suppression of the People's Army.
In January 1951, the KPA intensified its sweep of security units in the mountainous western mountains of South Hwanghae Province and the remnants of the ROK army, and these defeated soldiers felt increasingly isolated and forced to flee to Baekling Island in the southwestern corner of South Hwanghae Province. The Pine Forest Security Team was no exception, and they were forced to retreat to Bailing Island in order to survive. In order to make more effective use of this group of defeated soldiers, Major Burke, a consultant to the U.S. Army, reorganized them into Unit 8240, using the code name "Donkey" for radio communications. The Pine Forest Security Team became the Donkey-6 unit.
After a series of guerrilla fights, escapes, and regrouping, the Donkey-6 unit was reduced to more than 100 people. In the team, Lee Won-jie served as chief of staff, Moon Seung-ji was in charge of intelligence, Ding Yiyu was in charge of operations, Lee Kyung-sun was in charge of supplies, Ahn Tae-gi was the communications captain, and Kwon Ha-ryu was the captain.
On April 22, 1951, shortly after its establishment, the Donkey-6 unit, in cooperation with the September Unit, secretly infiltrated the Yueli Peninsula in South Huanghai Province to detect the coordinates of the KPA coastal artillery positions and transmit the information to the United Nations forces. A British cruiser then arrived and destroyed the artillery positions.
However, the student force was frequent, with infighting often breaking out over disagreements. In May 1951, captain Park Young-sun was beaten to death by his teammates during an internal conflict. Major Burke, who had suspected KPA agents of infiltration, ordered the troops to be disbanded. However, after investigation, South Korean military intelligence determined that Park Young-sun's death was caused by a personal grudge and had nothing to do with KPA agents.
In September 1951, 45 spies of the Donkey-6 unit secretly landed in Songhe County, South Hwanghae Province, and with the assistance of local spy Shin, attacked the KPA, killing six commanders and freeing 30 prisoners of war and spies. As a result of this successful attack, U.S. Army adviser Major McGuillan agreed to restore the Donkey-6 unit, with former intelligence staff officer Wen Shengzhi as the captain, and the unit was also known as the Yuefeng Force, because Wen Shengzhi's hometown was in Yuefengli, Songlin City, and the intelligence staff officer was replaced by Kim Hui-sex.
However, this group of students is once again caught up in infighting and seems unable to escape the infighting. Perhaps because other members had doubts about Moon's leadership, the unit remained in combat or expanded for months. Infighting continued, and Major McGuillan could not bear the situation, so in February 1952 he ordered the Moon Peak unit to be disbanded again, and all members were transferred to the Donkey-13 unit.
However, Wen Shengzhi is not willing to give up his leadership position easily. While insisting on asking Major McGuille to give them another chance, he actively mobilized his cronies to plan activities within the Donkey-13 unit. In order to get rid of this trouble, Major McGuillan finally agreed that Wen Shengzhi and his cronies would rebuild the Yuefeng force three months later. To avoid being entangled by the headache captain again, Major McGene drove them to the Jiaodao sub-base outside the mouth of the Taedong River.
Wen Shengzhi is full of gratitude to Major McGin, and is determined to repay his kindness with practical actions. He handed over Zheng Huangye and 30 other comrades to the US military, and after only 15 days of parachuting training, they were airdropped to Songlin City in June 1952 to carry out an infiltration mission. However, the group of agents were detected by the KPA before they landed, either shot down in the air or captured after landing.
On August 25, 1952, 45 members of the Yuefeng unit secretly landed on the coast of the town of Nanpu Yanguli and encountered the People's Army in training, and after more than 40 minutes of fierce fighting, they killed seven KPA commanders and fighters and captured two. With the arrival of People's Army reinforcements, Yuefeng troops quickly withdrew and hijacked a wooden sailing ship. Soon after, on 25 October, 35 members of the Yuefeng Force landed again on the coast of the town of Nanpu Yanguli and attacked a People's Army patrol, killing 16 People's officers and men and destroying three fortifications.
The Wolbong unit performed well in the second half of 1952 and even penetrated deep into the outskirts of Pyongyang. Major McGuinn greatly appreciated their performance and decided to merge the officers and men of the disbanded Donkey-8 unit into the Yuefeng unit. As a result, the total number of this special agent force reached more than 340 people.
In July 1953, with the formal armistice of the Korean War, Jiaodo would be transferred to North Korea. The U.S. military used warships to withdraw the Wolbong troops and placed them on Yongyu Island outside the port of Incheon, and incorporated them into the ROK command system, renamed the 7th Battalion of the 6th Regiment of the 8250th Unit. After a period of retraining and ideological education, the officers and men of this unit either took off their uniforms and went home, or transferred to other units of the ROK army. However, in any case, as a group of rebellious students far from home, the vast majority of them will not be able to reunite with their families for the rest of their lives.
The Korean War, a conflict of honor and sacrifice, has forged many heroic stories. The tenacity and indomitable will of the Donkey-6 unit is a unique light in this history that deserves our eternal memory and respect.
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