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The dawn: the mystery of LK-99 superconducting materials solved
The world's scientific community has set off a sensational storm, LK-99, known as the miraculous material of room temperature superconductivity, has been in the limelight for a while. However, as time went on, the myth bust seemed to become more apparent.
In this fascinating story, let's travel back in time to the Max Planck Institute for Solid Solids in Stuttgart, Germany, frozen at 17:47 on August 11. At that moment, scientist Pascal Pupal submitted a preprint paper that signaled that the fate of LK-99 might be decided.
However, the mystery of LK-99 was not revealed overnight. The beginning of the story began more than two weeks ago, on the morning of July 22. Two papers, published on the preprint website arXiv, claimed that LK-99 was able to superconduct under "room temperature + normal pressure" conditions, which instantly caused an uproar. But whether this breakthrough is real has caused widespread controversy.
Originally, the characteristics of LK-99 seemed convincing: it was semi-suspended above the magnet, and the resistivity dropped sharply at a specific temperature. This appears to be a trace of superconductivity, sparking excitement about the material. However, multiple international research teams moved quickly to try to replicate the findings, but the results were surprisingly unsatisfactory.
The scientific team of Beihang University has synthesized LK-99 samples according to the method of the Korean team, but no superconductivity has been observed, let alone magnetic levitation. Professor Sun Yue of Southeast University found that although some samples measured zero resistance below minus 173.15 degrees Celsius, they did not have diamagnetism. Researchers at Peking University found some "magnetic semi-levitation" phenomena, but did not achieve zero resistance. This series of findings raises questions about the authenticity of LK-99.
However, there are still voices that hold different views. Sinid M. Lee, a researcher at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA. Using density functional theory calculations, M. Griffin proposed the idea that LK-99 could have high-temperature superconductivity. His research has sparked more discussion, but the controversy remains unresolved.
In this wave of scientific exploration, a key discovery came to the fore: cuprous sulfide. The drop in resistivity of LK-99 seems to coincide surprisingly with the phase transition temperature of cuprous sulfide, which has led to questions about whether the superconductivity of LK-99 stems from the presence of cuprous sulfide.
To solve this mystery, scientists urgently need a sample of LK-99 without cuprous sulfide. Pascal Pupal of the Max Planck Institute for Solid Solids in Germany successfully synthesized such a sample, transparent and purple, but did not show superconductivity. His research team used a technique called floating-zone crystal growth that avoided introducing sulfur into the LK-99 sample. The discovery seems to cast a shadow over the superconductivity of LK-99.
In conclusion, although the LK-99 once shone brightly, its mystery became clearer as more research and experimentation unfolded. The presence of cuprous sulfide appears to be a key reason why the material exhibits superconductivity-like behavior, while samples without cuprous sulfide do not exhibit superconductivity. While the story once excited the scientific community, it now seems that LK-99's superconducting dreams may have been shattered. The path of science is full of twists and turns, and truth often takes time to reveal.
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