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Prevention and control of myopia in the school season
Prevention of myopia
Recently, the General Department of the National Disease Control and Prevention Administration issued a notice on the "Technical Guidelines for Comprehensive Public Health Intervention for the Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children and Adolescents".
New semester, new atmosphere, protect eyesight, start from the new semester! The new semester of tension and fulfillment has begun, reminding parents and students to prevent and control myopia scientifically and relieve tension.
Cherish your eyes
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To parents
The situation of myopia and the harm of high myopia make parents talk about near-color change, look at the tiger, parents are anxious about their children's vision, and blame themselves for not managing their children's eyes well while reprimanding their children. We all understand the "myopia anxiety" of parents. Although myopia is irreversible, it can be prevented and controlled. Parents should adjust their mentality, please check the following "prevention and control cheats".
01
Create a good visual environment
1. Provide good home indoor lighting and lighting environment.
The desk (long axis) should be placed perpendicular to the window, and students who are accustomed to writing with their right hand allow light to enter from the left-hand side (the opposite is true for students who are used to writing with their left hand). Glass plates or other items that are prone to glare should not be placed on the desk.
When reading and writing at home during the day, try to use natural light, if the natural light is insufficient during the day, give priority to using the ceiling light of the room. When the light is still low, use a desk lamp to assist the lighting.
The desk lamp should be selected for products that have passed the national compulsory product certification (that is, CCC certification), and placed in front of the opposite side of the writing hand (for students who are accustomed to using right-handed writing, the desk lamp should be placed in front of the left; Habitual left-hand writing is the opposite).
When reading and writing at night, use the ceiling lamp and the desk lamp at the same time, and place the desk lamp correctly. Turn on the ceiling light of the room when watching TV or playing on the computer at night.
2. According to the child's growth and development, regularly adjust the height of the desk and chair to urge the child to pay attention to maintaining the correct reading and writing posture.
The early grades of elementary school are a very important time to master the posture of reading and writing. Parents should help their children develop correct reading and writing postures from an early age, write without tilting their heads, bending over, lying on the desk, not lying down to read, and using electronic products.
3. Guide and supervise children to use electronic products reasonably and standardly.
When you need to learn online, you should choose large-size screens and high-resolution electronic products such as TVs and desktop computers. Keep a suitable distance, the viewing distance of the TV is not less than 4 times the diagonal distance of the screen, the horizontal viewing distance of the computer is not less than 50cm, and the viewing distance of the mobile phone is not less than 40cm. Strictly control video time.
4. The child's bedroom does not have TVs and computers, uses dark curtains at night, and does not turn on night lights to sleep.
Guide your child to avoid or reduce exposure to high-bright, blue-rich electronics at night.
02
Ensure 1 hour of outdoor activities and adequate sleep outside of school
Parents encourage and actively participate in their children's extracurricular activities and complete extracurricular sports homework; On weekends and holidays, children go outdoors and go out to nature, increase outdoor activities during the day, relieve eye fatigue and strengthen the body. Guide children to manage independently, reasonably plan homework and rest time, and ensure adequate sleep time.
03
Pay attention to your child's vision and changes!
★1, normal vision and farsighted children with insufficient reserve, not immediately myopia, need to observe for a period of time, starting from changing its high-risk factors, through a variety of ways to increase daytime outdoor activities, reduce near-vision behavior, improve the visual environment, etc., if after a period of time, farsightedness reserve declines too fast, the eye axis continues to grow (more than 0.4mm per year), it is necessary to attach great importance to it, and take timely measures to correct it after a clear diagnosis.
Since 2018, the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention has successively cooperated with Beijing Tongren Hospital, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Physical Examination Center and other professional medical institutions to pilot the screening of farsighted reserves for children and adolescents in childcare institutions and primary and secondary schools, judge whether the farsighted reserves are sufficient, and cooperate with the above-mentioned professional medical institutions to open a green channel for clinical diagnosis and treatment for students' parents for those with ophthalmic examination problems, and provide scientific and standardized diagnosis and treatment services for children. It is recommended that parents know their children's farsightedness reserve as soon as possible, reserve enough farsightedness reserve for their children, and actively prevent myopia. If parents find that their child's vision has decreased or myopia has deepened, they should take their child to a regular medical institution for eye examination in time, and adopt scientific methods for prevention and control.
★2. Children who have developed myopia, parents should take them to professional institutions in time to check and correct, such as determining the need to wear glasses, parents should follow the requirements of the doctor or optometrist to choose the appropriate degree of glasses for the child, follow the doctor's advice to wear glasses, and regular follow-up, it is recommended to review the progress of diopters, eye axis, etc. every 3 months, timely adjust the myopia control program, as far as possible to slow down the increase of myopia degree, myopia degree control in a safe range.
★3. Children with high myopia should regularly do fundus examinations, detect complications early, intervene early, and avoid some irreversible visual damage.
To the students
The eyes are the windows of the heart! In the case of normal vision and vision, more than 80% of the perceptual information we obtain from the outside world is done through the eyes.
The rate of myopia among students is increasing, which in turn causes the rate of high myopia to continue to rise. High myopia increases the likelihood of developing eye diseases such as glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, retinal detachment, and even vision loss in the future.
We need to protect our eyesight from an early age and share a pair of bright eyes.
1. Actively participate in outdoor sports
Ensure that the outdoor activity time during the day is at least 2 hours a day, reduce sedentary and video time, strengthen the body, improve physical fitness and ensure growth and development.
2. Adjust your work and rest to ensure sleep
Elementary school students sleep no less than 10 hours a day, junior high school students no less than 9 hours, high school students no less than 8 hours. Keep school days and weekends basically the same schedule, and reduce "social jet lag".
3. Maintain correct reading and writing posture
Maintain the correct reading and writing posture, that is, the "three ones": the chest is one fist away from the table, the eyes are one foot away from the book, and the hand is one inch away from the tip of the pen. Carefully standardize eye exercises, family eye massage exercises, etc., and relax the eyes in time.
4. Avoid bad eye habits
Do not read or use electronic products while eating, lying down, do not read and write in too low light or direct sunlight, and turn on the room headlight and desk lamp at the same time when reading and writing at night.
5. Ensure a comfortable learning environment
Choose a desk chair (or desk chair) that suits your height, read books/electronic products in a place with suitable illumination, stability and quiet, and avoid reading in a bumpy and shaky environment.
6. Reduce the use of electronic products
The use of electronic products for non-learning purposes should not exceed 15 minutes, and the cumulative amount should not exceed 1 hour per day, and after using electronic products to learn for 30 minutes, you should rest and relax for 10 minutes, the younger the age, the shorter the continuous use of electronic products.
7. Reasonable nutrition and balanced diet
Three meals are timed and quantified. Ensure a reasonable diet, food diversity, not picky eaters, eat enough types and portions of vegetables and fruits every day, consume enough high-quality protein, drink enough water, stay away from sugary drinks, sweets can be moderate but not excessive.
8. Timely scientific correction of myopia
If there are signs such as the need to sit in the front row of the classroom to see the blackboard clearly, close to the screen when watching TV, headache or eye fatigue, frequent rubbing of eyes, etc., inform parents in time and go to a regular ophthalmic medical institution for examination, follow the doctor's advice for scientific intervention and myopia correction, try to refraction in an ophthalmic medical institution to avoid incorrect correction methods leading to aggravation of myopia.
Bibliography:
[1] Department of Comprehensive Department of National Disease Control and Prevention, "Technical Guidelines for Comprehensive Public Health Intervention for the Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children and Adolescents" [EB/OL](2023-08-30)
[2] National Health Commission, Guidelines for Appropriate Technologies for the Prevention and Control of Myopia in Children and Adolescents (Updated Edition) [EB/OL](2021-12-09)
Contribution: Wang Lu, Institute of Science and Health, Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
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