Recently, many readers and friends have asked me to buy the paper version of "Deep Analysis of Volumes 1-5 of Mao Xuan", hoping to read and penetrate Mao Xuan and absorb wisdom by learning the in-depth analysis of each article in volumes 1-5.
On a daily basis, some readers and friends come to me for advice: Teacher Yining, why do teachers openly talk about protracted war, are they not afraid that the Japanese will steal learning?
In fact, these problems are explained by relevant wisdom in Mao Xuan, which is the wisdom summed up by the instructors in Jinggangshan, Yan'an, and on the Long March for many years, and it is the experience of many years of struggle, but many people will not learn and apply it live! I have also summarized the methods and ideas of this kind of analysis problem in the book "Mao Xuan 1-5 Volumes Deep Analysis Edition".
Today, I will try to analyze it again with Mao Xuan's thinking, and also "dissect this sparrow" to do an in-depth analysis for readers and friends who love to read Mao Xuan.
When the instructors openly published "On Protracted War," were they not afraid that the Japanese army invading China would steal their studies and come up with countermeasures?
Don't be afraid, because it's not something that can be solved by coming up with a strategy at all.
If we understand the essence and essence of "On Protracted War", we will understand that even if all the high-level officials of the militaristic Japan of that year read "On Protracted War" all night and pondered how to deal with it, they would not be able to change the final result of Japan's defeat.
Moreover, the Japanese army that invaded China did not take protracted war too seriously.
In short, the instructor explained thoroughly the laws and characteristics of the War of Resistance Against Japan, and this rule I can use to strengthen me, but the enemy not only cannot use it, but tries his best to hide and distort this law and characteristic.
01
On protracted war, it is about the method of defeating the strong with weakness, winning more with less, and defeating injustice with justice.
The 16-character mantra of guerrilla warfare: "When the enemy advances, I retreat, when the enemy is stationed in my disturbance, when the enemy is tired, I fight, and when the enemy retreats, I pursue."
So how do the weak defeat the strong?
First of all, we have to look at the environment, we have to see whether there are conditions that can be used, and we have to look at the nature of things.
A tiger is in the same room as an unarmed ordinary person, and it is basically impossible for this person to defeat the tiger. But if the room hides a gun; If the structure of the room is strange, the tiger's movement is restricted, but the person can move freely;
Then this person has the conditions and environment to defeat the tiger.
If there is nothing, or even if there is, but you cannot find these conditions and cannot take advantage of them, then the weak cannot turn over.
In "On Protracted War", the instructors made a lot of analysis on the national conditions of China and Japan and the direction of the war, but all these analyses have a premise:
"The Sino-Japanese War was not any other war, but a decisive war between semi-colonial and semi-feudal China and imperialist Japan in the thirties of the twentieth century. The basis for the whole problem is here. ”
This precondition defines the characteristics of each side of the war, and also points out what conditions we can take advantage of, and defines the nature of the war.
The reason why China can win and why Japan will lose in the end is all in this.
The instructors taught us that when solving problems and analyzing problems, we should grasp the main contradiction and the main aspect of the main contradiction.
Many people do not understand what contradiction means, nor do they understand what is called the main aspect of the main contradiction, which is actually very easy to understand.
Don't think too rigidly of the concept of contradiction, contradiction is actually specific things, processes, worlds, and even ideas.
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, there were many contradictions within China, such as contradictions between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, contradictions between various factions within the Kuomintang, contradictions between revolutionary forces and counter-revolutionary forces, and so on, but the contradiction that really determined the direction of China was the contradiction between China and Japan, and this was the main contradiction.
China and Japan formed a pair of contradictions because of the war of aggression launched by the Japanese army invading China, and this is also the contradiction with the most intense degree of confrontation.
Because not all contradictions will develop to the confrontation stage, some contradictions can be resolved by soft means, but the contradictions between China and Japan during the Anti-Japanese War must be decided to end.
That is, what the instructor said: "A war to the death." ”
The national conditions of China and Japan, as well as the era and specific circumstances in which they occurred, as well as the nature of the war, constitute the particularity of this contradiction.
War firmly linked China and Japan, and the transformation of the status of both sides must eventually be realized through the bond of war. The particularity of the War of Resistance Against Japan should be found from the two sides of the contradiction, and the most obvious particularity should be found from the dominant side.
Of the two main contradictions, Japan undoubtedly occupies a dominant position, that is, the main aspect of the main contradictions.
This requires us to study Japan thoroughly, so that we, who occupy a secondary position, can find a way to make good use of the conditions, make use of the connection between them, and ultimately achieve the goal of changing the status of the two sides.
To analyze the particularity of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the first thing to do should be to gain insight into the motives of militaristic Japan for starting the war, not the obvious reasons, but the essence hidden behind various phenomena.
The main purpose of analyzing the main aspects of the main contradiction and analyzing the conditions, environment and nature of the transformation of things is to explore the stable connection implied in it, and then use this connection to accelerate or delay the transformation of the status of the two sides of the contradiction.
To put it bluntly, it is to find out the context and prescribe the right medicine in order to cure the disease.
03
What about Japan and China?
Here's how the instructor analyzed:
First, as an imperialist country, Japan is a country with strong comprehensive strength, and its military, economic, and organizational strength can rank first in the world. Therefore, Japan was able to dominate in the early days of the Sino-Japanese War.
China is a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country, and its national strength has been constantly passing since the Opium War, and it has not achieved national independence during the Anti-Japanese War, and it is still a weak country.
Second, Japan itself is a contradiction, once during the Sino-Japanese War, Japan was an upward development country relative to the decadent Qing Dynasty, but by the time of the Anti-Japanese War, the internal contradictions of imperialist Japan had intensified and entered the second half of the development of things.
It was precisely in order to ease the increasingly intensified contradictions at home that Japan risked launching an unjust war of invasion. And because of the special system of militaristic Japan, most of the soldiers are extreme and cruel, and they will further intensify the contradictions between Japan and abroad.
On the other hand, although China is a weak country, after many baptisms of revolutionary failure, the Chinese people have taken on a new look and have such an advanced political party as the Communist Party; in addition, the War of Resistance Against Japan was a war of the Chinese nation against the aggressors and could win the support of the entire people.
In this respect, although China is in a weak position, it is developing upward, and Japan, although dominant, is developing downward.
Third, Japan is a military power, but it is a small island country with few resources, insufficient manpower and material resources, and insufficient stamina, which is Japan's disadvantage. Japan hopes to solve the problem of lack of resources and insufficient stamina in the war, but China's stubborn resistance will not only not allow Japan to achieve its goals, but will accelerate the consumption of Japan's resources.
On the other hand, China is a big country with a large land and vast resources, with a strong war potential and sufficient stamina. This is China's advantage.
Fourth, although Japan can get the help of fascist countries in the international community, it will also encounter a stronger international opposition force when launching a war of aggression.
On the other hand, the Chinese people are waging an anti-aggression war and are on the just side, which will allow us to receive extensive international assistance. Because this era is the era when the righteous camp has the advantage.
The above four points are the main characteristics of China and Japan during the period of resistance against Japan, without subjective speculation, but with objective and comprehensive characteristics.
The analysis of these four points can be summarized as:
· 1. The comparison of the strength of the two sides of the contradiction, that is, the comparison of comprehensive strength.
· 2. Analyze the main aspects of the internal contradictions of the two sides of the contradiction, and the main direction of analysis is to look at the nature of the main aspects, whether they are progress or regression, whether they tend to stabilize and unite or to intensify and split.
· 3. Analyze the objective possession conditions of both sides of the contradiction, the main analysis direction is their own internal conditions, and the impact on the strength of both sides in the process of subsequent development, whether it is a favorable influence or an adverse effect.
· 4. Analyze the external environment in which the two sides live, and analyze the impact of external conditions on the two sides of the contradiction, whether they cancel each other out or how little.
The position of the above four points in the specific contradiction, that is, the influence on the progress of things, depends on the specific situation, but also depends on the stage.
In the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the first characteristic of the two sides had the greatest influence and dominated the development of the war situation, and the second and third characteristics of the two sides were the core things of this war, which would have a great impact on the development of the future situation and were also the focus of the future struggle between the two sides.
The fourth point is variables, and what impact the greater contradiction of the world war will have against the contradiction of the war with Japan depends on the subsequent development.
If you can skillfully apply this set of methods for analyzing the two sides of the contradiction, travel back to the Three Kingdoms era, you can't become a top strategist, and it is not difficult to mix a first-class strategist.
04
Some people may say, I don't see any role in these characteristics.
Strong is strong, weak is weak, except for the characteristic of strength and weakness, other characteristics are stubborn, do not work, can not change the situation.
If China had three advantages over Japan, why did Japan dominate the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japan, not China?
There is a process of the development of things, and we must look at the problem from the perspective of connection and development.
The transformation of contradictions is not automatic, but should be actively promoted by the weaker party.
What we can do to strengthen and develop our strengths to compensate for our weaknesses; And how to use the enemy's shortcomings in order to offset its own advantages.
Solving problems needs to be in the right direction, and characteristics are guiding lights.
"Sun Tzu's Art of War" has clouds: "Know yourself and know your opponent, and you will not lose a hundred battles." ”
Sun Tzu's art of war teaches you to analyze the characteristics of the opposing sides in order to survive a hundred battles, while materialist dialectics teaches you to look at problems comprehensively, teach you to grasp the main contradictions, and teach you how to analyze.
The instructor said: "War is a game of these characteristics. These characteristics will change according to their nature in the course of war, and everything will happen from here. ”
What does this mean?
The two sides of the war fight back and forth, in addition to the necessary military knowledge, in fact, it is to make a fuss about these characteristics, and whoever does it well and makes good use of it will win.
To put it simply, after analyzing these characteristics, we can clearly see the overall picture of the development of things, draw an objective viewpoint, and have a correct understanding of things, so that we can solve the problem.
If China wants to win the war, it must strive to expand its second, third, and fourth advantages, especially the advantages of a large number of people and easy unity of people's hearts, and also take advantage of the disadvantage of the lack of stamina of the Japanese army invading China.
If militaristic Japan wants to win the war, it must strive to give play to its own advantages in strength and strive to suppress China's advantages in the second and third points.
For China, the most important task is to establish a united front, and if this is done well, China's second and third advantages will continue to grow and develop, and the rest is a matter of time.
05
At this point, it is already possible to answer why, even if the Japanese are familiar with "On Protracted War", they cannot change the fate of their own failure.
There is only one way for Japan to crack the protracted war, that is, to support more Wang Jingwei and divide the Chinese people.
However, this road was blocked by the protracted war, and the more the protracted war was preached, the smaller the living space for Wang Jingwei and his ilk became, and the less likely Japan was to break the protracted war.
When the people of China knew the method of victory and knew that as long as they persisted, they would succeed in resisting Japan, they would bankrupt the plan of the Japanese devils.
China has not been defeated, which makes it impossible for Japan to use its military strength to prevent the further development of its own disadvantages of lack of resources and intensified domestic contradictions.
The reason why Japan launched the war was to solve its own disadvantages, one to divert the contradictions that had intensified within itself, and the other to solve the dilemma of the lack of resources of the island countries.
To achieve such a goal, you need to quickly turn a win into an advantage.
The Japanese dreamed of replicating the Sino-Japanese War, and as soon as the surrender treaty of the Qing government was signed, the silver spent in vain was sent to the Japanese treasury.
However, today is different, neither Yan'an nor Nanjing, it is impossible for the Japanese to copy history.
Because of its own faith and will, Yan'an could not choose to surrender, and the British and American behind Nanjing would not let Lao Jiang surrender. This is the second characteristic pointed out by the instructor.
In the face of the attack of militaristic Japan, what we must do is very simple, that is, to build the anti-Japanese united front, as long as the whole country strengthens its determination to resist Japan and makes use of China's vast territory and large number of people, the war can continue to be fought.
After introducing the time factor and adopting a protracted war, Japan could not end the war.
If you can't end the war, you can't even consolidate the phased achievements of the war, you can't turn the victory into an advantage, and naturally you can't obtain huge resources to make up for your own disadvantages, so you can only wait for death.
Under such circumstances, Japan's only remaining hope is to work politically to divide us, use the propaganda machine, support agents, and spread slogans such as "the war of resistance will be dead" and "another war will die" in an attempt to destroy the will of the Chinese people to resist Japan. That is, to combat and suppress our second advantage.
However, this road was also blocked by the instructor with a "On Protracted War".
06
During World War II, the main reason why the French surrendered so quickly was that the capitulation faction in the upper echelons of France was the majority.
In the face of a powerful enemy, once the idea of being invincible is born, the act of surrender will be bred, and Wang Jingwei is a typical example.
When the idea of surrender occupies the minds of the majority, surrender becomes the norm, which is dangerous.
It is easy to break the mountain thief, but it is difficult to break the heart.
If we want to reduce the strength of the capitulation faction, we must tell the Chinese people why China can win, we must clearly explain the reasons, explain the reason, and be persuasive, so that the Chinese people's anti-Japanese belief can be firm.
There is a saying that believes in the power of belief, and there is also a famous saying in the stock market: "confidence is more important than gold", if everyone does not believe that China can win, this battle cannot be fought.
At that time, people from the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and many social talents proposed that the War of Resistance Against Japan should be protracted, but although Jiang Baili, Li Zongren, or Chen Cheng all shouted out a protracted war, none of them could explain clearly and thoroughly the question of what a protracted war was and how to fight it.
The people who do this work are teachers.
The biggest feature of the instructor's article "On Protracted War" is that it is comprehensive, with more accurate foresight, the words are easy to understand, ordinary people can also understand, and what results will occur at what stage of the change, all explain to you clearly.
Before the publication of "On Protracted War", everyone was skeptical about China's anti-Japanese future and whether China could win, because the reasons for protracted war were not sufficient to persuade the broad masses to waver, resulting in a large number of people turning to the theory of losing the country or the theory of quick victory.
"The loser sees the enemy as a fetish and himself as a fetish, and the quick-win theorist sees the enemy as a fetish and himself as a fetish."
In the final analysis, the false essence of these two ideas is the same, that is, they will only look at the problem one-sidedly.
The losers only see the characteristics of strength and weakness, and subjectively exaggerate them, while the quick victorists only see the characteristics of Japan's lack of stamina, ignore the characteristics of strength and weakness, and begin to blindly arrogant as soon as there is a victory.
Both of these erroneous assertions will amplify the enemy's first advantage and weaken our second and third advantages.
Allowing these two ideas to spread and not correcting them in time will have an extremely negative impact on China's future of resisting Japan.
Therefore, the instructors devoted a great deal of space in "On Protracted War" to refute the theory of the death of the country and the theory of quick victory, in order to unify the thinking of the War of Resistance, correct erroneous thinking, establish the correct anti-Japanese thinking, and create an unprecedented atmosphere of resistance to the invaders in China.
As the saying goes, those who desire the same from top to bottom win.
The instructor's discussion of protracted war not only proposed direction, but also carefully answered why protracted war?
How to fight a protracted war? Why did China win?
How can there be a final victory?
And so on key issues.
No matter what kind of work you are engaged in or where you are, as long as you have the heart to resist the war, you can find your place in "On Protracted War" and know what to do to help the country and defeat the aggressor.
From theory to practice, from direction to practice, all are arranged for you clearly.
07
However, I did not expect that when the Eighth Route Army could influence the situation of the war by developing and expanding our superiority, Japan's second and fourth disadvantages would take the lead in developing and expanding to change the situation of the war.
Before the stage of the strategic counteroffensive arrived, militaristic Japan was first destroyed by the contradictions intensified at home and the joint destruction of international strike forces.
But such an ending is still not within the prediction of "On Protracted War":
Under what conditions can China defeat and eliminate the power of Japanese imperialism? There must be three conditions: first, the completion of China's anti-Japanese united front; the second is the completion of the international anti-Japanese united front; The third is the rise of the revolutionary movement of the people in Japan and the people in the Japanese colonies. As far as the Chinese people's position is concerned, of the three conditions, the grand alliance of the Chinese people is the main one. ”
This is also the reason why "On Protracted War" is still regarded as a classic by countless people after so many years, and the foresight is too strong and the operability is too strong.
Writing here, the whole article is basically over, but according to the convention, we have to sublimate it, after all, my core readers read my party history, not only for reading, but also for learning to improve their cognition.
We have already talked about how the instructors analyzed the War of Resistance Against Japan through materialist dialectics, and we will finally raise one point: no matter what we do, we must have a sense of problems.
On the protracted war, from "raising the question" to the final "conclusion," a total of 21 questions, 120 paragraphs, and more than 40,000 words were discussed.
Looking at the full text of the protracted war, it is mainly divided into two parts, the first part mainly explains why the War of Resistance Against Japan is a protracted war, why the final victory is Chinese, and criticizes the theory of the death of the country and the theory of quick victory;
The second part discusses how to wage a protracted war and how to strive for final victory, and expounds what is people's war and the strategy and tactics of people's war.
The way the whole article is written is actually to teach us how to think correctly and solve problems, showing us a complete thinking path.
First of all, we must correctly analyze and grasp the problem, secondly profoundly reveal the essence of the problem, and then correctly foresee the follow-up problems, and finally solve the problem accurately.
Everything revolves around the problem, revolves around the problem solving, and this is problem awareness.
It is also my insistence on in-depth analysis of the meaning of Mao selection.
So, why do more and more people love to read Mao Xuan?
Because it is indeed a guide book for everyone to solve the problems of survival and development encountered, it does have the guiding role of practice and theory, and it does have tenacious vitality
As long as we learn and apply it, it will definitely become a powerful "magic weapon" to transform our thinking. If you keep reading, you will see the world more "clearly".
It's just that this profound and intelligent work involves too much history, situation and considerations, and we are all prone to not being able to read through, to read thoroughly, and to miss the essentials at all. Even, after a long time, it has become a bookism, and can only bite the text and chew words, but will not learn and use it live, which is completely contrary to the original intention of reading Mao Xuan.
Each article in Mao Xuan's original work involves too much history, background, situation and consideration, and many of them have a certain philosophical nature, which makes it difficult to read through and read thoroughly. After a long time, it is easy to become a bookism and can only bite the words. Open your mouth to come a few volumes of sleek, but will not live learning, can not extract the thinking mode and methodology in it, nor can it guide our work, life, entrepreneurship, etc., let alone help improve cognition. Even, many people have been reading for a long time, read for a few years, and can not continue to read. This is also the feedback of many readers who have asked me to buy books.
The book "Gross Selection Volume 1-5 In-depth Analysis Edition" I wrote is to solve these problems, you can contact to buy. In order to really let everyone read the original work, they can use the methodology involved. I have also added some cases and reflections combined with our work, so that we can draw inferences from each other, help you really understand and read through Mao Xuan, and draw wisdom from Mao Xuan.
Almost 500,000 words, each article in volumes 1-5 has in-depth analysis, all combined with reality, refining methods, analysing thinking, and living learning to help truly improve thinking and insight, and will also send you "Mao Xuan 1-7 volumes of the original complete electronic version" (marking the focus of each article), "Dialectic Talk" for your daily reading. Each article is written dry goods, written in a specific way of thinking, and you can get it to practical use after reading it.
Including: analyzing the background, meaning, and personal thinking of each article, linking it with practical application, using strategic thinking, contradictory thinking, class analysis, and applying ideas such as independence and mass line to work. Each article is written as dry goods, written in a specific way of thinking, and can be used in practice after reading. I never write those bestsellers, and I can't solve anything after reading them.
I am not taking you to analyze history, but I just want to learn his way of thinking and wisdom with respect for the teacher, and then apply it to the actual work and life, focusing on this section of the road.
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