I don't forget who said it, a true warrior is one who faces the hardships of life, still full of love, and still has the courage to take responsibility.
I want to say that Du Fu is such a person -
He was not only a great poet, a great patriot, but also a warrior who faced life head-on.
This year is the year 1253 of Du Fu's death. When I think of Du Fu, I can't help but think of Qu Yuan, who is also a great patriot, but Du Fu has more heroic patriotism than Qu Yuan.
Du Fu also had the same illness as Qu Yuan, and his poem "Hunan Qing Jedi, eternal and long." "To mourn is to mourn yourself.
The second half of Du Fu's life was really bitter! Displaced and stranded. "The cloth has been cold like iron for many years, and the petite is vicious and cracked inside" The thatched hut was blown away by the autumn breeze, and the cloth futon was covered for many years and was cold and hard as iron and cold, and the child did not sleep well and the quilt was broken.
On the eve of the Anshi Rebellion, Du Fu returned to Fengxian from Chang'an with great difficulty, and as soon as he arrived at the door, he heard his wife crying.
Du Fu hurriedly entered the house and saw the young son's shriveled and thin body, and in his wife's arms, the poor child had starved to death.
As a father, Du Fu can't feed his children, how can he not be broken!
Did Du Fu come to Chang'an to seek a career in order to become an official and make a fortune? To make a name for yourself? No. His life credo is "to the sovereign Yao Shun, and then make the custom pure" to inherit the Confucian officials of his ancestors.
Dear readers and friends, when you roughly read Du Fu's life, you will be touched by him and you will cry for him.
Being in an official family, Du Fu lived a life of "fat horse and light fur" for the first twenty or thirty years of his life.
Traveled to Wuyue and Qi Zhao" between debauchery and Qi Zhao, and Qiu Ma was quite crazy. ”
When he was at his most proud, he wrote: "Will be the top of the mountain, see the mountains and small." "At that time, Du Fu was 24 years old, even if he had just failed the imperial examination!
At that time, his father was working as a Sima in Yanzhou, and Du Fu's life was quite prosperous.
"Xiaoteng has this, thousands of miles can run amok" Du Fu, who is in his twenties, has a high-spirited spirit. In today's words, the future is promising, and all imagination is beautiful.
Du Fu's ten-year travels are not life experiences that ordinary people can have. He wrote a lot of poems, he learned a lot of things, he made many friends.
In the 29th year of the Kaiyuan Dynasty (741 AD), Du Fu's father died, and Du Fu also ended his travels in this year and returned to Luoyang.
Regarding the marriage time of Du Fu and Mrs. Yang, scholars generally believe that it was in the twenty-ninth year of the first century, when Du Fu was thirty years old.
Let me analyze that Du Fu's father had just died that year. In ancient times, there was generally a three-year observance system. If he did get married in this year, it must have been married before his father died.
Du Fu's wife, Yang Shi, was the daughter of Yang Yi, a Sinong Shaoqing of Hongnong County (present-day Lingbao, Henan), eleven years younger than Du Fu.
To understand Du Fu's relationship with his wife, we all know it from his poems.
Du Fu's surviving poems mention his wife in more than twenty of them.
There are lovesick messages written after parting with his wife and details of getting along with his wife in life.
True feelings are revealed between the lines.
The most romantic song is "Moon Night" "Fragrant mist clouds are wet, clear glow jade arm cold." ”
What I translated is different from the Chinese textbook. It is definitely different from Du Fu's own feelings, and people have their own understanding!
There is only one wife, which is rare in ancient official families. Du Fu did not take a concubine in his life, only his wife was alone, and this kind of relationship was very rare.
The Yang family bore Du Fu eight children in his life, and during the turbulent days, the family had suffered from hunger and hunger, as well as ragged clothes and patches full of downfall. His wife has always been able to never give up life and death.
Du Fu left home at the age of 35 to seek a career in Chang'an. 10 years apart.
"Wife cries to heaven in the mountains" At that time, the carriage was very slow, and a letter had to be turned. A wife can't get news from her husband, so she can only cry in the mountains!
How did Du Fu see his wife crying! He can't see it if he wants to, he can only imagine. He understood his wife's heart for him and her concern for him, because he also cared for his wife and children.
In the second half of his life, Du Fu experienced physical and mental shocks and ups and downs. His poems and distant places become the stubbornness of the eyes.
Du Fu has been trapped in Chang'an for more than ten years and has not had a stable job.
When I was the poorest, I went to the street to sell herbs. It has been reduced to the point of taking to the streets to grab rice at a reduced price.
In 755, Du Fu joined the army as a soldier and managed the key to the military warehouse. I wanted to put pen to paper, but now I can only open the door with the key.
"Twilight with fat horse dust, broken cup and cold burning." It was in this situation that he came closer to the poor people.
He held a pen in his hand, looked at the rivers and mountains, and used his huge pen like rafters to write realistic narrative poems such as "Stone Trench Official" and "Troop Carriage Line" that made people cry.
Du Fu has been worried all his life, worried about his country and worried about the people. Worry about the cold of the world.
As for Du Fu's worries, it is not something that can be told in one article.
When Du Fu was serving as the left of Emperor Suzong of Tang, he was returned by the emperor because he dared to speak directly. After the reconquest of the Tang Dynasty, he was recalled and demoted to Huazhou Sigong to join the army.
"Yan knows for twenty years, the world is in the middle of nowhere" Du Fu has experienced too many tribulations, and even almost died several times.
The happiest days of Du Fu's second half of his life belonged to Du Fu Thatched Cottage in Chengdu and Yingxi Caotang in Cuizhou.
In the summer of the first year of Emperor Suzong of Tang (760), Du Fu's family traveled from Longyou to Chengdu.
With the financial support of old friends (Pei Mian, Yan Wu and others), in the first spring of Du Fu's arrival (761), on the bank of Huanhua Creek in the western suburbs, an elegant grass hall was built. It is now the 4A scenic spot "Du Fu Thatched Cottage".
Looking at the new home, Du Fu, who has been adrift for more than ten years, has a sense of steadiness in his heart, and his soul has wandered for too long and can finally stop.
"The beech willow branches are weak, and the loquat tree is fragrant. The partridge is shining in the west, and the wings are full of fish beams. His words permeated every corner around the grass hall.
"Huang Siniang's family is full of flowers, thousands of flowers and low branches." Huang Siniang is a neighbor of Du Fu's family, and because there is a poet neighbor, Huang Siniang also survives.
"The old wife draws paper for the chess game, and the child knocks needles to make a fishing hook" Neighbors and friends came over to play chess and fish together, and they were happy.
"Ken drank with his neighbor, and called for the rest of the cup across the fence." Bonded with your neighbors. Reading these verses, I feel that Du Fu has become an idyllic poet, and I am happy for him.
In addition to writing poems, Du Fu had to farm fields and vegetables at other times, and he was still half a farmer.
Du Fu's requirements for life have always been very simple.
At that time, Pei Mian was serving as the envoy of Chengdu Yin and Jiannan Xichuan. From time to time, Du Fu "offered rice to the deceased".
The following year, Pei Mian left Chengdu and Yan Wu took over. Yan Wu is a martial general, and he also admires Du Fu's literary brilliance, and he takes a lot of care of Du Fu's life.
"Out of the city in vain, the grass grass has no way to teach hoes." Du Fu said that Yan Wu was coming, so he opened a way with a hoe in front of the grass hall.
Yan Wu often brought a small group of people to the suburbs and walked along Huanhua Creek to Caotang. Every time I came, I carried wine and food, and the two chatted freely.
In June of the second year of Guangde (764), Yan Wu went to the imperial court, recommended Du Fu to be a staff officer of Jiedu, appointed a member of the inspection and engineering department, and gave him a scarlet fish bag.
It is a pity that Yan Wu only lived to be 39 years old (726~765), he was 14 years younger than Du Fu, but died five years earlier than Du Fu.
In the first year of Eitai (765), Du Fu resigned from the shogunate and returned to Caotang.
After Yan Wu's death, Du Fu had no help from friends and returned to a poor life.
Fortunately, he was accustomed to feeding himself with vegetables and wild fruits, and his neighbors gave him the nickname "Old Man with Vegetable Belly".
In the spring of 766, Du Fu left Caotang and took his family with him to Cuizhou.
At that time, Kuizhou was called Wanhucheng and was a political, economic and cultural hub.
In Cuizhou, Governor Bai Maolin admired Du Fu's talents, had the intention to help him, and recommended Du Fu to become a farmland administrator.
Helped the public to manage 100 hectares of Dongtun Gongtian. Du Fu rented dozens of acres of land and hired three or four servants to work with him.
Du Fu lived in the mountainside West Pavilion of Baidi Mountain. The servants, Ah Duan and Xinxing, found water twenty miles away and brought it to the kitchen.
Immediately afterwards, they fenced off the chicken pen and raised dozens of black chickens. In the spring, the eggs are used to hatch the chicks, and in the fall, the eggs are used for eating, and the days go by like a decent.
At this time, Du Fu was already an old man with gray hair, "half combed white, over the eyebrows and cane spots", and his body was deteriorating.
Under these circumstances, Du Fu maintained a passion for high-quality creation, and four hundred poems were published, accounting for one-third of his living works.
Yingxi Caotang is where Du Fu lived the longest in Cuizhou.
At the beginning of the twilight spring of the second year of the Great Calendar (767), Du Fu's family moved here.
At that time, Du Fu was already full of children and grandchildren, and he successively bought seven or eight thatched houses. The house was next to the mountain, and Du Fu bought forty acres of fruit forest nearby, planting citrus, pears and chestnuts.
"The sunset slopes in the lonely city of Kufu, and every Beidou looks
Jinghua. Du Fu's wish was always to realize the political ambition of "to the highest monarch Yao Shun and then make the customs pure".
Du Fu's life in Cuizhou, we seem to be quite comfortable, if he does not leave here for Jiangling, perhaps the wheel of fate will change direction.
In the spring of the third year of the Great Calendar (768), Du Fu received a letter from his younger brother Du Guan. "From Ru to Jingfu, books come to count me."
The younger brother invited his brother to live together in Jiangling, and Du Fu was excited in his heart, there are relatives there, and it is very rare to reunite in a foreign land.
Before leaving, Du Fu gave the 40 acres of orchards in Yingxi to his neighbors. The boat went east and reached Gangneung in March.
His younger brother's life was also very difficult, and Du Fu first defected to his clan brother Du Throne, and then successively visited local friends Zheng Xun, Li Zhifang, Xu Silu and others.
At that time, Du Fu was old, and his health behind his ears was not good, and after a meeting, the matter of finding an errand did not come to fruition.
Du Fu reluctantly left Gangneung and began his last wandering journey. This time, Du Fu was gone for three years.
For three years, Du Fu spent most of his time on a flat boat. "The wind and the willows are falling, and the rain is lying on the side of the building. Cable rows of fishing nets, connecting trees and rice boats. ”
When the family eats, they can only squat under the willow trees by the river, and on rainy days they have to stop at the edge of the inn....
In the spring of the fourth year of the Great Calendar (769), Du Fu's boat drifted across Dongting Lake, entered the Xiang River, and reached Changsha.
"Jia Sheng's bones have decayed, and he is close to Changsha." Du Fu's heart was desolate when he approached Changsha, and he did not have hope for this trip.
One day, Du Fu's boat encountered a sharp rise in the river on its way to Hengyang, and the boat was stranded in the water, and the family had no food for five days and nights.
At the last moment, the Yunyang County Order sent people to send wine and meat and other food, which saved the lives of Du Fu's family.
Later, it was rumored that Du Fu died on the boat the next day because he ate too much beef sent by the order of Yunyang County. I don't know who, so bored and self-righteous. I have seen this rumor in several articles.
In fact, Du Fu saw that the southbound was hopeless, and let the bow of the ship turn back to Tanzhou.
After resting here for a few days, Du Fu felt that his health was getting worse and worse, and decided to leave for his hometown Luoyang.
The family took a boat to flow the Xiangjiang River again. After late autumn, the weather gradually cools and the river water chills. In winter, Du Fu's old wind paralysis recurred, and he could only lie on the boat all day, and it was difficult to even stand.
One day, Du Fu lifted his trembling hand and wrote "Thirty-six Rhymes of the Pillow Book in the Wind and Boat". This poem is Du Fu's masterpiece poem!!
Xuanyuan Xiu made the law, and Yu Shun played the piano.
Shang Qiao Xiong sang the pipe, still hurt half dead.
Uji heavy binding, quail clothes inch by inch
The blood of the war is still flowing, and the voice of the army is still moving
Langjian is foolish, and the emperor is really here
It is recorded that Du Fu died around the winter of the fifth year of the Great Calendar (770), and his life stopped on the ship from Tanzhou to Yuezhou. Du Fu's remains were buried in Yueyang.
At this moment, I wondered if Du Fu had not left Cuizhou, whether he would not have been displaced again and died prematurely.
After Du Fu's death, his wife Yang died of illness in Luoyang, Luoyang, when she was only 49 years old. She married Du Fu at the age of 19 and spent 30 years together, and she also pursued her husband's departure. Du Fu and the Yang family were buried together, which can be regarded as the final consummation of a life of suffering!
Forty-three years later, Du Fu's second son, Du Siye, the son of Chongwu, ran out of money along the way, lived by begging, moved his grandfather's coffin back and buried it in Shouyang Mountain, northwest of Yanshi County, Henan, fulfilling Du Fu's wish to return to his ancestral hometown before his death.
"A hundred years of song is self-suffering, and there is no soulmate." The poetry spread to the world, and it was already a matter of his death, and he did not have the opportunity to feel this glory.
If you read Du Fu again, you have to cry for Du Fu.
Du Fu's figure disappeared on the Xiang River thousands of years ago, but his poetic soul will forever remain between heaven and earth.