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Name: Painted Tibetan calendar estimation chart
Year: Qing Dynasty
Category: Daily necessities
Volume: length 36 cm, width 83 cm
Collection unit: National Culture Palace Museum
This Qing Dynasty Tibetan calendar calculation map was collected in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, painted on yellow cotton cloth, and contains the process of estimating the traditional Tibetan calendar.
According to records, as early as 1000 BC, Tibet had an early calendar, when the moon's circle, absence, shuo, and look were used to calculate the month. In the 7th century AD, during the Songtsam Gampo period, Princess Wencheng entered Tibet and brought with her the calendar of the Central Plains. Subsequently, the Kalachakra calendar of India was also introduced to the Tibetan Plateau. Tibetan astronomers Sanjay Yeshi, Gyaltham Baisang and others created a Tibetan calendar based on the summer calendar of the Central Plains, the Kalachakra calendar of India and the ancient Gam Pema calendar. It mainly uses the five elements of metal, wood, water, fire and earth and the zodiac signs of rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, chicken, dog and pig to calculate the year, month and day. 12 months a year, the month is divided into large construction and small construction, 30 days for large construction and 29 days for small construction. Once every 3 years, there is a surplus or a shortage of days per month, auspicious days can be repeated by one day, and murderous days or black days are missing. Take a small cycle of 12 years (that is, small jiazi), and 60 years as a circle of qiong, that is, big jiazi.
The Tibetan almanac recorded in the existing history books first appeared in the 13th century; By the 19th century, the compilation of Tibetan almanacs had become more perfect. The official use of the current Tibetan calendar is in the fifth year of the Emperor Renzong of Song (1027), which is the year of the Ding Dynasty in the lunar calendar, so starting with the year of Ding Dynasty, 60 years is a Rao, and by 2023 it will already be the seventeenth Rao.
The Tibetan calendar is a very complete and scientific calendar calculation system, and the history of the integration and mutual learning of the Tibetan and Chinese peoples contained in it has always shone brightly on the Tibetan calendar calculation map.
Executive Producer|Yang Xinhua
Coordinator|Liu Jia Kang Kunquan
Review|We Fa Yan Xu Ying Tao Ying Lu Yan Li Yanqin
Written by Xu Changdong
Reviewer|Li Yiman, Guo Jiaxiang
Production | Kou Jiayu