However, although Su Qin's longitudinal ideology achieved some success for a period of time, it did not ultimately prevent the rise and unification of the Qin state.
This also highlights the complexity of diplomatic strategy in practice.
The stability of the alliance is affected by various factors, including differences of interest between countries, the personal ambitions of leaders, and external interference.
However, Su Qin's longitudinal thinking still provides useful references for today's international relations and diplomatic practice.
In the context of globalization, countries are more closely interconnected, and the importance of cooperation is becoming more prominent.
Su Qin's thought emphasized the importance of joint cooperation, and different countries jointly maintained international peace and stability through consultation, negotiation and alliance.
To sum up, Su Qin's diplomatic strategy reflects his political wisdom and ability to adapt flexibly, and his ideas of integration and vertical and horizontal have provided an important reference for future generations of politicians and diplomats.
His thought emphasizes the importance of cooperation and consultation in international relations and provides useful enlightenment for building a harmonious and stable international order.
Although his plan was not fully realized in the end, his ideas still provide valuable lessons for us to understand and respond to international challenges.
Zhang Yi's main ideas and contributions can be summarized as follows:
Representative of Legalism: Zhang Yi is one of the representatives of the Chinese Legalist school.
Legalism emphasized maintaining stability and order in the country through strong centralization and a strict legal system.
Zhang Yi argued that monarchs should govern their country by law, rather than relying on traditional etiquette and moral codes.
His idea of "rule of law" had a unique position in the political thought of the time and had a profound impact on the later Chinese legal system.
Ideology of Politics: Zhang Yi advocated "Zhengzheng", that is, emphasizing the authority and dignity of the monarch.
He believed that courtiers should respect the monarch like brothers and not express their opinions too freely.
This thought of his differs from the Confucian view of the etiquette and virtue of the monarchy, reflecting the characteristics of Legalist thought that emphasizes central authority and strong governance.
Equality of the nobles: Zhang Yi advocated "equality between the nobles and the nobles" and opposed aristocratic privileges.
He believes that everyone is equal, regardless of nobility, and only strength and talent are the criteria for judging a person's worth.
This view also reflects the emphasis of Legalist thought on practical achievements and abilities.
Military Reform: Zhang Yi also made important contributions to the military.
He advocated emphasizing the training of actual combat skills and put forward the "marching law" and the "hundred-mile military system," which to a certain extent improved the training and organization of the army and enhanced the country's combat effectiveness.
Divided Land: Zhang Yi proposed a "land division system" based on actual output, advocating the equal distribution of land to alleviate the gap between the rich and the poor and social conflicts.
00001. Although this system was not widely implemented at the time, it reflected his concern for social equity and stability.
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However, Zhang Yi's thinking and strategy are not without controversy.
His emphasis on centralization and the rule of law may sometimes ignore local realities, leading to revolts and discontent in some places.
His practice in some countries was not always successful and was sometimes hindered by aristocratic forces.
Nevertheless, Zhang Yi's ideas still have an important place in Chinese history.
He represented different schools of political thought during the Warring States period, and his Legalist thought provided an important reference for the development of the legal system in Chinese history.
His emphasis on strength and competence, and his advocacy of centralization and the rule of law, ideas that have partly guided the evolution of China's political system.
As a politician and representative of the Legalist school during the Warring States period of China, Zhang Yi's ideas and contributions not only had a profound impact on the political arena at that time, but also had an important impact on the evolution of the political system and the development of the legal system in Chinese history.
His Legalist ideas and political ideas have played an important role in history, providing us with useful references for understanding political power, legal systems and national governance.
Zhang Yi's Legalist thought, which emphasized centralization, legal system, and practical ability, differed from the etiquette morality of Confucianism at the time, but because of this, his ideas were criticized and controversial at some times.
However, Zhang Yi's thought reflects the diverse thinking of politicians in the Warring States period when facing national issues, and also reflects his deep thinking on national governance.
In Zhang Yi's thought, he emphasized the "rule of law" as the cornerstone of national governance.
He believed that monarchs should rely on laws to govern their country, not just traditional etiquette and moral codes.
His view was groundbreaking in the political environment of the time, where governance was traditionally based on the will of the monarch and the norms of etiquette.
Zhang Yi's idea of rule of law provided important enlightenment for the construction of China's later legal system, and had a profound impact on the construction of an orderly society and state.
In addition, Zhang Yi's ideology of "deviating government" also reflects his concern for the authority of the monarchy.
His belief that courtiers should respect the monarch as brothers reflected his identification with centralized power, which believed that the monarch should have full authority to govern the country.
However, this view also raised some problems in later history, as excessive centralization could lead to overly arbitrary monarchs, limiting local development and autonomy.
Zhang Yi's concept of "equality between nobles and pariates" broke through the hierarchical concept of society at that time to a certain extent.
He advocated that everyone is equal, regardless of nobility, and only strength and ability are the criteria for assessing a person's value.
This view echoes his Legalist thought in some respects, emphasizing the importance of practical achievement and ability, rather than relying solely on social status or origin.
Another important contribution was his reform of the military system.
He put forward the "marching method" and the "hundred-mile military system," emphasized the training and organization of actual combat skills, and improved the combat effectiveness of the army.
These reforms in the military system helped the country to cope in times of war and maintain military superiority.
Although Zhang Yi's ideas were limited in some respects by the political structure and social concepts of the time, his ideas still had a profound impact on the political development and establishment of the legal system in Chinese history.
His Legalist thought provided an important foundation for China's later legal system, emphasizing the equality and justice of law, and became a reference for the formulation of laws by subsequent dynasties.
His emphasis on centralization and practical ability also has a certain enlightening effect on the evolution of China's political system.
In general, Zhang Yi's ideas and contributions as a statesman and legalist representative of China during the Warring States period have an important place in the political and legal development of Chinese history.
Although his Legalist ideology and political ideas were subject to some restrictions and controversies at the time, they had a profound impact on the formation of the political system and legal system of Chinese history.
His ideas still have certain practical significance today, providing useful references for us to understand political power, legal system and national governance.
Su Qin and Zhang Yi are two famous politicians and thinkers of the Warring States period of China, and there are some connections and interactions between them.
00001. Although the exact details of their interactions are not entirely clear, some can be learned from the historical record about their relationship and cooperation.
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Vertical and horizontal cooperation: Su Qin and Zhang Yi are both vertical and horizontal families, and their ideas are similar in some ways.
Together, they proposed strategic plans such as the "Su-Zhang Alliance" and the "Meeting of the Five Kingdoms", aiming to fight the powerful Qin state through the union of countries.
Their cooperation shows that, despite their different schools of thought, they can cooperate in the face of national survival and seek ways to confront powerful enemies with common goals.
Differences in political philosophy: Although both Su Qin and Zhang Yi advocated cooperation, there were some differences in their political ideas and ideas.
Su Qin's longitudinal ideology focused on uniting states to resist the powerful Qin state, while Zhang Yi emphasized the construction of the legal system and strong centralization within the state.
While their ideas intersect in some respects, there may be some differences on specific policies and priorities.
Changes in Warring States Politics: During the Warring States period, China was divided into small countries, and the political landscape was unstable.
Although Su Qin and Zhang Yi's ideas of combining vertical and horizontal circles achieved certain results for a period of time, they did not ultimately prevent the rise and unification of the Qin state.
In these turbulent times, their political strategies face complex challenges and limitations.
Cooperation between different countries: Su Qin and Zhang Yi's idea of cooperation is not only reflected in the cooperation between the two of them, but also involves the cooperation of other princely states.
They tried to form a large alliance system by uniting multiple small countries to jointly resist the threat of the Qin state.
00003. This also reflects their convergence not only of cooperation between individuals, but also of political and diplomatic coordination between countries.
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On the whole, the relationship between Su Qin and Zhang Yi is mainly reflected in their cooperation in combining vertical and horizontal ideas.
Although there were some differences in their thinking, in the face of the pressure of the powerful Qin state, they were able to jointly propose a strategy of joint alliance, trying to defend their respective national interests through the cooperation of many countries.
Their ideas and cooperation had a certain impact on the political development and diplomatic relations of later Chinese history, and also provided useful enlightenment for today's politicians and diplomats.
As politicians and thinkers during the Warring States period of China, Su Qin and Zhang Yi played an important role in the political scene at that time and left a far-reaching influence.
The relationship and cooperation between them is mainly reflected in the ideas and strategies of convergence, which to a certain extent reflects their deep insight and response to the international situation at that time.
The cooperation between Su Qin and Zhang Yi was not only a kind of political cooperation on the surface, but also based on their understanding and response to the complex political pattern of the Warring States period.
During the Warring States period, the states were divided, and the Qin state gradually rose, threatening the existence of other small countries.
Faced with the strength of the Qin State, Su Qin and Zhang Yi both realized that it was difficult for a small country alone to resist its pressure, so they proposed the idea of combining verticals and horizontaries, trying to balance the power of the Qin State through the union of various countries.
In the strategy of joining forces, they cooperated to propose a series of plans, such as the "Suzhang Alliance" and the "Meeting of the Five Kingdoms", which aimed to bring multiple small countries into an alliance system to jointly resist the threat of the Qin state.
Through clever rhetoric and diplomacy, they succeeded in persuading the rulers of various countries to join their alliance plan, forming a relatively stable pattern of cooperation.
However, despite some success with their cooperation, it did not ultimately prevent the rise and unification of the Qin state.
This also reflects the complexity and unpredictability of politics during the Warring States period.
Conflicts of interest between different countries, the ambitions of their leaders, and external interference all affected the stability of the alliance.
The cooperation between Su Qin and Zhang Yi also shows their different political ideas and styles.
Su Qin mainly emphasized joint cooperation, and through diplomatic rhetoric and oratory, he successfully transmitted the idea of cooperation to various countries and brought them into alliances.
Zhang Yi, on the other hand, emphasized the construction of the legal system and centralized power within the state.
Despite their differences in thinking, they were able to work together to achieve the goals of the alliance in the face of common challenges.
The cooperation between these two politicians is also a manifestation of the plurality of political thought in the Warring States period.
During the Warring States period, various schools of political thought competed to develop, each putting forward different concepts of national governance.
In this context, Su Qin and Zhang Yi's ideas of combining vertical and horizontal circles have become an effective means to deal with challenges, and also represent the representatives of the thought of zonghengjia.
Overall, the cooperation between Su Qin and Zhang Yi reflects their wisdom and courage on the international political stage.
Although their ideas of convergence and vertical and horizontal did not completely prevent the rise of the Qin state, they left a strong mark on Chinese history.
Their ideas and cooperation provided valuable experience and inspiration for future generations of politicians, diplomats and military experts.
In today's world, the complexity of international relations still exists, cooperation and competition between countries are intertwined, and the spirit of cooperation between Su Qin and Zhang Yi still has certain practical significance, which is worthy of our consideration and reference in handling international affairs.