Lettuce is also known as raw shoots, lettuce, belongs to the herbaceous plants, Asteraceae, there are two or one year, belongs to green leafy vegetables, short growth cycle, rich in chlorophyll content, the main edible position for stems and leaves, can enhance human appetite, fresh taste, widely praised by consumers, belongs to the type of vegetables with high efficiency and economy. At present, most of the areas of lettuce cultivation mainly uses seedlings and transplanting methods, in the operation process is very easy to cause lettuce root injury, resulting in reduced yield, increased production costs, affecting the economic benefits of planters, now the lettuce high yield cultivation technology is briefly introduced as follows, in order to improve the economic benefits of growers.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" > First, the main problems in the current cultivation of lettuce</h1>
1. Underripe and individual hair
The main reason for the production of unripe lettuce is that the lettuce is not timely in the spring colonization time, long-term by strong sunlight and high temperature, the flower buds in the growth process of lettuce rapid differentiation, the production of underripe extraction, colonization of seedlings and seedlings are too large, it is easy to cause the situation of underripe extraction. The main reason for the individual hair is that there is serious mechanical damage in the cultivation process, centralized topdressing, human feces and urine or single application of urea is too large, to solve such problems need to be supplemented 2 times phosphorus and potassium fertilizer after sealing, the amount of each fertilization mu should not exceed 70g, while adding 50kg of water mixed, spray needs to choose around 6 o'clock in the evening or cloudy days. The early topdressing needs to be operated strictly according to the standard, and the ternary compound fertilizer needs to be used for cave application in the early stage of leaf sealing.
Lettuce is unripe and smoked
2. Crack
In the growth process of lettuce, the fleshy stem gradually expands, and then cracks, the cracking position is yellow, the depth can reach the middle part of the stem, which is very perishable, which seriously affects the edible value. The main reason for the crack is uneven drought and flooding during fertilization and watering, unbalanced water and fertilizer supply, once the flesh of the stem gradually matures, the surface of the outer skin forms lignification, such as unreasonable watering, the flesh of the stem will be abnormally expanded in a short period of time, resulting in the production of cracks, and individual varieties are also very prone to crack problems in the planting process.
Lettuce crack phenomenon
3. Channeling seedlings
During the growth process of lettuce, the stem is slender, and the leaves will have the problem of small area and thinning under the influence of stretching, which seriously affects the edible value. The main reasons for the generation of channeling seedlings are the lack of fertilizer supply, the inability to meet the growth demand of lettuce, the insufficient water supply, the drought of the growing soil is obvious, the temperature is too high to cause the lettuce to breathe and consume a lot of nutrients, the nutrient allocation rate of the edible stems and leaves is too low, and the amount of watering is too large.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="11" >2, lettuce high-yield cultivation technology</h1>
1. Actively control diseases and insect pests and harvest them in a timely manner
The main insect pests in the cultivation process of lettuce include red spiders, lettuce winter night moths, whitefly, aphids, etc., and different pests need to use different control methods. Red spiders can be controlled by extermination or double nails, lettuce winter night moths using enemy killing, enemy insect control, and whitefly and aphids using aphid net control.
The main diseases of lettuce include black spot disease, sclerotia, downy mildew and so on. Nigra is mainly controlled by 1500 times (50%) of the 1500 times liquid (50%) of the hydrability powder of GramMydan or 400 times (40%) of the wettable powder of Bacillus Qing, or spray control can also be carried out by using bacillus Qing wettable powder 600 times liquid (75%). Lettuce can be harvested from 1 month to 50 days after the completion of colonization, and the best time for growers to harvest is when the leaf tips of the highest leaves of lettuce are at the same level as the top of the main stem, and the stem varieties are crisp and tender at this stage, and the flesh is fully expanded. The growth point at the apex needs to be removed during harvest to avoid the problem of aging cavities. The interval between harvests needs to be properly controlled to avoid too long, the yield per mu is controlled at 3000kg, and once there is a crack in the stem of the lettuce, it needs to be marketed in advance for sale.
2. Reasonable sowing
When selecting lettuce varieties, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the problem of cracks, under normal circumstances, the incidence of green leaf lettuce cracks is low, the yield of purple leaf lettuce is high, prone to cracks, and the water content is large. Spring lettuce needs to choose varieties with strong adaptability, late extraction time and hardiness, and can choose hardy two white skin, hardy white leaf, special hardy two green skin and so on. The sowing time should be completed as early as possible so that the leaf clusters and roots can absorb sufficient dry matter at low temperatures and complete the growth quickly. Seedlings are usually bred at the end of December, divided at the end of February, colonized in late March, and harvested in early June. During the selection of the seedling bed, it should be ensured that the drainage performance of the plot is high, dry and the terrain is high. The soil for nutrient planting can be applied with 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer and decomposed organic fertilizer. Lay the vegetative soil in the sowing bed, use 100 kg per square meter, and cover the film after leveling. Seeds need to be properly handled before sowing, soaked in clean water after drying, washed and drained and sown. The sowing process is mainly carried out by means of sowing, using 50 g of seeds per 15 square meters of seedbed. After sowing, it is necessary to strengthen temperature control to ensure that the soil is moist and control the amount of watering.
3. Field management
Lettuce root position is shallow, the ability to absorb nutrients is insufficient, for this reason should increase the use of high-quality fertilizer, the bottom fertilizer can choose potassium sulfate or diammonium phosphate, etc., seedlings after watering the seedbed, seedlings can be colonized more than 5 leaves, the density shall not exceed 4000 plants per acre. Lettuce requires a small amount of water in the early stage of growth, and the leaf growth advantage is obvious, so it is necessary to strengthen tillage and control the amount of watering. The stem grows for a certain stage, and after gradually enlarging, it is necessary to increase the amount of watering and fertilization. Field management focuses on strengthening weeding and loosening the soil, controlling the amount of watering at a moderate level to ensure that the soil is moist.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="18" >3</h1>
Lettuce cultivation involves many links, in order to improve yield, it is necessary for planters to strengthen field management, rationally select lettuce varieties, strengthen the control of fertilization and watering, ensure that the overall temperature of the soil meets the growth needs of lettuce, and at the same time strengthen the prevention and control of various diseases and insect pests, prevent cracks and channeling, etc., through comprehensive management and high-quality cultivation technology, improve yield, reduce planting costs, ensure food safety, continuously improve economic benefits, and promote the overall improvement of lettuce cultivation level.
Source: Web Platform