There are fewer and fewer good ways to make pests less and less

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There are many methods of pest control, such as agricultural control, physical control, biological control, chemical control and so on. From the perspective of the general trend of control strategy research, long-term and effective control of pests should adopt comprehensive control measures with agricultural control and physical control as the main body, with biological control and chemical control, so as to prevent and reduce the occurrence of pests, reduce production costs, avoid human and animal poisoning, reduce environmental pollution, and protect ecological balance.

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1. Clean the countryside

Dead plants or hollow or grasses full of spongy substances are the objects of winter feeding and wintering places for insects, removing pastoral weeds, deciduous leaves, insect fruits, scraping the coarse skin of old warp, pruning dead branches, burning or burying deeply, which can reduce the occurrence of insect pests. Cleaning, crushing, and piling of pastoral leaves, corn stalks, grain stubble, etc. can kill more than 90% of the pests that survive in them, such as corn borers, leaf curl moths and bridge-building insects. In winter, combined with pruning, scraping, brushing, flushing, rubbing and other methods, the effect of insect prevention is better.

2. Plough in winter

The wintering pass is the threshold of pest control, and if this pass is done well, the incidence of pests will be greatly reduced in the following year. Winter ploughing should be carried out urgently after the harvest of the former stubble crop. Winter tillage can not only improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, create environmental conditions suitable for crop growth, improve the resistance of crops to diseases and insects, but also change the ecological conditions of the soil and worsen the place where pests overwinter. Winter tillage can turn the pests in the soil to the surface of the soil, so that it is fully exposed to the uncomfortable climate, increasing the mortality rate of pests; turning some pathogens and pests into the deep soil so that they cannot be unearthed and die; and also damage some pests through agricultural machinery, and destroy the nests and pupa chambers of soil overwintering pests, such as night moths, tea caterpillars, tea inchworm larvae or pupae living in shallow soil, through winter tillage, its mortality rate can be increased.

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3. Insect-resistant varieties

Insect-resistant varieties play an important role in the agricultural production process, such as the resistance of wheat varieties has a great impact on the growth of wheat tube aphid population. Crops produce defensive properties such as pest resistance and insect resistance, and their mechanisms are multifaceted, in addition to morphological structure, phenology and other factors, mainly determined by their own physiological and biochemical characteristics. Insect-resistant varieties can be obtained through radiation breeding and distant hybridization by traditional hybridization techniques, and can be obtained through field plant selection techniques. In addition, through rational dense planting, scientific management of fertilizer and other crop yield health care measures, can also enhance crop defense capabilities.

4. Adjust the sowing period

Pest pests are closely related to the growth period of crops. Pest feeding shows obvious stages, that is, at a certain stage of crop growth, special preferences are often carried out in large numbers of spawning and pests, while some reproductive stages are rarely harmful or even no food. For annual crops, especially those with short growing seasons, the damage can be mitigated by adjusting the sowing period. For example, late sowing of maize or sorghum can reduce the spawning volume and larval infestation of corn borer; early sowing of sorghum can alleviate the harm of sorghum gall mosquitoes; and early planting of late rice can reduce the harm of rice gall mosquitoes.

5. Farming system

There are three types of farming systems: single cropping, multi cropping and rotation. Single cropping often promotes the occurrence and development of certain diseases and insect pests; multicropping can cause the diversity of crops and pests, and play a role in multiplying and controlling pests with benefits. Intercropping between fruit trees and tea plants can change the microclimate of tea gardens, improve tea yield and quality, and is conducive to the reproduction of many natural enemies; intercropping sorghum on both sides of the cotton furrow, sorghum aphids can control cotton aphids such as cocoon bees, spiders, ladybirds, aphids and flower aphids to control cotton aphids, take cotton bollworm eggs and young larvae; cotton and rapeseed, attract and breed aphids such as aphids and flyes can control cotton aphids; cruciferous vegetable fields can be used as amaranths or mints, which can drive away vegetable powder butterflies; peanut fields intercropping. It can poison the scarab beetle that harms peanuts and dies. Suitable host plants are conducive to the continuity of life history, and after the amount of insects accumulates to a certain number, it will cause serious harm. If one of these generations of hosts is deficient and nutritionally unsuitable, the amount of occurrence is suppressed. Therefore, pest control can be achieved through crop rotation. For example, Yunnan 1 year and 4 seasons of cotton planting, gold steel diamonds in all kinds of cotton fields rampant occurrence, the use of cotton and other crops rotation, gold steel diamonds for the damage significantly reduced, the implementation of reasonable rotation and other measures and other comprehensive control technology, the prevention effect of more than 95%.

6. Reasonable dense planting

In addition to providing insect food, plants are also part of the physical environment of insects. For example, after the radish is densely planted, the number of jumping nails is significantly reduced; after the spraying of shrinkage amine in cotton plants, the egg drop volume of the 3rd and 4th generations of cotton bollworms drops by more than 30%, and the density of insect population drops by more than 40%; after spraying ethylene after cotton growth, it can increase the flower rate before frost, cut off the food of larvae, and make some larvae unable to complete generational development. Light shearing and deep shearing measures can cut off pests distributed in the range of 0-15 cm under the canopy and reduce their overwintering base; picking tea in batches and in time can reduce the pests of tea aphids, tea mites, leafhoppers and wax cicadas; suitable for dense planting, which can reduce the infestation of coffee leopard beetle moths.

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7. Crop enticing

Many pests of crops, their adult insects have yellowing and flavoring, the use of these characteristics of pests to take the corresponding methods to lure moths, both can be gathered and annihilated, it will be eliminated before the spawning hazard. It can eliminate pests, protect natural enemies, and reduce pollution and avoid human and animal poisoning. The 1st generation of cotton bollworm has the characteristics of tending to the corn top flower to lay eggs, after the egg hatching, the 2nd generation of larvae are still concentrated on the male ears of corn before the 3rd instar, and can gently bend the male ears of corn, so that the larvae fall into the utensils and concentrate on burying outside the field; adult insects such as small land tigers and twill nocturnal moths have strong flavor tendencies, are very sensitive to acid and sweetness, and can be formulated with this feature to induce sweet and sour slurries to trap; armyworms like to lay eggs on yellow dry grass, using this property to lure insect moths to grass handles to lay eggs, collect and burn grass; before wintering, cover the grass at the root neck The collection and burning of weeds in early March of the following year can greatly reduce the overwintering base.

8. Fertilizer and water management

Proper treatment of fertilizer water is not only conducive to the growth of crops, but also to worsen the habitat of pests, thereby reducing the pest damage. Grass ash controls aphids and seed flies on fruit trees, crops and flowers. The administration of 2% calcium superphosphate has a repellent effect on egg laying in bollworms and can also harden the egg shell. Urea and ammonium carbon are highly volatile and have a good fumigation effect on red spiders, leaf mites, aphids, thrips and other pests. The application of silicon calcium fertilizers to rice and wheat can reduce the infestation of armyworms, and the application of silicon calcium fertilizers to corn and soybeans can avoid the damage of corn borers and pod borers. Controlling the use of seedling and bud fertilizers in the case of full base and seed fertilizers can reduce the amount of eggs dropped by the second generation of cotton bollworms. The increase in organic fertilizer and jiamei gold points and dividends can reduce the damage of mites and mites. Irrigation can make great changes in the living environment of pests in the soil, resulting in the death of pests that do not adapt to the environment. For example, winter and spring irrigation, combined with sweeping shocks, can eliminate a large number of wheat spiders and wheat aphids that overwinter at the rhizosphere; when the soil moisture content after winter irrigation is about 30%, the cotton bollworm pupae can all die in 3-4 days. Winter or spring irrigation can eliminate some of the leeks. Before spring pupae feathering, early spring ploughing and irrigation can drown the larvae of the three-way borer. During the occurrence period of rice planthopper, combined with the requirements of rice cultivation technology, drainage and shelving are carried out to reduce the humidity in the field, which can reduce the incidence to a certain extent.

9. Harvest early

Early harvesting is an important measure to reduce the number of pest populations. If two stubble alfalfa heads are cut early, alfalfa beetle larvae die in large numbers due to lack of shade and feeding; early harvesting of soybeans can make the remaining soybean heartworms and pod borers in the pods be eaten by chickens due to exposure to sun; picking lower tobacco leaves in advance can reduce the area of contemporary leaf infestation and the number of mature larvae pupae of tobacco leaf moths.

bibliography:

"Research on Agricultural Control and Physical Control Methods of Agricultural Pests", Anhui Agricultural Sciences

"Characteristics and Methods of Agricultural Biological Control", China Paper Network

"Strategies and Measures for Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests", Plant Protection Station, Xiushan County, Chongqing