——Take Xiangjia Village, Longhui County, Hunan Province as an example
The integration of agriculture is a complex system combined with stakeholders such as the government, enterprises and farmers, and the integrated development of industries in rural areas is not only an aspect of economic development, but also related to the harmony and stability of the entire society. Therefore, to promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, it is necessary to build a multi-dynamic mechanism led by the government, the main body of farmers and the main force of society, and inject "living water" into rural revitalization. Taking the industrial revitalization of Xiangjiacun in Longhui County, Hunan Province as an example, this paper analyzes the main results of diversified investment in Xiangjiacun rural industry in Longhui County, Hunan Province and the formation of the dynamic mechanism of diversified investment in industrial development, and explores the realistic ways to continue to promote industrial revitalization in Xiangjiacun in the future, in order to promote the development of the local agricultural industry in the direction of digitalization, branding, specialization and diversification in accordance with the principle of equal emphasis on quality improvement and efficiency improvement under the leadership of the government and enterprises, and give full play to its key role in helping agriculture to rejuvenate agriculture.
First, create a new situation: the main effect of diversified investment in industrial development
If the industry is prosperous, the industry is prosperous, the industry is strong, and "industry prosperity" is the key project of rural revitalization. In the process of effectively linking poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, Xiangjia Village takes the integration of agriculture and tourism as the main focus to promote the revitalization of rural industries, and builds a diversified input mechanism led by the government, the main body of farmers and the main force of society, forming a win-win situation of common development of farmers, government and society.
(1) The channels of peasants' income have increased and their spiritual outlook has been enhanced
In the process of rural revitalization and development, whether it is rural livability and work, or high-quality and efficient agriculture, in fact, it closely revolves around the prosperity of the main body of farmers, and the development of Xiangjia Village has undoubtedly greatly improved people's livelihood and well-being. First, peasants' incomes have increased. After years of rural revitalization practice, Xiangjia Village has built a comprehensive industrial development zone integrating tourism industry, planting and breeding industry and modern agriculture, and promoted the cross-integration of various industries by integrating the production ecological functions of agriculture, tourism and planting and breeding industry, and created a "agriculture + tourism + industry" development model with high quality. Driven by this model, farmers can obtain considerable profits from the production and processing of agricultural products to the sale, and then to the provision of catering farmhouses. Some villagers who are not convenient for going out for employment have solved the employment problem in their villages, and have realized that villagers can find employment in the nearest place. According to statistics, Xiangjia Village has developed 23 professional farming and breeding households, developed a total of 12 sightseeing spots and amusement facilities, and the integrated development of agriculture and tourism has provided villagers with a number of channels to increase income, and the per capita annual income of villagers has increased from less than 2,000 yuan in 2013 to 18,000 yuan in 2021, and the income brought by the village collective economy has also increased to 630,000 yuan. Second, the spiritual outlook of peasants has been enhanced. The development of Xiangjia Village not only made the peasants' "money bags" bulge, but also invisibly promoted the spiritual prosperity of the peasants. The development of tourism and professional farming and breeding industry requires farmers to receive more professional job skills training and agricultural knowledge learning, laying a solid foundation for the leap from "traditional farmers" to "new vocational and technical farmers". The development of cultural tourist attractions such as academies, village history museums, and cultural corridors vividly displays the excellent family style and tutoring stories of ancient and modern celebrities, and makes local villagers realize the value of history and culture in a lively and popular form, and promotes the positive energy of good and good in what they see, hear and feel. Xiangjia Village has created a thriving spiritual home for the villagers by creating a series of cultural tourist attractions.
(2) Continuous improvement of people's livelihood and well-being, and steady social and economic development
As the leading force in rural revitalization, the government takes improving people's livelihood and promoting social and economic development as its main action pursuit. The development of Xiangjia Village implements the development requirements of local governments to take the people as the center and promote socio-economic growth. First, it has expanded people's livelihood and well-being. At present, Xiangjia Village has completed a new round of rural road construction and transformation, 6.8km of Huancun Road has been transformed into a 6m wide oil sands avenue, in addition to the completion of 10.6km of Tongguan Highway, 3km of Huanshan Sightseeing Trail, laying about 8km of sewage pipes, and building 8km of high-standard water canals. The "three links" of water, electricity and roads, the "three haves" of culture, education, entertainment, culture and sports, and people's livelihood and well-being have reached a new level. Second, social and economic development has been achieved. Xiangjia Village not only attracts many local tourists with its own development advantages, becoming the most popular tourist attraction in Longhui County, but also attracts tourists from all over the country by holding various large-scale activities, such as the national "Weiyuan Cup" speech competition, Hunan (summer) rural cultural tourism festival, high-end forum on civilization practice and rural revitalization in the new era, 23 overseas Chinese media "Chasing Dreams of China • Happy Hunan" research activities, etc., which has driven the development of commerce, service industry, transportation industry and other industries, and increased government revenue. It has stimulated the local socio-economic development.
(3) Rational flow of factors to create a win-win situation between urban and rural areas
With the increase of income level, the people's growing need for a better life has gradually optimized and upgraded the consumption structure of residents. Xiangjia Village combines the local natural scenery and geographical environment, combines industrial revitalization with ecological revitalization, vigorously develops the three major industries of rural tourism, traditional agriculture and modern agriculture, and creates a comprehensive tourism village integrating amusement, sightseeing and picking, which meets the diversified tourism needs of the vast number of urban people. The organic integration of agriculture and rural tourism not only expands the consumption of urban residents in rural areas, but also drives the input of technology, capital, information and other resources to rural areas, effectively improves the flow of urban and rural factors, residents' income and rural infrastructure construction, effectively promotes the process of "three industries" integration and urban-rural economic integration, and creates a win-win situation between urban and rural areas. It is conducive to breaking down the dual barriers between urban and rural areas, realizing the integration of urban and rural areas in terms of planning layout and factor allocation, promoting the high-quality development of urban and rural integration, and tightening the common bond of integrated urban and rural development.
Second, activate new impetus: the formation of a diversified input mechanism for industrial development
Entering a new stage of development, in order to transform the momentum of rural industrial development to promote the high-quality development of the industry, it is necessary to cultivate a new industrial development dynamic mechanism. After years of rural revitalization practice, Xiangjia Village has built a diversified input mechanism led by the government, with farmers as the main body and social forces as the main force, and through the synergy of the three, it has fully activated the elements of policy, main body and social forces, and activated new impetus for promoting the rural revitalization of Xiangjia Village.
(1) Government-led policy-led promotion mechanism
The government is the main body of rural revitalization and governance, and it is also the external driving force for rural industrial development. From the perspective of the government, the external thrust of rural revitalization is reflected in improving rural institutional policy guarantees and optimizing public services. Therefore, in the practice of rural revitalization, the government needs to do a good job in optimizing the top-level design and promoting policy innovation according to the actual situation of each locality. Based on the county conditions, Longhui County actively explores a new model of rural revitalization work, strives to create a blueprint for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization, and lays a solid institutional foundation for the rural revitalization work of Xiangjia Village.
Improve institutional mechanisms and strengthen top-level design. Based on the county conditions, Longhui County insists on taking industrial revitalization as an important starting point for increasing farmers' income, and improves various institutional mechanisms, providing an exogenous driving force for promoting industrial revitalization. The first is to implement the industrial chain leader system of "one chain leader, one work class, one industrial plan, one annual plan, and one set of policy measures"; The second is to rely on the advantages of local resources to implement the development strategy of characteristic industries, take "one county, one specialty, one township and one industry, and one village and one product" as the basic orientation of development, and invest 333 million yuan to develop characteristic industries, and vigorously promote the characteristics and branding of agricultural products; the third is to innovate and develop the "one-two-three-four" method of rural collective economy, and increase farmers' income by strengthening the village-level collective economy. Longhui County has continuously improved the top-level design through the introduction of a number of policies, laying a solid institutional foundation for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization.
Increase financial support and strengthen the financial guarantee for industrial revitalization. Government finance plays an important role in the process of rural industry revitalization, in order to stabilize the effectiveness of poverty alleviation, Longhui County has continuously increased financial support, providing strong financial support for the development of industry and the expansion of people's livelihood. It has been mainly implemented in four aspects: first, 520 million yuan will be allocated as a special fund to support industrial poverty alleviation projects; second, starting from 2015, more than 50 million yuan of industrial development funds will be arranged from the county-level finance every year; Third, it has won a total of 160 million yuan in industrial support funds such as key economic county projects and the "three million" project in Hunan Province, which are used to support some leading enterprises to make brands, make large-scale and grow industrial chains; The fourth is to distribute 360 million yuan of poverty alleviation microcredit funds, with county financial subsidized interest to encourage and support the poor people to develop production. Longhui County has implemented various fiscal policies at multiple levels and angles, continuously improved the governance efficiency and basic guarantee role of fiscal policies, and provided strong financial support for promoting agricultural and rural modernization.
Build a team of professional talents and activate the "engine" of rural demonstration. Human capital is the main source of power for rural economic and social development, and talent is the key to rural revitalization. Longhui County has taken a series of measures to build a strong work force for rural revitalization. The first is to introduce the "Weiyuan Talent Action Plan" and four supporting measures to establish the Longhui County Talent Development Service Center. The "Zhihui Xiaoxiang (Longhui) - Colleges and Universities" campus-local cooperation work plan was formulated, 22 specific task lists in 9 sectors were clarified, and a special fund of 10 million yuan per year was set up for talent development, which provided a strong system and financial guarantee for Longhui County to introduce professional talents and promote the revitalization of rural talents. The second is to set up special work classes for "five major revitalization" and "seven major special actions", clarify the work responsibilities of nine levels from the secretary of the county party committee to the person responsible for helping and supporting, and match the revitalization force of rural work teams and cadre teams. The third is to dispatch village-level rural revitalization task forces to achieve full coverage of village-level rural revitalization teams, first secretaries, and pairing assistance in villages with poverty alleviation populations. The fourth is to jointly build a characteristic training practice base with Hunan University, the Party School of the County Party Committee, Guihe Academy, and Huaxing Company, establish a county-level rural revitalization school, and strive to cultivate professionals in rural revitalization. Longhui County vigorously implemented the action plan for rural revitalization talents, made efforts in the introduction, training and management of talents, and provided talent guarantee and intellectual support for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization.
(2) An endogenous dynamic mechanism with the villagers' community of interests as the main body
To build a dynamic mechanism for rural industrial revitalization, farmers are not only the main body of practice, but also the source of endogenous power. Marx pointed out: "Everything that people strive for is related to their interests." By building a joint mechanism of villagers' interests based on the village collective economy, Xiangjia Village has enabled the majority of villagers to have a greater sense of gain and participation in the process of rural revitalization, and fully activated the endogenous driving force of rural industrial development. While building villages, it promoted the common prosperity of farmers.
Xiangjia Village, with many mountains and little land, poor land and low grain production, was once a typical village of extreme poverty and a "shell village" of collective economic income. In September 2021, the General Office of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee and the General Office of the Provincial Government issued the "Opinions on Further Accelerating the Development and Expansion of the Rural Collective Economy", and the Longhui County Party Committee and the county government responded positively, integrated resource elements, and explored a high-quality development path for the development and expansion of the village-level collective economy with the establishment of a village-level construction labor service Co., Ltd. as a breakthrough. Under the guidance of the government and the help of Huaxing Company, Xiangjia Village established a village-level construction labor service co., LTD. in December 2021 to comprehensively revitalize asset resources, vigorously develop rural tourism, increase grain production, use dry land to develop sweet potato production, and process dried sweet potatoes for sales. Through the land circulation mode, more than ten tourist attractions such as rainbow slides, farmhouses, children's playgrounds, go-karts, 5D chariots have been built, and rental income of 550,000 yuan can be obtained, and 3 new projects of Moon Lake, Alishan and Phoenix Terrace are expected to obtain rental income of 250,000 yuan, and through the mode of land investment, the Xiangjiacun Agricultural Science and Technology Industry Demonstration Park has been built, achieving economic income of 1.178 million yuan.
Through the development of the collective economy, Xiangjia Village has fully revitalized and utilized its limited land resources, achieved a substantial increase in collective economic income, and increased the income of villagers. After enjoying the dividends of village collective economic development, the interest association between villagers was gradually established, and the enthusiasm to participate in village governance and construction gradually increased, and finally the strength of village democracy was maximized.
(3) Resource allocation mechanisms with social forces as the main force
In 2021, the "Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Comprehensively Promoting Rural Revitalization and Accelerating the Modernization of Agriculture and Rural Areas" was released, pointing out that it is necessary to support the establishment of rural revitalization funds in a market-oriented manner, leverage the participation of financial capital and social forces, and focus on supporting the development of rural industries. The participation of social forces is an important driving force to help rural revitalization, and the journey to rural revitalization in Xiangjia Village is also inseparable from the support and help of social forces.
In 2013, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the call of "precise poverty alleviation" in 18-dong village, thus starting the battle against poverty. On October 17, 2015, the "10,000 Enterprises Helping 10,000 Villages" action was officially launched, and Huaxing Company actively responded to the call, taking Xiangjia Village as the counterpart help object, and helping Xiangjia Village poverty alleviation and rural revitalization in various ways. First, financial assistance. Huaxing Company has successively invested 150 million yuan, covering a number of rural revitalization projects such as design and tourism development, support for professional farming and breeding households, etc., providing strong financial support for the construction and development of Xiangjia Village. Second, manpower assistance. In order to improve the sustainable development of Xiangjia Village scenic spots, Huaxing Company sent professional teams and personnel to assist in the operation and management of various tourism projects in Xiangjia Village, and helped further expand the collective economy, providing talent support for the development of Xiangjia Village. Third, employment assistance. By giving priority to the employment of eligible villagers in Huaxing companies or scenic spots, it not only solves the employment problem of some villagers, but also enables villagers to achieve "doorstep" employment. In the past eight years, with the strong help of Huaxing Company, Xiangjia Village has summed up a set of "Huaxing Model" of "village sages as village officials, enterprises as backing, village enterprises working together to ensure poverty alleviation", and explored a development path of "party building guidance, village enterprises working together, and common prosperity".
Third, lock in new goals: clarify the realistic way of industrial revitalization
With the comprehensive completion of the task of poverty alleviation, consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation is an important task in rural work at present. To further do a good job in rural revitalization, Xiangjia Village must improve the quality of industrial development, improve the sustainability of poverty alleviation results, further strengthen the construction of talent teams, provide innovative impetus for sustainable development, and combine its own advantages to find its own foothold in the process of regional integration.
(1) Improve the quality of development and achieve sustainable industrial development
The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee proposed that economic and social development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period should be based on promoting high-quality development. Promoting the high-quality development of rural industries is a realistic need to promote the strategy of rural revitalization and realize agricultural and rural development in the new era. In the new historical stage, to achieve high-quality industrial development, it is necessary to focus on building characteristic brands, achieving differentiated development and using the digital economy to transform agricultural production and operation methods, and stimulate the vitality of industrial development.
1. Dig deep into the characteristic heritage and create "landmark" products
Regional brand is an important starting point for enhancing market value, and is the driving force and navigation target for the sustainable development of the industry. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "It is necessary to scientifically grasp the differences in rural areas, adapt measures to village conditions, and accurately implement policies to create a modern version of the "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map" with different characteristics. Each region has its own different regional characteristics, which make each village have a unique attraction, and fully tap these regional resources to effectively avoid problems such as uniformity and shoddy construction in rural development and construction. Therefore, in the process of industrial development, it is necessary to fully tap and integrate local characteristic regional resources based on regional resource advantages and industrial comparative advantages, implement differentiated development strategies, create "landmark" products, and shape characteristic agricultural brands.
2. Make use of the digital economy to develop modern industries
The core of agricultural modernization lies in the transformation of production methods, and the key lies in relying on scientific and technological progress and institutional innovation to improve agricultural material production conditions and improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and level. The survey found that although the agricultural industry in Xiangjiacun has been relatively well developed, there are still problems such as a short industrial chain and difficult product sales, and innovative industrial development models have become an important opportunity to promote the change of industrial structure in Xiangjiacuns. The construction of digital villages is an important measure to achieve rural revitalization, and the integrated development of digital economy and rural industry can give play to the diversified functions of the two to promote rural development, and continuously improve the input and output efficiency and development benefits of the industry. As an important driving force for rural industry revitalization, the influence mechanism of digital economy is multiple, mainly manifested in the upgrading effect of industrial structure and the integration effect of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, etc., it is necessary to give full play to its important role in improving production capacity and optimizing production and operation systems, and empower rural industry revitalization with digital economy. For example, on the issue of sales of agricultural products, we can make full use of the "Internet +" production and marketing model, while relying on the role of agricultural products wholesale market and local tourism to drive the sales of agricultural products, promote modern science and technology such as rural e-commerce and live streaming e-commerce to drive the sales of grain, vegetables and other agricultural products in villages and promote the brand publicity of agricultural products, and promote the brand development of agriculture. And through the establishment of a multi-prolific integration mechanism such as technology penetration and product crossover, it will break down geographical barriers, realize the diffusion of production factors, and let urban and rural areas share the dividends of digital development.
(2) "External introduction and internal training" to gather the strength of talent
Which of the five major rural revitalization is inseparable from people, and the long-term development of rural economy cannot be separated from the subjective factor of people. The "Opinions on Accelerating the Revitalization of Rural Talents" issued by the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council emphasized: "Adhere to the development of rural human capital in the first place, vigorously cultivate local talents, guide urban talents to go to the countryside, promote professional talents to serve the countryside, and attract all kinds of talents to make contributions in rural revitalization." The development of rural areas is inseparable from the full excavation and utilization of human resources, and it is necessary to adhere to the "external introduction" and "internal training" to gather talent forces for the sustainable development of rural industries.
1. Consolidate the foundation of rural areas and attract migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start businesses
Under the long-term dual division of urban and rural areas, perfect urban functions make the migrant population in urban areas have higher requirements for rural industrial development, rural governance, rural style civilization, and infrastructure construction. The development potential, infrastructure level and relevant policies of rural industries determine whether migrant farmers are willing to return to their hometowns to start businesses or are willing to work in rural areas for a long time. The key to attracting foreigners to return to their hometowns to start businesses is to pay attention to the demand for talents, give full play to the conditions and powers of the subjective role of agricultural workers, and the local government should also provide more policies and financial support for village development, formulate more flexible financial and credit policies, so that the returning groups can have a more free and convenient entrepreneurial space and more perfect policy support.
2. Incubate local talents and cultivate new professional farmers
With the development of science and technology, industrial upgrading is accelerating, and the development of new formats and new production has increasingly increased the requirements for agricultural practitioners in terms of literacy and skills. On the issue of talent revitalization, on the one hand, we must keep an eye on the outside world and attract high-quality talents to return to our hometowns, and on the other hand, we must also be good at digging and cultivating local farmers from the land under our feet. It is necessary to strengthen modern education for local farmers, improve their quality and skills, and tap their own potential. Training courses should pay attention to pertinence, provide farmers with technical training that is compatible with their needs, solve specific problems encountered by farmers in practice, strengthen vocational training for farmers, and cultivate a large number of new professional farmers who are literate, understand technology, and know how to operate.
(iii) Find your own foothold in the process of regional integration
The key to the new stage of development requires a higher stage of urban-rural integration, and the key is to break the dual structure of urban and rural areas in which resource elements flow in one direction to the city, so that urban and rural resources can flow in both directions, and bring the radiation of the city into the countryside. This requires rural areas to find a foothold in the process of development and form a new development pattern.
1. Facing market demand, promote the upgrading of agricultural industry
In view of the current upgrading consumption demand of residents, the agricultural industry should develop a unique industrial economy based on rural resource endowments according to changes in market supply and demand and the comparative advantages of urban and rural areas, "take the road of quality rejuvenation of agriculture, and highlight the greening, quality, characteristics and branding of agriculture". Promote the transformation of ordinary rural industries into high-quality industries, establish standardized and characteristic industrial bases, and carry out quality certification to meet the increasingly green, high-end and personalized consumption needs of urban residents, and then absorb urban resources such as capital, market, technology and other urban resources to flow to rural areas, and gradually consolidate the foundation for the high-quality development of rural industries.
2. Cultivate diversified industries and attract industrial and commercial capital to the countryside
With the continuous increase of urban production and operation costs, the redistribution of industries between urban and rural areas is an inevitable requirement for the development of productive forces. To promote the prosperity of the industry, it is necessary to develop a number of characteristic and high-quality industries on the basis of existing resources, and cultivate some attractive industrial projects, such as the deep processing of agricultural products such as miscellaneous grains and rural health care industries. At the same time, we should pay attention to the rationality of the economy, take safeguarding the interests of farmers as the premise, and select industrial and commercial capital that can radiate and drive the development of traditional rural industries, broaden the scope of farmers' benefits, and assist farmers to learn and master industrial management knowledge to go to the countryside, so as to create a foundation for the long-term sustainable operation of rural residents in the later period. Gradually form a development pattern of complementary advantages and reasonable flow of resources and factors between urban and rural areas, so as to achieve high-quality and efficient agriculture, livable and workable countryside, and rich farmers.
(The author, Ling Liqun, is a master's student at the School of Marxism of Hunan Normal University; Chen Wensheng is the dean, professor and doctoral supervisor of China Rural Revitalization Research Institute of Hunan Normal University; Rural Discovery From: Food Technology and Economy, Issue 3, 2023)
Chief expert Chen Xiwen visited our institute for guidance and gave an academic report
Chen Wensheng, Rural Research Institute of Hunan Normal University, invites postdoctoral fellow (Political Science of Public Management Institute)
Hunan Province China Rural Revitalization Research Base (Hunan Normal University) was rated as an excellent base
Professor Chen Wensheng was approved by the National Social Science Foundation of China
China Rural Discovery, Issue 1, 2023
China Rural Discovery, Issue 2, 2023