Tiger Hill, suzhou people praise it as "the first scenic spot in Wuzhong". With an altitude of about 36 meters and a total area of about 18.9 hectares, it is one of the closest scenic spots to the ancient city of Suzhou. Legend has it that the tomb of King Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period is in the mountains, and the tomb is full of mysteries and is very legendary. Tiger Hill is lush with trees, mountains and stones, monuments are everywhere, and the scenery is pleasant at four o'clock. The ancient temple sits in the middle of the mountain, which makes people even more nostalgic for the ancients.
Tiger Hill has a deep cultural history, and many Suzhou palms are related to this place. Reading Tiger Hill is equivalent to reading half of Suzhou's history. Tourists to Suzhou must visit the Tiger Hill. Song Su Dongpo once said that it was a pity not to visit Tiger Hill in Suzhou. Li Liufang, a Ming scholar, had a "nine yi" evaluation of the scenery of Tiger Hill.
Tiger Hill Scenic Area is divided into front mountain and back mountain. The front mountain is famous for its cultural attractions, and the back mountain is dominated by natural landscapes.
The attractions are described as follows:
1. Tiger Hill Yunyan Temple Dashan Gate
In front of the Dashan Gate, it crosses the thousand-year-old street Shantang Street, and the Tiger Hill is the end of Qili Shantang. Across the river, you can see the four characters of "Hai Yong Liu Hui" on the wall of Yunyan Temple, which shows the original name of Tiger Hill. According to legend, Tiger Hill was an island in the sea in ancient times, with the tides of the sea, if it sinks and floats, so it is named. During the Spring and Autumn Period, King Wu was buried on this mountain. Legend has it that three days later, the White Tiger squatted on his tomb and changed his name to Tiger Hill.
Entering the mountain gate, I looked up and saw the door of the "Hufu Zen Temple", which was personally inscribed by the Qing Kangxi Emperor Xuanye Yubi. Tiger Hill has a long history of being a Buddhist shrine. According to the "Records of Different Places", during the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Situ Wang Xun, the grandson of the Chancellor, and his brother Sikong Wang Min built a villa in Tiger Hill, and the later house was turned into a temple, which became the Tiger Hill Mountain Temple, which was later renamed Wuqiu Bao'en Temple, the Song called Yunyan Zen Temple, and the Qing Kangxi Emperor Jinkou changed it to Hufu Zen Temple. The Kangxi Emperor made six visits to Tiger Hill, writing this plaque during his last tour of Tiger Hill in the forty-sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1707).
On the west wall of the mountain gate is inlaid with a stone stele "Monument to the Pollution of the River Channel by The Forever Forbidden Tiger Hill". During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, in order to protect the water of the Shantang River from the pollution of the dyeing factories around Tiger Hill, the local government issued a permanent ban and ordered this monument.
2. The Hall of Broken Beams
Originally the Ershan Gate of Yunyan Temple, it was built in the Tang Dynasty and rebuilt in the fourth year of the Yuan To Yuan Dynasty (1338). It is a wooden structure building with three openings, because the main beam of the building is made of two half-long logs, replacing the main beam of the original three open spaces, and the distance view is like a broken beam, so it is called "Broken Beam Hall". The house is constructed as a frame structure, and it is said that "the temple of the beam will not fall for a thousand years".
The achievements of ancient architecture in Suzhou are extremely high, and the Hall of Broken Beams or The Hall without Beams also exists elsewhere in Suzhou.
On the south side of the Ershan Gate hangs a plaque of "Great Wu Sheng lang". Take the Chinese language of Gu Yewang's "Preface to Tiger Hill Mountain" of the Southern Dynasty. It means that Tiger Hill is a place of victory in Wuzhong. On the north side hangs a plaque "Containing True Tibetan Ancients", which was inscribed by the modern scholar Liang Shuming. The Eastern Jin Dynasty "Preface to Tiger Hill" means to praise tiger hill for having a landscape shape that is more interesting than true interest, and it is also humanistic and elegant.
3. Springs of Compassion
It was passed down to the Liang Dynasty high monk Master Huan, hence the name. The water quality of the spring is excellent, and the folk legend that this spring "well bottom spring diving into the sea" has the effect of curing eye diseases, also known as "sea spring". After the folk have this legend, The spring is a blind Shami, fell here one day, thinking that there must be water underground where there is moss, so ten fingers planed the ground, and finally became this spring, and used the spring water to cure his eye disease.
4. Test sword stone
The boulder in front of me opened like a knife cutting an axe. According to legend, King Wu ordered Lu Gan to cast swords for Mo Xie and his wife. The couple collected the "iron essence of the five mountains, the elite of the six", smelted outside the craftsman's gate for three months, and finally obtained a pair of male and female swords. King Wu took the female sword, tested its edge, and split the boulder in half. According to another legend, Qin Shi Huang went to Suzhou to look for the tomb of King Wu, saw a white tiger crouching on a boulder, and swung his sword to slash and kill. The white tiger fled, leaving only sword marks on the stone.
In fact, the boulder is a typical volcanic tuff, and the stone crevices are caused by weathering.
The three characters of "Test Sword Stone" were originally written by Lü Shengqing in the Northern Song Dynasty, and are now supplemented by the monk Yixi. The side of the test sword stone is engraved with a poem by Gu Ying of the Yuan Dynasty: The sword tests a trace of autumn, and the cliff pours water and breaks the flow. How a hundred years later, do not behead Zhao high.
5. Guzhen Niangting Pavilion
The stone pavilion in front of you was erected for a beautiful woman. Zhenniang, formerly known as Hu Ruizhen, fled south due to the Tang Dynasty Anshi Rebellion, and was tricked into living in the brothel of "Leyun Lou" outside the Zhangmen Gate. True lady talent and art, selling art does not sell herself, the name of Jiali and Hangzhou Su Xiaoxiao are in line with each other. Scholar Wang Yinxiang bribed the mother of the bustard with a heavy amount of money, and wanted to stay with the real mother. The true lady committed suicide to keep herself to death. Wang Yinxiang was greatly shocked, buried the real lady in Tiger Hill, and vowed not to marry for life.
Since the Tang Dynasty, many celebrities have written inscriptions on this matter. Qing Chen Huang's "Records of the Rebuilding of the Tomb of Zhenniang" records that the tomb of Zhenniang at that time was almost the same as that of "Zhaojun's Qingzuka and Taizhen's Horse Ridge".
In front of the stone pavilion, there are also stone carvings such as "incense soul" that remain.
6. Stone of a Thousand People
One of the most important spots in front of Tiger Hill. The Thousand People Stone is flat as a stone, 2 acres wide, and the stone is dark red. Cliff carvings are all over the place.
According to legend, after the tomb of King Wu was completed, his son,Cha was afraid that the craftsmen would leak the organs inside the tomb, so in the name of drinking alcohol, he gathered more than a thousand craftsmen who participated in the casting of the cemetery to gather on the stone to watch the crane dance, and eventually killed everyone. The blood of the craftsmen seeped into the stone, and the blood did not fade for a long time. In the future, every rainy day, you can see the dark red color of the Thousand People Stone. In fact, the dark red color of the Thousand Man Stone is because the Thousand Man Stone is originally a seabed volcanic tuff, the stone is acidic and contains iron ore.
Past lives are named after another theory. According to legend, the Eastern Jin Dynasty monk Zhu Daosheng once gathered stones on a thousand stones as an apprentice, gave a lecture on the Nirvana Sutra, said that all sentient beings have Buddha-nature, and asked the group of stones: As I said, is there a Buddha's heart? The stones understood their meaning and all nodded, the white birds stopped to listen, and the Thousand Leaves White Lotus even opened up in the cold winter. Therefore, there is a saying that "the life is public, and the stubborn stone nods". Over time, more and more people came to listen to shenggong's sermons, and at its peak, thousands of people sat on the boulder, and later generations called this stone "stone of a thousand people" or "a thousand people sitting".
There is a dark red stone in the white lotus pond with the word "nod" engraved on it, which is derived from the legend of "ShengGong Saying, Stubborn Stone Nodding". There is also a cliff carving of the "Shenggong Pulpit" left by the pool, which is said to be the handwriting of Li Yangbing, the "Pen Tiger" of the Tang Dynasty.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Wu general Sun Wu was ordered by the Wu king To lu to practice an army composed of palace women on a thousand stones, and to test the art of war. The captains were two of King Wu's favorites, who did not listen to Sun Wu's orders, and several times laughed and played in the military field, and finally sun Wu beheaded in front of the army. Since then, there have been allusions to the "Three Orders and Five Shens" and the "Sun Wuzi Pavilion" on the east side of the Thousand People Stone.
At the end of qin, Xiang Yu once ordered eight thousand Jiangdong disciples to rise up. In the Ming Dynasty, the Thousand People Stone became the stage of the annual Mid-Autumn Festival "Tiger Hill Quhui". The Ming Dynasty essayist Yuan Hongdao's "Record of tiger hill" records the grand event of the quhui: "Every day, the city is closed to the household, and the arms come." Dressed in women, all dressed in beautiful clothes. From the Stone of a Thousand People to the Mountain Gate, the chestnut is like a scale." Tiger Hill Qu will only sing Kunqu opera, and once sung, it is nearly 300 years.
In 1909, the Chinese bourgeois revolutionary cultural group Nanshe was founded in Suzhou Tiger Hill, which began the struggle against the corrupt rule of the Qing government.
7. Erxian Pavilion
Located on the north side of the Thousand People Stone, it is named after the legend that Chen Zhuo (tuan) and Lü Dongbin once played chess here. The stone pavilion was originally a Song Dynasty building, rebuilt during the Qing Jiaqing period, all using granite stone. The stone pavilion is exquisitely carved, and there are artistic masterpieces such as the relief of the two dragon play beads.
A couplet on the outside of the stone pavilion: in the past, Yueyang once appeared, and today Hufu has left a trace. It is written about the legend of Lü Dongbing traveling all over the world and staying at Tiger Hill. The couplet on the inside of the stone pavilion "In the dream, it is said that the dream is not a dream, and the yuan is the yuan (yinxuan). Shanglian said that the Song Dynasty Daoist Chen Zhuo was sleepy, slept for many years, and woke up to see the woodcutter around him as a dream person. Chen Xuan's sleepiness and dreams are disappointments with reality, but Taoists have their own views on the "Tao". The lower link means that as long as everything follows the law of the development of things, they can find the true nature of things.
The stone stele in the Erxian Pavilion is engraved with the idols of Chen Zhuo and Lü Dongbin " Erxian " .
8. "Tiger Hill Sword Pond" cliff carving
Suzhou folk have a saying of "fake tiger hill, real sword pond", that is, the four words originating from the west side of the Erxian Pavilion. It is said that the four characters were originally written by Yan Zhenqing in the Tang Dynasty, and have been weathered over time, and the word "Tiger Hill" is blurred due to peeling off. In the fourth year of the Ming Dynasty (1576), the suzhou stone carving master Zhang Zhongyu hook mo supplemented the carving. Compared with the original version of "Sword Pool", "Tiger Hill" is suspected of being fake.
It is also said that Tiger Hill was originally an island in the sea, but because King Wu was buried in it, the mountain was suspected to be artificially built.
9. Walk into the "Don't Have a Hole" round cave door
Walk into the round cave door and see the sword pond spring water. "The pond is dark and cold", "the air mountain sword is deep", and the atmosphere is completely different from the outside.
10. Where did the name of the sword pool come from? There are roughly three theories.
According to the "Book of Yue Zhi", the tomb of Lu Lu was at the foot of Tiger Hill Mountain, with a pond of sixty steps and a water depth of one and a half feet. In the tomb of Shi Zai, "the copper rafters are triple, the mercury is poured into the pool, and the golden jade is the goose". Because of his love for swords before his death, he was buried with 3,000 swords with the name of "fish intestine", so it was called "sword pool".
It is also said that the "Records of Yuanhe County" records that Qin Shi Huang and Sun Quan both searched for the tomb of Lu Lu, and the sword pond may have been made by them looking for a sword to dig the ground.
The Song Dynasty Wang Yu Wei (cheng) "Sword Pond Inscription and Preface" believes that the sword pool is the pool of quenching swords by the ancients, out of nature.
In the Ming Dynasty, the water of the sword pond once dried up. In 1505, Wang Jun, his student Tang Yin and others came to Tiger Hill, stepped into the dry sword pond, and left a cave suspected of being a tomb gate: Hongzhi Yi Ugly Waiter Wang Jun came to swim, and the handwriting of the sons Tang Yin's attendants.
In 1955, when the scenic spot was cleaning up the sword pond, the "human" glyph cave at the northern end of the pool was found. It is two or three meters high and can accommodate one person in and out. Three stone slabs were placed horizontally at the bottom of the cave (after later examination, there was another stone slab in the silt, a total of four stone slabs) about three and a half feet wide and about two feet high. This cave is obviously built by hand, and it is very likely that it is a tomb door. In October 1978, the water in the pool was drained again, and someone reached out and touched the stone slab, which was 16 to 18 centimeters thick. But neither dredging was able to move the stones. After the Tiger Hill Ancient Pagoda, which sloped to protect the top of the mountain, did not eventually dig this hole. What exactly is inside the cave is still unknown.
Whether the tomb is really in Tiger Hill has become a mystery for eternity because the sword pond has not been excavated.
The red seal body "sword pool" is derived from the pen of Zhou Boqi in the Yuan Dynasty. Folk legend is written by the Eastern Jin Dynasty calligrapher Wang Xizhi.
The cliffs around the sword pond are covered with rock carvings from various periods, which are not only fine calligraphy, but also witness the vicissitudes and mysteries of the sword pond.
"Wind Gully Cloud Spring" is said to have been written by the great calligrapher Mi Fu (fu) of the Song Dynasty. This person loves stones, and the four characters summarize the spatial environment of the sword pond valley and the cloud lock clear spring very vividly.
11. Yunyan Temple Pagoda
Commonly known as Tiger Hill Pagoda, the tower has eight sides and seven floors, and is the only brick structure ancient tower in Jiangnan. The cultural relics excavated in the pagoda confirm that the ancient pagoda was built in the sixth year of Zhou Xiande (959) after five generations and completed in the second year of Jianlong in the Northern Song Dynasty (961). The ancient tower is 47.7 meters high, and the center of the top of the tower deviates from the center vertical line by 2.34 meters. Because of its unique posture, the ancient tower is known as the "Leaning Tower of Pisa in China".
According to the survey, the ancient tower tilted because the tower base was soft, coupled with the heavy rain in Suzhou, causing the ancient tower to tilt towards the back mountain.
Literature records that the Ming Dynasty Tiger Hill Pagoda has been significantly tilted. In the eleventh year of Chongzhen at the end of the Ming Dynasty (1638), when repairing the seventh floor of the ancient pagoda, corrective measures were adopted. Therefore, the Tiger Hill Tower, which slopes towards the back mountain as a whole, the spire is biased towards the front mountain.
Tiger Hill Pagoda is the symbol of Gusu City. In ancient times, there was a saying that "before entering Suzhou City, see the Tiger Hill Pagoda first". In order to better protect the symbol of the ancient city, the Suzhou People's Government repaired it in 1956 and 1981.
In 1956, the iron hoop grouting method was adopted, like a hoop barrel, each layer of the tower was tied with iron hoops, and the foundation was poured with cement, effectively eliminating the cracks in the tower.
Since 1981, it has taken five years to strengthen the base of the tower. 44 holes were manually punched under the base of the tower, and reinforced cement was poured to make a cement shell to play a role in underground waterproofing. Some of the bricks were replaced, which effectively stopped the tower from continuing to tilt.
Third, knowledge expansion
1. King Wu
3,000 years ago, Shaanxi Qishan Taibo and Zhongyong Benwu. Taibo's 21st grandson, Gongzi Guang, was known as King Wu after the coup d'état of the "Emperor of The Assassination of the Assassins", and was known in history as Lu Lu. Wen used Wu Zixu, Wu Tui Sun Wu. In 514 BC, Wu Zixu built the city of Lulu, or Suzhou, under his orders. In 496 BC, Lu Lu personally conquered the kingdom of Yue and died in Shi Li. His son, FuChai, buried him in Hai chung.
2. Li Liufang and "Jiuyi"
Li Liufang, a native of the Ming Dynasty, was a famous literary scholar. Jiuyi refers to: suitable for the moon, suitable for snow, suitable for rain, suitable for smoke, suitable for spring dawn, suitable for summer, suitable for autumn cool, suitable for falling wood, suitable for sunset. and Tiger Hill is suitable for visiting in all four seasons.
3. Tiger Hill Mountain Temple
It was first divided into two temples, east and west, and the temple was spectacular, including Luohan Hall, Galan Hall, Tianhou Temple, Flower Temple and other buildings, which was a large Buddhist jungle in the southeast at that time, and was one of the "Five Mountains and Ten Brakes".
4. Wuqiu Bao'en Temple
In the Tang Dynasty, li hu was avoided by Gaozu Li Yuan's grandfather Li Hu and changed the name of Tiger Hill to WuQiu.
5. Forever forbidden Tiger Hill to open a dyeing workshop to pollute the river
It was established during the Qianlong Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, and was the first government decree in Chinese history to prevent water pollution. More than a hundred years earlier than the United Kingdom and the United States.
6. The Hall of Immeasurables
It is now in a residential area of The Ancient City of Panmen. It was originally built in the 46th year of the Ming Wanli Calendar (1618), and was originally the Scripture Cabinet in the Ming Kaiyuan Temple. Because all of them are made of grinding brick inlays, there is no traditional wooden beam, so it is also called a beamless hall.
7. Kuai and Yao Chengzu
Pu Peng, born in the early Ming Dynasty, is a native of Xiangshan, Taihu Lake, Suzhou. He is an outstanding representative of Suzhou Xiangshan craftsmen. He went to Beijing with his father to build the imperial palace. Later, he presided over the construction of many important buildings such as the Beijing Imperial Palace, the Three Halls in front of the Imperial Palace, the Changling Tomb, the Dingling Tomb, and the Beijing Xiyuan. Among them, Chengtianmen is now Tiananmen. The Forbidden City and the Ming Tombs have been inscribed on the World Heritage List as cultural heritage.
Yao Chengzu, a modern Xiangshan architect, compiled the book "Construction Law Yuan" and designed and built famous buildings such as Mudu Yanjia Garden.
8. Liang Shuming
A famous scholar, philosopher, educator, and master of traditional Chinese studies in modern times, he is revered as "the last Confucian in China" and a friend of Mao Zedong.
9. Gu Ye Wang
Born in Wuzhong Guangfu, a historian of the Southern Dynasty Liang and Chen Jian, he is the author of the Jade Chapter, which is the same as the "Explanation of Words and Characters". "Great Wu Sheng Lang" comes from its "Preface to Tiger Hill Mountain": "Yang Juli's famous mountain, believe in the great Wu's victorious soil".
10. Master Huan
Born in the Liang Tianjian period, he came to Tiger Hill from Baohua Mountain and served as the abbot of Tiger Hill Mountain Temple. Humble, the original meaning of stupidity, but also the righteousness of humility and honesty, praise.
11. Craftsman's door
Now the ancient city of Suzhou Dongxiangmen. During the Spring and Autumn Period, because the craftsmen of the Wu Kingdom cast bronzes gathered here, it was called. Present-day Xiangmen East is Suzhou Industrial Park.
12. Gu Ying
Late Yuan dynasty writer, Kunshan people. The family business is rich, light wealth and hospitality, and the family wealth is scattered in ten thousand years, and he became a monk.
13. Shōgun's Aozuka, Taijin's Horse Ridge
The tomb of Zhaojun, also known as Qingzuka, is located on the banks of the Great Black River in present-day Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. Tai zhen ,also known as Yang Guifei ,was forced to die at Ma Songpo (ma song po) during the Anshi Rebellion (present-day west of Xingping, Shaanxi)
14. Zhu Daosheng
He was a disciple of Kumarosh, one of the four great translators of Chinese Buddhism, also known as Shenggong. Advocate the theory of enlightenment and enlightenment, and be the pioneer of Zen thought. Therefore, it was regarded as a heresy by the old school, which led to the story of the later Tiger Hill Thousand People gathering stones on the stone as disciples and preaching.
15. Li Yangbing
Tang Dynasty calligrapher, working on the small seal, is the crown of the Tang Dynasty. Because of the strength and thinness of calligraphy, it is known as "tiger pen". This person is the poet Li Bai's uncle.
16. Sun Wu
According to the "Genealogy of the Fusun Clan of Jiashan North", the original surname is Tian, the name is Kai, the character Zijiang, and it is Tian Wanshisun. After entering Wu, King Wu gave the surname Sun, and Sun Bin was his great-grandson.
Sun Wu completed the "Art of War of Sun Tzu" in the Qionglong Mountain in Suzhou, became the ancestor of the art of war in later generations, and was promoted as a "soldier saint". His tomb is in present-day Xiangcheng District, Suzhou.
17. Tiger Hill Quhui
The history books are recorded as "Tiger Hill Listening to Songs" or "Tiger Hill Song Society", which are held every year in the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is a landmark event in the prosperous period of Kunqu District. The Ming Dynasty essayist Yuan Hongdao described it in detail in the Book of Tiger Hill.
18. Nanshe
The bourgeois revolutionary cultural group that has exerted an important influence in China's modern history was founded in Suzhou in 1909, and its initiators were Liu Yazi, Gao Xu, and Chen Quyi, and the Nanshe was influenced by the League led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, taking the meaning of the southern tone and not forgetting the original, advocating the bourgeois democratic revolution, advocating national integrity, opposing the decadent rule of the Qing Dynasty, and making very important public opinion preparations for the Xinhai Revolution.
Located on Shantang Street, nanshe Memorial Hall is now open to the public.
19. Chen Zhuo
The Taoists of the early Song Dynasty, Daoist thinkers, founded the "Innate Easy Learning" with the theme of "Taiji Diagram" and so on, and opened up a new trend of thought in the study of Yixue in the Song Dynasty. Folklore says he can "sleep for thirty years at once".
20. Lü Dongbin
Legend has it that it is one of the Eight Immortals. The traditional medicine community in Suzhou worships him as the grandfather. According to legend, every year on the fourteenth day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar is his birthday, Suzhou people flock to the streets in search of fairy tales. The folk activity of "Rolling Immortals" is known as the Suzhou people's own carnival.
21, "Yuan" reads "Xuan"
Yuan replaced Xuan, thus avoiding the name of Xuan Ye, the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty.
22. Stone carvings on the cliffs of the Sword Pond
The author of the poem is Gao Qi, a native of Suzhou in the Ming Dynasty, and is known as the "Four Masters of Wuzhong" in the early Ming Dynasty.
23. Zhou Boqi
The word Bowen, a native of Poyang. Yuan Dynasty calligraphy everyone, Gong poetry, good at calligraphy, its seal, li, true, grass are all top quality. He is the author of "Six Books of Zhengyi", "Speaking of the Origin of Words" and several volumes of poetry manuscripts. The stone carving of "Long Stay Heaven and Earth" in the Lingering Garden is suspected to be his handwriting.
24. Cultural relics excavated from Tiger Hill Pagoda
In 1957, during the overhaul of tiger hill pagoda, a number of cultural relics such as prayer boxes, bronze Buddhas, and embroidery were unearthed in the ancient pagoda. Among them, the Yue kiln secret color porcelain lotus bowl excavated on May 15, 1957 was identified as a national treasure level cultural relic, and is now the treasure of the Suzhou Museum.
25. Leaning Tower of Pisa in China
Tiger Hill Pagoda is a national key cultural relics protection unit. The tower is 47.7 meters high and 6 meters shorter than the Leaning Tower of Pisa; the spire is offset by 2.34 meters, which is half of the Leaning Tower of Pisa; the tower was completed in 961, 210 years before the Leaning Tower of Pisa (the Leaning Tower of Pisa, Italy, was built in 1173 and tilted due to uneven foundations and soft coatings).