"Biography of the Painter" ~ 255th
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > Although Yang Wenqiu was a heroic martyr of the Qing Dynasty and had a different tune with the Donglin Party, "Peach Blossom Fan" still scandalized him! </h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3">
</h1>
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Yang Wenbiao (1596-1646), also known as Shanzi and Longyou, was originally from Guiyang, Guizhou, and lived in Jinling (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu).
Yang Wenqiao's father, Yang Shikong, entered the priesthood in the 29th year of the Wanli Calendar (1601 AD). Xuan Shu Chang (陳常), was created as shanyang Zhi County, and was also the official of the Prefecture of Bofu, the chief officer of the two ministries of promotion and industry, the instructor of Suncheon, and the review of the Jiahanlin characters. In the forty-fifth year (1617 AD), he supplemented Changping Prefecture Xuezheng, Shengguozi Supervisor Xuezheng, and the head of the Water Division of the Ministry of Shenggong. In the forty-sixth year (1618 AD), he was released from Zhejiang Pass. In the second year of emperor Mingxi's apocalypse (1622 AD), when Shuixi'an Bangyan rebelled and besieged the city of Guiyang, Yang Shikong was in Guiyang and participated in the defense of Guiyang with Pan Runmin and others. After the siege was lifted, he moved to Jinling. In the fourth year (1624 AD), he was appointed as an envoy to Yunnan and a scholar. In the seventh year (1627 AD), he was transferred to the deputy envoy of Huan Dao, and the right senator of the Jinbu Political Department. In the first year of Emperor Mingsizong's reign (1627), he transferred to Zhejiang to participate in the government, and Jiuzhi died in Zhejiang and was buried in Guiyang. Yang Shikong Gong poetry, especially proficient in calligraphy.
When Yang Wenqiao was 28 years old (1623), he came to Nanjing with his father and built a garden and a house outside the Shuixi Gate. Yang Wenxiao was less than angry, caring about state affairs, and was raised in the forty-sixth year of the Wanli Calendar (1618). In the fifth year of the Apocalypse (1625), he was in the capital jin dynasty, and he was a former gathering of Sun Chengzong, a former gathering of the military affairs of Theoge University and Ji and Lian, who had recently been deposed in the Capital Jin Dynasty, and Sun Chengzong, who was very appreciative of him, gave him the head cup he had made to kill the enemy in the border court as a gift. Since then, it has inspired Yang Wenxiao to pay close attention to the military situation in Bianxi and has the ambition to learn military affairs. Yang Wenxiao's "Dragon Dragon Of Taihu Lake", a poem:
The evening color will be sunset, and the wonder will come out of the forest.
The great dragon and the little dragon, the teeth vibrate the mouth.
Scales and beards are stretched, and there are all kinds of people.
Wash mud paint at low tide, HanYu Mori todomu.
Taosha searches for gold books, and people are tied at the elbow.
I want to be poor, and I am worried about being guarded by ghosts.
Solemnly robed and waiter, he did not dare to bow down.
Do you know that the cloud root is the victory of the cave heaven nine?
In the seventh year of Chongzhen (1634), Yang Wen participated in the election of officials as a person, and was sent as a priest in Huating County, Songjiang Province, and entered the career. In the twelfth year of Chongzhen (1639), he was promoted to ZhiXian County of Qingtian County with excellent performance. He also transferred To Yongjia County, Wenzhou Province, and Jiangning County, Yingtian Province. During his ten years as a local official, he loved the people, went deep into the mountains, explored the poor and the suffering, and within the scope of his ability, promoted the advantages and eliminated the disadvantages, so that the people could live in peace. In view of the fact that the coastal areas of Zhejiang were deeply harmed by the Wokou, he trained the militia to provide financial support, personally guided military training, explored the strategy of war and defense, and also supervised the army at sea, swept away the sea in one fell swoop, and made coastal defense security blocked.
After the change of Jiashen, Yang Wenxiao participated in the establishment of zhu Yousong the Prince of Fu with his brother-in-law Ma Shiying, and made an immortal contribution to the establishment of the Hongguang imperial court. He was promoted to the rank of Inspector of the Right JinDu Imperial History and Zhenchang Susong. Yang Wenxiao assumed an important position, and was rapidly promoted, and had an absolute relationship with Ma Shiying and fellow country friendship, friendship, and in-law, of course, he was always concerned with the side of war and defense, embracing the ambition of galloping, and having meritorious service in supervising the army on the sea in Zhejiang. Because Yang Wenxiao was once a member of the Fu Society, many Donglin Party members and members of the Fu Society had high hopes for him. Yang Wenxiao's "Reply to Chen Si Li Wozi", Shi Yun:
Junjie Mountain Vagina, Fish Book through Wuzhou.
Distant people are surprised by the number, and the high discussion is xu in the same boat.
The remote orchid is the country, and the deserted city is made of bamboo.
Self-pity went with him, and Huaihai also stayed.
Yang Wenxiao took advantage of his deep relationship with Ma Shiying and also did a lot of work, especially with Ruan Dacheng, opposing him to build a prison and trap people, which seriously affected Ma Shiying, and Ma Shiying also warned Ruan Dacheng's "Weaving Good Class". And the struggle against Ma Shiying did not stop, and the miasma of smoke and miasma was so great that there was such a poem "Xi Jiang Yue" circulating in Nanjing at that time:
Bows and arrows are not as good as private recommendations, how can talents be compared to money? The two departments of officials and soldiers hung signboards, and civilian and military officials betrayed.
The four towns did not raise their troops, and the eastern slaves rose up. The false rumors of the cabinet department crossed the Jianghuai, and the Tianzi burned the knife and got drunk.
The Hongguang imperial court was panicked in the face of the Qing army's southern invasion and the left army's eastern offense, Ma Shiying rushed to dispatch Liu Liangzuo from the north of the river, and Huang Degong crossed the river to resist the left army. Zheng Hongkui indiscriminately set off artillery shells across the river, and the Qing army pretended to be defeated, and set lights in the river with a large raft. Yang Wenxiao directly reported victory to his brother-in-law Ma Shiying, and Nanming was full of joy. It was night, and the Qing soldiers came across the river by night. Zheng Hongkui and Zheng Shuishui sailed into the sea, and Yang Wenqiu had to lead a small number of Qian soldiers to retreat to Suzhou. When he was at the gate of the boat, he learned that Huang Jia Nai, the young secretary of the Ming Dynasty Temple, had been appointed as a pacification envoy of the Great Qing Dynasty after taking the lead in surrendering in Nanjing, and had arrived in Suzhou, flaunting the market, and coming to persuade him to surrender. On May 29, 1645, in the first year of Hongguang (1645), Yang Wenqi decided to break into the city on light horses to carry out Huang Jia Nai and five other people, announce the crime, and beheaded and showed to the public. Yang Wenxiao's "Su Mu Du" a poem, poem Yun:
The autumn light was cold, and Wei Zhou sent the ancient village.
The bridge is based on the fire, and the evening market distinguishes the dialect.
The water has been cleared through the lake, and the sand looks at the exposed tree roots.
Guan Wa talked about the past, singing and dancing in the dream.
Yang Wenxiao then retreated to Chuzhou (李水, Insu) and raised a large number of rebels. The Longwu government was established in Fuzhou, and Yang Wenqiu was promoted to the post of Left Attendant of the Army. Yang Wenxiao trained his troops in the Longquan Mountains, and recruited Sun Lin and Zhou Qi from Tongcheng to join the army. They are like-minded and working together to try to save the day. The Qing army went south to besiege Quzhou, and Yang Wenqiu was ordered to come to the aid, but he did not arrive. Yang Wenxiao and Sun Lin hurriedly moved their troops to Xianxia Pass, while Zheng Zhilong had secretly collaborated with the enemy and withdrew the guards, and the Qing soldiers took advantage of the void road to enter first. Yang Wenqiu was unable to fight, suffered heavy losses, and retreated to Pucheng, where he was pursued by the Qing soldiers and was executed. Yang Wenxiao was unyielding. On August 25, 1646, in the second year of Longwu (1646), Yang Wenxiao, his son Dingqing and thirty-six family servants simultaneously and generously took up their righteousness. Qian Qianyi's "Album of Yang Longyou for Youyi Title" composed a poem:
Yang Sheng is a powerful wonder, and wanli is a horse.
The ears are facing the clouds of the gui, and the four hooves are brushed with gold and the wilderness.
The Empty Pit Division collapsed on Jinyun Mountain, and the Meteor Flying Rabbit could not be returned.
That is, to see the sweat and blood return to heaven, and to defile the earth.
The ink on earth has been scattered, and ten paintings have been circulated and six sighs have been circulated.
Phi Tu Jian was covered up several times, and the smoke was still messy.
Yang Sheng was a painter with a huge ran, and the hidden sac yarn hat was like a lie immortal.
The eldest child is clever to add tree stones, and the maid is full of smoke.
The remembrance of the dragon snake rises from the flat land and fights to give the meat of the black kite.
There is no dan and loess, but a toothpick and a jade shaft.
Zhao Lang hid the new, and MoZi looked at the painting like a photo.
In every leftover powder residue, I want to see the liver and the blue man.
Zhao Lang Zhao Lang quickly collected, and the long pressed the stone and stroked it with his hand.
Mo Ling box is close to the sword, and the night will be wind and rain.
And it was such a heroic person who was also criticized by Ru Lin, believing that Yang Wenqi should not be in cahoots with Ma Shiying. First, Yang Wenqi and Ma Shiying are in-laws, and Ma Shiying is a brother-in-law, how to decide? Second, NanMing Weiye, everyone knows, is it that Donglin and Fushe are blindly arrogant, for the sake of wisdom? Third, Ma Shiying is dead, Yang Wenxiao is dead, and the person who scolded Yang Wenxiao is obviously not dead, why not die? That's it. What right does a man who is a man who is a hard worker have to scold and accuse heroes? 4. Huang Zongxi was killed by Wei Zhongxian because his father Huang Zunsu was a member of the Donglin Party. Therefore, when revising the History of the Ming Dynasty, an extremely unjust principle was adhered to: With regard to party struggle, the Donglin Party members and the Fushe will always be the teachers of justice. Huang Zongxi's basic argument is just a sentence, Donglin people are "gentlemen", and those who are different from Donglin are "villains". Yang Wenxiao's "Rain Over Jiangxin Temple" Cloud:
Rain wet the banks of the barren river, wandering around the letter of the country.
Wu Yuanchao was still angry, and Wen Xiang was still sad.
Leave a lone pillar in the sea, and return to the heavens to fix two instruments.
Please look at the tree by the temple, which is bizarre.
Yang Wenxiao's poems are mostly lyrical about the love of patriotism and the flesh and blood of teachers and friends when they are worried, and their fascination with mountains and hills, full of enthusiasm and generosity, just as his friend Chen Zilong said: "Longyou's poems have steep thoughts, a somber color, a magnificent but peaceful one, and a solemn elegance in the middle of the wilderness." His writing is also excellent, especially travelogues. In chongzhen's three-year collection of poems and paintings, "Landscape and Water Shifting", more than 8,000 words of the "Taidang Diary" were collected, which can be called superior works, and Mr. Bai Jian said that he was "a famous mountain wonder, a legend of the palm, a customs and people's customs in one furnace, strange feelings are superimposed, wonderful and colorful, and poetic and picturesque meaning is overflowing between the lines, intriguing and fascinating."
Yang Wenqiao in the aesthetics of painting, vigorously advocate the creation of the law, adhere to innovation and have me, Yang Wenqiao appreciates the beauty of mountains and rivers, the wonder of creation, the model of mountains and water, the expression of natural beauty as his duty, from the early years, he has developed the habit of sketching scenery, often repeated observation, speculation, and then pen. In the relationship between shigu and innovation, Yang Wenxiao attaches great importance to shigu, he has extensively studied and copied many painters of the five generations, the two Song dynasties, the Yuan and the early Ming dynasty, but he teaches gu, shihuahua, absorbs the brushwork and ink method of his predecessors, just in order to show the scenery of the mountains and rivers in front of him, he teaches gu, aiming to create, focusing on me, opposing the same trend, holding the remnants and guarding the que.
These distinct aesthetic views and propositions of Yang Wenqi were not only valuable and of progressive significance at that time, but also still enlightened and of practical significance even today. The Songjiang faction headed by Dong Qichang, the nine friends in the painting, to put it bluntly, are Dong Qichang's fan base. Yang Wenxiao and Dong Qichang wrote inscriptions for each other's paintings, and Dong admired Yang, who honored Dong as a teacher.
Yang Wenxiao's painting title is more prosperous than the poem title, and between Yang and Dong, there is a difference rather than a homophony. Yang Wenxiao's paintings are more than a thousand. It has been found in about sixty bibliographers. Compared with Yang Wenqiao's political experience and history of military management, What Yang Wenqiao has widely circulated for posterity is his artistic achievements in calligraphy and painting. Yang Wenxiao is erudite and good at painting landscapes. Born in Guizhu, he broke through the heavens and the wilderness, and the landscape he made has the backbone of the Song people, to its knot has the style and elegance of the Yuan people, and to its in-and-out between Juran and Huichong.
Yang Wenxiao was an outstanding figure in the era of great turmoil during the Ming and Qing dynasties. He was extremely unfortunate behind him, and he was wronged and falsely accused. In his early years, he was known as a patriot who sang generously and tragically, and in his later years he was a martyr of the Qing Dynasty who was fierce and righteous. Kong Shangren gave a curved guide to his image in "Peach Blossom Fan", mistakenly believing that he was a character with eight exquisite faces and two sides, and even subjectively conjecture, slandering him, saying that his death was not heroic, and there were other objective reasons. He was a patriot of the Ming Dynasty, who had experienced the path from a hero to a martyr, beyond doubt and beyond reproach.
Lu Xiuhui has a poem "Singing for Yang Wenxiao", poem Yun:
The wood was cold, and the wind was howling with mules.
Killed Huang Jia Nai and ran into the Yue River early.
This trip must also be secret, Zhilong has long planned a lot.
Pucheng was defeated and chaotic, and Xie Yanbo was xie in this life.
Knowing that he was late in his search, Nanming was sad and sad.
Sunset lonely bird look, idle clouds on the lake.
Don't wait for faith and thirst, and cry out for hunger.
Fly where who mourns, Shou Cup begs my master.
The dream of the painting is far away, and the soul of the poem is sad.
Nanpu is relatively sad, and Nishiyama chrysanthemums are on the fence.
Books and swords are wrong, and poetry and painting are not easy to hold.
Worthy of the mountains and rivers hanging, tears on the shirt wet.