In recent years, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has become a hot word and has been frequently mentioned, as one of the four major bay areas in the world, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area includes two special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao, as well as nine Pearl River Delta cities such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Foshan, with Lingnan culture as the core culture.
On the morning of September 17th, the public lecture "Lingnan Culture New Lecture IV: The New Changes of Lingnan Culture and the Future of the Greater Bay Area" was held at Nanfeng College, and Lingnan cultural celebrities Huang Tianji and Chen Pingyuan were invited to talk about Lingnan culture and look forward to the broad future of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
Chen Pingyuan (left), Huang Tianji (right)
Huang Tianji, born in Guangzhou in 1935, is currently a professor and doctoral supervisor of the Department of Chinese of Sun Yat-sen University, the president of the Ancient Chinese Opera Society, the former director of the Department of Chinese of Sun Yat-sen University, the executive vice president of the Graduate School of Sun Yat-sen University, a member of the second disciplinary review group of the Degree Committee of the State Council, and a national-level famous teacher. Published fifteen volumes of Huang Tianji's Collected Writings and Lingnan Sense of Old Age.
Chen Pingyuan, born in 1954 in Chaozhou, Guangdong, is currently a liberal arts chair professor at Peking University and a librarian at the Central Research Museum of Literature and History. He has published more than 30 kinds of works such as "The Transformation of the Narrative Mode of Chinese Novels", "The Dream of a Literati and a Guest through the Ages", "The History of Chinese Prose Novels", "Touching History and Entering May Fourth", "Left Map, Right History and Western Learning and Eastern Gradually". In addition to studying, he writes essays to pay attention to real life, and maintain the freedom of mood and the warmth of temperament.
Raw and pragmatic, inclusive and blended
In Chen Pingyuan's view, the style of Guangdong and even the Greater Bay Area can be summarized in one sentence, that is, fierce and pragmatic, the key is "and", fierce people are generally not practical, pragmatic people generally do not dare to take the lead, and Guangdong people have this characteristic, both fierce and pragmatic. "Life means to jump alive, fierce is not a mighty wind, not very fierce meaning, is a very lively meaning." Huang Tianji added.
In addition to being fierce, Professor Huang believes that Cantonese people also have a characteristic - calmness. "For some very serious problems, Guangzhou people are not too afraid, while resisting the epidemic, singing and dancing, or guangdong invention, do you see this wonderful?" But in turn, the so-called "calm" sometimes evolves into "laziness", because "I can eat two meals anyway, make a little money, do a little business, I am lazy." "In the same way, there is something wrong with being too fierce," some Cantonese people like to rub the edge ball, and sometimes it is easy to poke into the ground. Huang Tianji said.
If being fierce, pragmatic and calm is the characteristics of Guangdong people, then tolerance and integration are the philosophy of Guangdong people. "Tolerance is anything, which province of people come to Guangdong, there is no difference between the two, after coming, I did not feel that I was a foreigner." As for the fusion, Huang Tianji took the food as an example: "The most obvious thing is the first porridge, everything is put down, then it is delicious." I think that the chicken offal, beef offal, and fish fillets in this porridge are all miscellaneous, and miscellaneous is blending. Different nutrients, different flavors blend. The fusion of East and West, the fusion of north and south, the fusion of east and west, the fusion of ancient and modern, this is the fusion of Lingnan culture. ”
Huang Tianji also talked about the origin of the name "Yangcheng". The earliest branch of the Central Plains people came from the Qiang people, who raised sheep and ate sheep, and later divided into two tribes, one went to the Sichuan area; one went to the Shaanxi area, integrated with the Han nationality, and became the residents of the Central Plains with the Han nationality as the main body of various ethnic groups. During the Wuhu Chaohua period, a large number of Central Plains people came to Guangdong, and the advanced culture of the Central Plains crossed south. It is said that in the Jin Dynasty, Wu Xiu, the thorn of the Guangzhou Assassin, dreamed that five immortals rode five sheep, and the five sheep contained five kinds of grain ears and came to Guangzhou with five colored auspicious clouds. Talking about this, Huang Tianji suddenly realized: "I suddenly understood. Guangzhou is called Yangcheng, there is no sheep here, nor do we eat sheep, we actually call it Yangcheng. It shows that we Lingnan people at that time admitted that we were backward, and we were willing to accept the advanced culture of the Central Plains. It can be seen that Lingnan people are very good at absorbing foreign cultures and blending foreign cultures and traditional Chinese culture into Lingnan culture.
Lingnan water, soil and regional culture
How to gaze affectionately at the "water and soil" of your birth and growth in Slovak is an ancient challenge. The globalization of the economy will inevitably bring about cultural changes, the small cultural system is basically destroyed, the language has begun to disappear, and the culture has begun to decline. The excavation, memory, recognition, and inheritance of indigenous knowledge have become important topics, and Chen Pingyuan discusses how regional culture has entered the academic field in this sense.
In addition to human consciousness and national consciousness, modern people also have a sense of hometown and family. Which one is more appropriate as a research unit, and it is easier to grasp? This problem attracted the attention of the academic community in the 1970s, because "China as an analytical framework is too big, so we must try to cut it up to do some regional research, so with the regional research of China's modernization, basically a province to do, some places will slightly discuss the relevant regions of several provinces, emphasizing how the economy and culture in this region have embarked on modernization, this is a set of books." Later, a second set of books was published, a city is Shanghai or Beijing, a region and a province or several related regions in the study of culture, this work was basically completed by the late 1980s. Chen Pingyuan said.
At the same time, Chen Pingyuan quoted Liang Qichao's article "The Location of Guangdong in World History" and pointed out: "Guangdong is not important in terms of Chinese history, and we can have many cities and regions that are much more important than Guangdong." However, Guangdong, which lives in Lingnan, has become important in the history of the world because of transportation, because of shipping, and because of opening up to the outside world, so Guangdong in Chinese history is not as important as Guangdong in world history. ”
After entering the 90s, various places were keen to build large-scale series of books. As an analytical unit, Lingnan is getting more and more attention from us. Chen Pingyuan believes that although the geographical scope of the term Lingnan is not clear, when we talk about Lingnan culture, we are talking about the regional culture of Guangdong Province.
Chen Pingyuan talked about the competition of urban culture at Sun Yat-sen University in 2011 and used one word - three-legged standing. The "three legs" are not Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, but Sui, Shenzhen and Hong Kong. These three international metropolises are connected together, the population is about 10 million, such a small range of concentrated three international metropolises with Lingnan cultural genes, how to develop in the future? In Chen Pingyuan's vision, the three cities will support each other, develop hand in hand, and jointly promote lingnan culture "backgammon".
Tomorrow's Lingnan depends on today's education
There is a passage in Lin Xiong's book "Classic Guangdong" that says that before Guangdong gained popularity in the 80s, Guangdong's "Northern Expedition" began again, television, movies, flared pants, jeans and so on. But in Chen Pingyuan's view, this is not Guangdong culture, but Hong Kong culture, which is deduced from all parts of the country through The passage of Guangdong Guangzhou. In a sense, the culture of Guangdong in the 1980s and 1990s did have a great influence on all of China, and popular music, food culture, and clothing were all the rage, but this influence gradually declined. Chen Pingyuan pointed out that the key lies in modern humanistic education, and if Guangdong's higher education does not go up, there is no possibility of sustainable development.
Lingnan culture backgammon, in fact, is to compete for talents, talent has two sayings, one as long as the high price can come in, that is the introduction. The other is self-hematopoietic and self-cultivated. Lingnan education industry wants to achieve self-hematopoietic blood supply, Chen Pingyuan believes that "the authorities must be clear-headed", running a university and running a factory is not the same, Guangdong from the "three to one supplement" started, running a factory is experienced, and running a university is not necessarily there, running a university for a hundred years, relatively speaking, it is not like running a factory can be put into immediate output. Too much force sometimes will cause some problems, put forward some too harsh and unreasonable requirements for teachers and universities, and use this method to improve various indicators, which is the embodiment of quick success and short-term profit, and the effect is not necessarily good.
In addition, higher education must have a local feeling. As a cultural and educational institution, the complexity within the university exceeds our imagination, the university is not like a factory or a supermarket, it is impossible to standardize, it must be rich in water and soil to have a large space for development, the charm of a hundred years of Peking University is that it is not in China, but grows up in China, and the Chinese nation that is troubled and indomitable has come together. The internationalization of education and locality are not contradictory, and the international vision needs to be possessed, but it is possible to run a university that adheres to local feelings, otherwise it will become a time-out cargo board.
Chen Pingyuan hopes that the higher education in the Greater Bay Area, including Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, so many universities, in a sense can form a relatively good alliance, or in a sense to support each other, help each other, this place in another twenty or fifty years should become the hot land of higher education in the world. Finally, Chen Pingyuan said: "My alma mater is in this place, and it is possible that I will come and participate in this cause as much as possible." ”
Lingnan culture is a mature and dynamic regional culture, which still maintains a vivid and vigorous state in the Pearl River Delta region. Lingnan culture is also gaining new life in the continuous transformation. Since the reform and opening up, the economically developed Pearl River Delta region has frequent population flows, and large-scale population flows have promoted Lingnan culture to be "new day by day, day by day". From the perspective of Lingnan regional culture, Professors Huang Tianji and Chen Pingyuan explored the possibility of the construction of the Greater Bay Area and the mutual support of Lingnan cultural traditions, combined with daily life and academic education, and outlined a different blueprint for the future of the Greater Bay Area.
Nandu reporter Zhu Rongting intern Lu Yang