"Years go by, and then september 9. Nine is the yang number, and the sun and the moon should be, and the common name is cherished, thinking that it is appropriate for a long time. "Chongyang Festival has been a festival for Chinese to pray for longevity since ancient times. Calling friends and companions, ascending to the distance, enjoying flowers and drinking, chanting words to give gifts - the festival is heavy yang, thank the Song people, in the small words frankly record their Chongyang festival, so that we can relive the poetic life and chongyang taste of the Tianshui Dynasty.
With guests carrying pots on Cuiwei
With the guest carrying the pot on The Cuiwei, Jiang Han Autumn Shadow Goose first flew.
--Su Shi, "DingfengBo Chongyang"
On the Chongyang Festival of the fourth year of Yuanfeng (1081), Su Shi was in Huangzhou (present-day Huanggang, Hubei), although he still served as the deputy envoy of the regiment, which was considered an official, but it was only a false title, not a director, and "resettled in honshu" and monitored by local officials. Su Shi therefore laughed at himself: "Evicting guests may as well be placed outside, and the poet is like Shui Cao Lang." Only ashamed of nothing, shang fei official family pressed the wine bag. ("First To Huangzhou")
In this year, Su Shi had been living in Huangzhou for two full years, and the exiled criminal officials often had worries about food and clothing. He recorded in the preface to a poem: "Yu to Huangzhou for two years, the day is poor. The late Ma Zhengqing mourned the lack of food, and invited the old camp to dozens of acres in the county, so that he could cultivate it. A deceased man who had sought dozens of acres of wasteland outside the east gate of Huangzhou for him, Su Shi personally reclaimed it, planted grain and ate it himself, and ordered it to be "Dongpo".
Since then, "Dongpo Resident" has become another name for Su Shi, and "Su Shi" has also officially become "Su Dongpo".
It was also on this year's Chongyang Festival that Su Dongpo held up a greeting to the guests at a simple banquet, filling in a word:
With the guest carrying the pot on the Cuiwei, Jiang Han autumn shadow goose first flew, the earthly rare to open the mouth to laugh, young, chrysanthemums must be inserted into the head.
Tincture but the reward is festive, Yun Yue, don't complain about the landing. Who has not aged in the past and the present, how much, why should Niu Shan be more clothed.
Although it is a Song word, it has a Tang flavor, why? Because this is Dongpo's hand-changed from Tang poetry.
"Jiang Han Autumn Shadow Goose first flew, and the guest carried the pot on the Cuiwei. It is rare for the world to smile, and the chrysanthemums must be inserted into the head. But the tincture will be rewarded for the festival, and there is no need to climb the hated sunset. This has only been the case in the past and the present, so why should Niu Shan be clothed alone?" This poem is the late Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu's "Nine Days of QiShan Ascending", written on the Chongyang Festival of the fifth year of the Tang Dynasty (845). On that day, when Du Mushang was in Chizhou, the poet Zhang Hu came to visit, and the two were the same disease--both were migrants who were implicated in the party struggle and did not meet huaicai. Du Mu was once the secretary of the Cattle Monk and The Imperial Household, and was once promoted to inspector of the imperial history, but later repeatedly released; Zhang Hu was also a frustrated person, and his three hundred poems had been viewed by the emperor, but he was not allowed to be an official, so he had to be a virgin and exiled to Huainan. Du Mu saw him as he was, and once wrote a poem to give him: "Whoever is like Zhang Gongzi, a thousand poems are light and ten thousand households!"
Two wandering poets, gathered at the Chongyang Festival, drank bitterly by the river, ascended to the far horizon, chrysanthemums full of heads, and smiled at each other - from a poetic point of view, this smile should be a bitter smile poured from wine, right?
Song Dynasty scholars generally like to wear flowers at banquets, Ouyang Xiu "wears flowers and holds wine to celebrate the East Wind" ("Crane Rushing to the Sky"), Huang Tingjian "drunken flowers with a crown upside down" ("Partridge Heaven"), Xin Abandoned Disease "Flower Arrangement and Drunken Thousand Bells" ("Dingfeng Bo , Twilight Spring Manxing"), are all portrayals of song Dynasty scholars wearing flowers on their heads and holding wine glasses.
This kind of activity is different from the court etiquette system of Tang Dynasty officials "giving flowers from the court", but is a convention of the private life of scholars. If such a phenomenon appeared in the Ming and Qing dynasties, where the etiquette was strict, it would definitely be regarded as an act of bad manners and bad customs.
When it came to the Chongyang Festival, the Song people were even more popular with chrysanthemums, such as Fan Chengda, who "saw the autumn moon very much, and Chongyang planted yellow flowers" ("Chaozhongcuo"). In "The Past Events of Wulin", Zhou Mi recalled that the day before the Chongyang Festival in the Southern Song Dynasty Palace, it was necessary to prepare 10,000 chrysanthemums in advance for the use of chongyang hairpin flowers, "The forbidden example was made on the eighth day to make a heavy nine rows, and the ten thousand chrysanthemums were arranged in the Qingduan Hall, which were dazzling, and the chrysanthemum lamps were lit, slightly like the New Year's Eve. "On the Chongyang Festival in Lin'an, the people will also wear chrysanthemums on their heads and drink newly brewed wine.
Also worth mentioning in the Su word is the allusion of "Niu Shan Dipping Clothes". The "Biography of Han Shiwai" records: "Qi Jinggong traveled on niu mountain, and looked north at Qi, saying: 'Beautiful country!'" Lush Tarzan. If there is no one dead in the ancient world, then the widow will go here and what will happen?' Leaning over and weeping. ”
Ancient kings rarely exposed their weak side of their hearts, but as the king of a great power, Qi Jinggong was able to confess his fear of death when he ascended to a high altitude, which was indeed precious. Although later generations also laughed at him, such as Li Bai," Jing Gongyi was foolish? Niu Shan tears continued. Things are not satisfied, but they are long and look forward to Shu" ("Ancient Winds"). But most people show respect and sympathy for this, after all, in the face of death, human beings are equally fragile as reeds.
When Du Mu wrote this Chongyang poem, he remembered that Qi Jinggong, who was clothed in Niushan Mountain, had long since turned into yellow earth, and the emperor would still be like this, let alone a person who had lost his way with Zhang Gongzi?
In contrast, Su Dongpo smeared it casually and filled it in as a song word, but it had a bit of a playful taste. Compared with the canonical book of Tang poetry, the bytes of Song Ci are more flexible, and it seems to dissolve the seriousness and insolubleness of the topic of life and death.
In particular, in the last sentence, Su Dongpo quietly changed "This has only been the case in the past and the present, why should Niushan be clothed alone" to "Who is not old in the past and the present, how much, why should Niushan be more clothed", which seems to turn the helplessness of life that is easy to grow old and life sometimes into a clear insight that sees through the world but is optimistic.
Chongyang Festival has been a festival for Chinese to pray for longevity since ancient times. The Wei and Jin People's "Miscellaneous Records of the Western Jing" recorded that the Western Han Folklore "On the ninth day of September, Pei Zhu, eating fluffy bait, drinking chrysanthemum wine, made people live a long life.". Although the "Miscellaneous Records of Xijing" may not be Han Customs, it can be confirmed that at the latest in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, September 9 was a day related to longevity.
In the Wei and Jin dynasties, people began to have a deep understanding of the length of life, on the one hand, they pursued the length of life, and even a high priest like Ji Kang "heard the last words of the Taoist priests, baited huang jing, made people live a long time, and believed it" ("Letter of Renunciation with Mountain Juyuan"); On the other hand, he is also afraid of the impermanence of life, such as Shi Chong's lament in the "Preface to the Poetry of Jingu": "I feel that my life is not eternal, and I am afraid of the indefiniteness of withering." Although Ji and Shi had very different paths in life, their fates did not end well.
In contrast, Cao Pi, who was born a noble prince, once gave the calligrapher Zhong Xuan a few bouquets of chrysanthemums on the Chongyang Festival, and wrote "Nine Days and the Book of Zhong Xuan", which began by explaining the meaning of Chongyang: "The years come and go, and the ninth day of September is suddenly repeated." Nine is the yang number, and the sun and the moon should be, and the common name is cherished, thinking that it is appropriate for a long time. From this, it can be seen that due to the harmonic sounds of "nine" and "long", September 9 is regarded as an auspicious day that is "suitable for a long time", and drinking chrysanthemum wine on this day can prolong life. Even Cao Pi was not exempt from the customs, and gave his friend chrysanthemums for the purpose of chongyang wine, "respectfully offering a bouquet to help Peng Zu's technique."
The so-called chrysanthemum wine is not simply to take chrysanthemums to brew wine, according to the Northern Wei Jia Sixun "Qi Min Zhi Shu" contained in the "Nine Days of September, before the day of The Nine Days, collect the water nine buckets, soak the qu nine buckets" can be seen, at the dawn of the Chongyang Festival, people will pick chrysanthemums with buds to be released, mixed in the rice soaked and brewed, until the following year Chongyang "urn full of ripe, and then escorted out, fragrant and beautiful forces, double victory over the regular wine", in order to brew the real Chongyang chrysanthemum wine. The spring, summer, autumn and winter of the year, the joys and sorrows are all condensed in chrysanthemum wine.
Flowers blossom and fall, drunk and sober.
Who delivers the wine? Chongyang Pharmaceutical City
Toward this moment, the cold clouds were full of empty eyes and scratched their heads. Who delivers the wine?
——Qin Guan, "Touching the Fish, Heavy Nine"
The Song Dynasty people described the scenery of Chongyang, often far apart, Yan a few ways of "courtyard green moss red leaves everywhere, when the golden chrysanthemum blooms, it is close to the Chongyang feast" ("Butterfly Love Flower • Courtyard Green Moss Red Leaves All Over"), full of rich and noble weather, and the Chongyang scenery written by The proud protégé Qin Guan on the eastern slope is "the lakeside, a few rafters of thatched houses, still too heavy nine." The smoke waves are broken and no one can see, but the wind blows the willows."
So he "pondered for a long time, and at this moment, the cold cloud was full of empty eyes and scratched his head." Who delivers the wine? But a bending stream, a few branches of wild chrysanthemums, knocked on the spit pot." During the Chongyang Festival, Qin Shaoyou lacked a pot of wine.
In the next step of this song "Touching the Fish, Heavy Nine", Qin Guan fell into contemplation of life, and then sighed: "Hugh Zhu Shou, it is difficult to laugh in the world, and youth is difficult again." A good year really must remember, orange green orange yellow time. Junnian no? The most unfortunate thing is that Frost Day idle but pass the cup hand. Gull friends. Talk about picking up the cocoon, attentively inserting the sideburns, and the incense mist is full of shirt sleeves. ”
Among them, the sentence "A year of good scenery Junsu must remember, the most orange, yellow, orange and green time" is popular among the population, but this was originally a famous sentence in Su Dongpo's "Gift to Liu Jingwen" written in Hangzhou, shaoyou borrowed it, perhaps in the Chongyang season to read the teacher?
Perhaps the most touching thing about this poem is the sentence in the Upper Curtain, "To this moment, the cold clouds are full of empty heads." Who delivers the wine?" When I read this sentence, my first reaction was to think of Du Fu, the "poet saint" who "went out to scratch his head in white.".
The image of Qin Guan in the history of literature is quite weak, "the fog has lost the platform, the moon is lost and the jindu" ("Tasha Xing"), and it is suspected that the literary and artistic youth who is confused and confused is suspected. In fact, this was not the case, Qin Guan said to himself: "When I was young, like Du Muzhi's strong ambition, so big and strange, reading the soldier's family book is in line with the intention." Meritorious service can be established, and there is nothing difficult in the world. Gu Jin'er had the potential to win, and was willing to do the trick to carry out the heavenly curse. Return to the ruins of Youxia and hang the remnants of the Tang Dynasty. The flow is endless, for the sake of immortality. Wouldn't it be great! So the word is too vain, to guide my aspirations. It can be seen that Qin Guan's life aspiration is to pacify the Liao Kingdom and Western Xia and restore the old frontiers of the Han and Tang Dynasties. He did not talk about it, but like his teacher Su Dongpo, he wrote a lot of insightful policies.
Mr. Zhu Dongrun, who has studied the literary history of the Song Dynasty, read the collection of Qin Guan's poems and poems with a unique vision, and noticed Qin Guan's strategy: "Yu Yu's book of less travel, especially like to read thirty pieces of the strategy, look at its gains, gai guide originated from Dongpo, and saw it very well." This is the last resort of the country, and the strategy of breaking the enemy is superior. At that time, there was no one who was beyond his right. (Preface to the "Notes on the Huaihai Collection") Mr. Zhu can be said to be Qin Shaoyou's confidant under the thousand years.
However, in the era of Qin Guan, except for Su Dongpo and other second and third sons, the world regarded him as a shabby word person. Qin Guan also followed the road of Su Dongpo, and was exiled in a southerner direction in the south. On the day of Chongyang, he did not necessarily lack wine, but what was missing was Taishou Su Dongpo, who delivered wine in white.
He may recall the scene when he first saw Dongpo: "I don't want to be a thousand households, but I want to know Su Xuzhou." ("Biezi Zhan Bachelor")
Many years later, the Southern Song Dynasty Jinguancheng, a man who did not lack alcohol, got drunk on the Chongyang Festival. "What is the south again, value the Yang Medicine City" (Lu You, "Han Palace Spring, Early From Southern Zheng to Chengdu")
This song "Han Palace Spring" is lu you's true feelings revealed, in the downtown of the sea of thousands of people, alone hats hanging whips, drooling in front of the dignity. Fang Weng himself confessed that this word was written in "the first time from Southern Zheng to Chengdu", that is, in the ninth year of Emperor Xiaozong's Qiandao (1173), he was already aware of the mandate of heaven, and had just been transferred back to Chengdu from the Zheng Front in Southern Shaanxi to serve as a senator of the Chengdu Fulu Pacification Department. This is an official position with no title, "cold officials have nothing to do, they have to swim idly every day" ("Climbing the Tower"), Lu You's career of "getting on the horse to hit the wild beard, getting off the horse and writing the grass army" has since ended, and at the age of fifty he has since called himself "Fang Weng".
Feather arrow carved bow, reminiscent of the eagle ancient fortress, intercept the tiger Pingchuan. Blowing the flute twilight back to the wild tent, snow pressing green felt. Drenched in drunken ink, watch the dragon and snake fly down the barbaric note. People make mistakes, poetry will be slight, and for a while they will be transcendent.
What is the matter of coming south, valuing Yang Medicine City, New Year's Eve Lantern Mountain? Spend time in the midst of all the people's delight, and the hat is hanging down. Smell the song feels old, still drooling in front of you. Junji took and sealed the marquis. The name of merit is not believed by heaven.
This year's Chongyang Festival, Lu You strolled in the bustling Chongyang Medicine Market in Chengdu, in the midst of the sea of thousands of people, watching the flowers bloom rich and noble, listening to the songs, but smelling the songs, recalling the years in the Southern Zheng Army, suddenly emotional collapse, and soon drunk.
When I first read this word, I didn't understand that the so-called "Chongyang Pharmaceutical Market", as the name suggests, is the market that sells medicinal materials during the Chongyang Festival, how can you get drunk while strolling around in the medicinal materials market?
It wasn't until I read a piece of historical material that I suddenly became enlightened. The Song Ren Zhuang's "Chicken Rib Compilation" records that Chengdu Chongyang Medicine Market: "To the chongjiu medicine market, outside the Yumen Gate to the five gates of Yujuhua, set up a general store of goods and medicines, rhinoceros musk and the like are piled up." Fu Yin and the superintendent both walked to read. He also set up a great deity below the five doors, accommodating dozens of huts, placing cups and cups, and drinking freely by all famous taoists. If so, five days. ”
It turned out that in addition to the mountains of Chinese medicinal materials piled up in the Chongyang Medicine Market, several huge wine tanks were also placed in many places on the street for people to drink freely for five days. As a result, Lu Fangweng, who was "poetic and strategic", was able to take a drunken break in Chongyang Medicine Market.
In addition, the "hat hanging whip" in lu you's words also seems to have a deep meaning. "Hat" means to wear a hat crookedly, alluding to the allusion of "joining the army and dropping the hat". The Biography of Meng Jia in the Book of Jin reads: "(Meng Jia) later joined the army for Huan Wen of the Western Expedition, Wen Shi Zhongzhi, on September 9, Wen Feast Longshan, and Ju Zuo Bi Ji. When the officials were dressed in uniform, there was a wind, blowing Jia hat and falling to the ground, Jia was unconscious. Wen made the left and right not to speak, to see his behavior. Jia Liang went to the toilet, and Wen Ling returned it. Order sun sheng composition mocking Jia, sitting on Jia. Jia also saw, that is, answered, its text is very beautiful, four seats even sighed. "On a certain Chongyang Festival in the Southern Dynasty, the General Huan Wen of the Zhenxi Dynasty invited the shogunate people, all dressed in formal clothes and wearing official hats, and suddenly a gust of wind blew away the hat of Meng Jia, who joined the army, which was considered disrespectful at the time, but Meng Jia calmly went to the toilet. Huan Wen let a celebrity on the seat write an article on the spot to laugh at him, and also placed the article on his seat, and as a result, Meng Jia calmly replied after returning to his seat.
As a result, this passage has also become a good story in Chongyang and appears repeatedly in Chongyang poetry. Some of them are cleverly used, such as Dongpo's "Wine gradually dissipates and the wind is soft, fluttering, broken hat amorous but love-headed" ("Nanxiangzi Chongjiu Hanhui Lou Presents Xu Junyou").
Huan Wen, as a Southern Dynasty warlord, devoted half his life to the Northern Expedition to the Central Plains, and Meng Jia was a military counsellor in his shogunate. Rikuyu is also an official who has just stepped down from the shogunate to join the army, and perhaps this former soldier wears a hat or has some sustenance.
This seems to be corroborated by Lu You's yearless friendship and Xin Shuyi, who is also committed to restoring the Central Plains. On a certain Chongyang Day, Jia Xuan wrote down "Where is Longshan, remember the High Meeting of that year, the Chongyang Festival, who offers a smile with the veterans, drops his hat and joins the army Huafa" (Xin Abandoned Disease, "Nian Nu Jiao, Heavy Nine Seats").
Unfortunately, in the Chongyang Pharmaceutical Market in Chengdu that year, no one knew what kind of heart this drunken old man had.
Cake poetry wine hat zhu yu mat
The old days are heavy and sunny. Sighing all over the city, the wind and rain, the loneliness and depression. Creation churns new machines, and does not step on the poet's old traces. All swept away, a day of clouds. Outside the high west wind, the twilight kites fly and the autumn sky is not endless. True meaning, vast.
Cake poetry wine hat zhu yu mat. Count this dynasty, no one who does not drink, and who really gets. Zimei is not born of the old, and there are few good guests in a thousand years. Infinite things, want to forget and remember. Jin Qi's bow strength was strong, and he was overwhelmed, looking back at the south and north of the mountain. Whoever yi geese, ask for news.
——Wei Yiweng, "He Groom Presents Friends at the Nine-Day Table"
In the history of the Song Dynasty, Wei Yiweng may have been an overlooked existence, not well known to the world, and his people were entitled to the Confucius Temple during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, and have always been regarded as "famous ministers of science". However, his life's career can be summed up in just four words? The powerful minister Han Nongxu hastily carried out the Northern Expedition, and the crowd was silenced, and the Wei people were soft-spoken, but they dared to oppose it in the court. 30 years later, the Mongol Iron Horse invaded the border of the Southern Song Dynasty, and after Emperor Lizong of Song looked at the group of subjects, he sent Wei to supervise the military horses of Jianghuai Jinghu Lake, and wrote a Tang poem to him: "Last night the autumn wind entered Hanguan, and the moon on the side of Shuoyun was full of western mountains. More urge the flying will chase the arrogant, Mo sent the sand field back to the horse. "Wei Yiweng really lived up to expectations, and was one of the few capable ministers who had the strength to turn the tide at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty.
This poem "He Bridegroom" was composed on a Chongyang Festival in his later years, and the "true meaning, hao wuji" in the upper part is the side of his theoretical atmosphere, and the "golden qi is high and the bow is strong, and he is in a bad position, looking back at the south and north of the mountain" is his worried side of the country and the world. The words "cake poetry wine hat Zhu Yu Xi" reveal another custom of the Chongyang Festival of the Song Dynasty - "Chongyang Cake".
Chongyang cake was a must-eat in Chongyang at the latest during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Southern and Northern Dynasties " JingChu Chronicle " said: " On september 9, the four people were feasted on wild drinks. The September 9 banquet, it is unknown what generation it originated from. Pessie, bait, drink chrysanthemum wine, clouds make people live longer. Among them, "bait" refers to eating Chongyang cake, the Eastern Han Xu Shen's "Explanation of The Interpretation of The Text" interprets "bait" as "powder cake", and Yang Xiong's "dialect" says: "Bait, or cake." During the Six Dynasties of the Han and Wei Dynasties, cakes were made of rice flour and cakes were made of wheat flour. It can be seen that the "bait" should originate in the south. Chongyang "bait" is also known as "puff bait", and puff grass is added to the pastry. In the "Miscellaneous Records of Xijing", it is said that "eating puff bait to pray for demons and evil spirits", it seems that the people of Han and Wei believed that eating Chongyang cake on the Chongyang Festival could get rid of the "evil" things.
The Song people liked to eat all kinds of pasta and pastries, both north and south. The southern Song Dynasty's "Record of Dreams" specifically mentions the chapter on the food and drinks in Lin'an City: "The most important thing is that there are one or two noodle shops on the main street and the western noodle spots in the west of the city, which are sold all night and have endless acquaintances." Lin'an City sells small shops and stalls selling pastries, the business is excellent, open all night, which shows that the citizens have a special love for eating pastries.
The Song people even made the food culture of "Chongyang Cake" delicate and vivid, and the Northern Song Dynasty Mengyuan Elder's "Tokyo Dream Record" recorded the practice of Chongyang cake: "(Chongyang) One or two days ago, each one was given with flour steamed cake, planted with a small flag of color, and mixed with fruits, such as pomegranate seeds, chestnut yellow, ginkgo biloba, pine nut meat and the like. He also used powder as the shape of a lion barbarian king, and placed it on the cake, which is called a lion barbarian. From this, we can see that Chongyang cake is a kind of "flour steamed cake", but it is decorated with colorful flags, mixed with pomegranate seeds, chestnuts, ginkgo biloba, etc., and also use flour to pinch out scary shapes such as lions - this is estimated to be the ancient style of "eating puff bait to pray for evil spirits". The book even records: "When the day is about to dawn on the ninth day, a piece of cake is put on the nipple on the child's head to pray for the clouds, and everything is high." Although absurd, it also preserves interesting details of The Chongyang folklore of the Song Dynasty.
The Song Ren's "Shao's After-hearing Record" has a very interesting "dare not inscription cake", "Liu Mengde composed the "Nine Days Poem", wanting to use the cake character, in the Five Classics, there is nothing in the Five Classics, and it will not be repeated." Liu Mengde is the Tang Dynasty "poet Hao" Liu Yuxi, he wrote poetry in the Chongyang Festival, originally wanted to write Chongyang cake, but doubted that there is no "cake" word in the Confucian classics, afraid of violating the poetry method of the classic, so the poem was not written, and was ridiculed by the people of the time: "Liu Lang did not dare to inscribe the cake word, and the false poem was a world of luxury."
Or because of this, there are very few mentions of Chongyang cake in Tang and Song poems, while Song Ci is not, after all, it is "Xiao Dao ye", which can be involved in fireworks between hunters, and there is no need to sit in danger like writing poems. Therefore, even Wei Yiweng, a "famous minister of science", still mentioned Chongyang cake in his own small words, and placed it on the first seat - "cake poetry wine hat zhu yu mat".
Unexpectedly, after the death of the Song Dynasty, this ordinary Chongyang cake actually became the homeland of the remnants of the Song Dynasty to reminisce about the Tianshui Dynasty. Yuan Chuqiu Kui wrote on a heavy yang day that "floating ants are drunk together today, and the cake is empty and remembers the time of peace" ("Nine Days").
"Cake poetry wine hat cocoon mat", let's talk about the cocoon at the end.
For contemporary Chinese, the cocoon is a plant that is both familiar and unfamiliar, to say familiar, "the brothers of the remote knowledge ascend to the heights, and there is one less person planted everywhere", although children can also recite it; To say that it is strange, it is estimated that there are not many people who can recognize the shape of the cocoon. As for the nicknames of Zhu Yan, Yue Pepper and Mu Zi, it is even more unknown what it is.
In addition to the custom of the chrysanthemums on the head of the ancient Chongyang Festival, there was also the custom of wearing a cocoon on the head, the purpose of which was to "ward off evil spirits". The Jin Dynasty Zhou's "Record of Customs and Soils" says: "The ninth day of September is said to be the ninth day, and the customs are still fierce on this day, and the ripe color is red, and they can fold their rooms to plug it, and the clouds will remove the evil qi and resist the first cold."
As for the origin of Chongyang wearing a cocoon to "ward off evil spirits", Wu Jun's "Record of Continuing Qi Harmony" of the Southern Dynasty is conclusive: "Runanhuan Jing has traveled with Fei Changfang for many years to study. The long house said: 'On the ninth day of September, there should be a disaster in the Ru family. It is advisable to hurry up and make the family members make a sac, hold the cocoon, tie their arms, and ascend to drink chrysanthemum wine, this calamity can be eliminated. As the scene goes, the Qi family climbs the mountain. Xi Huan, seeing chickens, dogs, cows and sheep died violently for a while. Nagafu heard: 'This can be substituted also.' 'On the ninth day of this world's ascension to drink, the woman took a sac, and the cover began here. "Of course, that's the title of the book, it's just a little story.
This kind of festival custom originating from ancient times is already difficult to verify its origin, and I privately think that wearing a cocoon may also be a Chu style, the ancient Chu state called the cocoon "榝", and Qu Yuan's "Leaving sorrow" has a cloud: "Pepper zhuan yu is slow to be a man, and the chu is also eager to be full of fu and wear." It can be seen that this object is originally an evil grass (which can be known from the murderous spirit in the name), and gentlemen should not wear it. Later, or the old method of "attacking poison with poison", Zhu Yu became a folk "evil repellent" thing. Until the Ming Dynasty Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica", it was still claimed that "(Zhu Yu) hung his son in the house to ward off ghosts".
The Tang people may also have the habit of wearing zhuyang in Chongyang, but in the Song Dynasty, they used it more to drink. The Southern Song Dynasty's "Record of Dreams" says: "(Chongyang) The people of the world use chrysanthemums and cocoons to float in wine and drink, gaizhuo is known as warding off evil spirits, and chrysanthemums are longevity extenders, so they pretend to serve these two things to eliminate the evil of Chongyang." The Song people are really elegant and interesting, calling chrysanthemums "longevity extenders", and giving Zhu Yu the nickname of "Ward off evil spirits".
Perhaps the Song people paid more attention to the timely pleasure, so they ignored the evil function of the legend of Zhu Zhu, and used it to drink wine, virtually respond to the story, and more often to watch it together with chrysanthemums. Su Dongpo's "This meeting should be drunk, still put the purple chrysanthemum, and carefully sniff" ("Drunken Penglai Chongjiu Shangjunyou"), which is exactly this scene. Of course, this Song poem is also a use of Tang poems, Du Fu's sentence "Next year this will know who is healthy, drunk to look at the Zhu Yu carefully" ("Nine Days Lantian Cui Shi Zhuang"), is really too classic, Dongpo added half a sentence "This meeting should be drunk", Fang has a bit of a Song people's frank and uninhibited taste, and then wrote with a pen in the back "In the coming year, this dynasty, for me to look west, Yu Yu Jiangkou", next year's Chongyang Festival, can not reunite with the kings to drink bitterly, remember to pour a glass of wine for me at Jiangkou! Let future generations read it and suddenly feel heroic. This is where Dongpo is better than the Tang. The Chongyang Festival in the Song Ci also adds a bit of open-mindedness and calmness to the deep affection of the reunion.
"Six or seven elderly people met at the ancient temple of the famous garden in the city, and they made a covenant: the fruit is only five things, the meal is not more than five products, and the wine is not counted." Thinking that frugality is easy to provide, and simplicity is easy to inherit. Destiny is called 'True Rate'. (Lü Xizhe's "Miscellaneous Records of Lü Shi") Whenever I read such historical materials, I will feel that the market of the Song Dynasty was so simple and frank.
Author: Xu Jia