Compared with the North China Great Plain with the core in the north, the southern region of China is relatively more scattered, divided into different plates by large mountains and rivers, and when the ancient productive forces were not developed, within the overall framework of "Greater China", the southern plates also formed a regional civilization with obvious locality, as well as different ethnic groups within the Han people.
In the adjacent part of different ethnic groups, there is a phenomenon of multi-cultural integration, here we need to focus on Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Province has two major plains in the Poyang Lake Plain and the Jitai Basin, which are extremely suitable for agricultural production in the agricultural era; and the east, west and south are surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the north is along the Yangtze River, and the terrain is relatively closed, which makes Jiangxi relatively safe in most cases.
Therefore, Jiangxi has a function similar to a "population reservoir" in the south, in the millennium war, the population in the surrounding areas of Jiangxi has suffered heavy losses, and Jiangxi immigrants have supplemented most of the areas, so far there are a large number of Gan population in the central and western parts of the two lakes and the southern part of Anhui; even the non-Ganmin system near Jiangxi is also influenced by the strong Gan culture, such as the Huangxiao tablets of Jianghuai Guan dialect, which is actually the official Language of Gan, and the Jiujiang urban area in northern Jiangxi and the surrounding areas, Anhui and Hubei and the neighboring areas of Jiangxi are used In fact, Hakka dialect also has a strong relationship with Ganyu, the so-called "Hakka-Gan homology"; and the hui language in the ancient Huizhou region is actually closely related to Gan and Wu.
So are there dialects in Jiangxi that are not very relevant to the Gan language? There are also, Ganzhou dialect belongs to the southwest dialect, there are Minnan dialect islands in the northeast of Ganzhou, and then Jiujiang and other places have some Henan dialect islands. After all, there has been no large-scale immigration of immigrants to Jiangxi in history, and what has just been said is caused by small-scale immigration, so this scale is very small. However, there is also a large dialect area in Jiangxi that has nothing to do with the Gan language, that is, part of Shangrao in the northeast of Jiangxi (Shangrao County, Yushan, Guangfeng, etc.), with a population of about 1.5 million to 2 million, and this part of the population is the same as the Jiangsu and Zhejiang ethnic groups, speaking Wu.
Geographically, this is well understood, as this part of the region is adjacent to Zhejiang and forms a "connected" corridor-like basin among the mountains, as shown in the circle below.
Shangrao is at the intersection of Ganwu and Wu, and it can also be seen that the cultural penetration of the ancient Wuyue region is stronger, so where is the point where this "Gan-Wu" intersects? In Jiangxi Leadshan County.
Lead Mountain County, many people may be accustomed to reading its place names wrong. Although the name here is not known now, but it is indeed famous in history, the current Leadshan County Town Hekou Town once belonged to one of the "Four Famous Towns in Jiangxi", known as the "Eight Provinces Tongqu"; in the Song Dynasty, the Goose Lake Mountain in the territory of Leadshan once had a famous "Goose Lake Meeting", which has an important position in the history of Chinese philosophy.
The population of Lianshan County is 430,000, most of which are Jiangyou folks who speak Gan, but the northeastern part of the county is still spoken in Wu, while the northeastern part of the county still uses Wu, and about 87.4% of the county's population speaks Gan, 9.7% use Wu, and a very small number of people use Minnan and She. This is where the cultural intersection of Gansu and Wu lies.
Bounded by Lead Mountain, the eastern part of the "Shangguangyu" belongs to the Wu language, and the western hengyi belongs to the Gan language
Regarding such special situations in Leadshan County, the ancients have long noticed that Zhu Xi said in "One of the Lichun of Lead Mountain": "Snow embraces the mouth of the mountainside cave, and spring returns to Chuwei Wutou." To ask where Mintian is, the Ming Dynasty Ridge Water flows south. Here, lead mountain is called the land of "Wutou Chuwei"; the Qing Dynasty Cheng Kui said in the "Hekou Bamboo Branch Words": "Singing hammers in the evening fishing boats singing, half Wu song and half Chu song" (jiangxi is called Chu in ancient times is also a common cultural phenomenon, but "Chu" does not refer to Jiangxi alone), indicating that the fishermen here are mixed with Wu Chu and are more complicated.
So, what do the ancients think about the cultural belonging of Leadshan County?
This point is not much controversy, not to mention the Leadshan County, and even the entire Xinzhou area where the Wu language area of Shangrao is located, in ancient times, was considered to be close to the Chu wind in Jiangxi, even in the case of the Yuan Dynasty Xinzhou Road belonging to Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, it seems that Wu Di did not regard it as his own person, Zhao Jingliang clearly pointed out in the article "Jiangdong System and Placing Xie Gongfangde": "Xinzhou is on Jiangdong Road, Yangyu Wuchudi; Raozhou is on Jiangdong Road, Yangyu Chudi. Xue Xuanxi, a Taoist priest of Longhu Mountain in Guixi County, Xinzhou, had a sentence: "Chuyun River Tree, thousands of miles of obstacles." In the poem "Hua Sutai", he even sighed: "The Nine Heavens of the Star Dou divide Chu Yue, and the mountains and rivers are bounded by Ou Min." "Clearly regard Xinzhou as the place where Chu and Cross the boundary. It can be seen that the ancients usually regarded Shangrao as the "eastern realm of Chudi" rather than "the western realm of Wudi". Although, the vast majority of the inhabitants of Shinshu speak Wu, including Shangrao, the seat of state capital. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Guangxin Province (renamed from the Yuan Dynasty Xinzhou Road, the area of present-day Shangrao Central And Yingtan) was transferred to Jiangxi, and its Chu land was more justified. Sun Jiagan of the Qing Dynasty described the custom of Guangxin in the "Journey to the South": "The customs of Jiangyou are better than those of The Three Wus and the Two Zhejiangs, and the men cultivate and work together as merchants; the women are all textiles." The hemp, citrus, mian, kudzu, pine fir, fish and shrimp, and rice wheat are not skilled, and their thrifty habits have the style of Tang and Wei. If you are deceitful and skillful, then you are also vulgar. ”
Obviously, although most of Guangxin people belong to the Wuyuemin lineage, they are generally considered to be part of the "Jiang Right", zhejiang people see it this way, Guangxin people see it this way, and outsiders also see it this way.
So why? This may have something to do with historical attribution, because Huaiyushan separates Guangxin from Zhejiang into a different natural area, and although the two places can be connected through land corridors, the actual Jiangxi ancestry is heavier— this administrative district is divided by the capital of Jiangxi. Before the Middle Tang Dynasty, this area was basically undeveloped, there was no independent structure, most of it belonged to Raozhou and Fuzhou in Jiangxi, after the Anshi Rebellion, the Northerners once again went south on a large scale, and the Xinjiang River Basin was also developed, which was only in 758 AD "Yiyang of Raozhou, Changshan of Quzhou, Yushan and the land of Jian and Fu" set up Xinzhou. Naturally, Shinshu was placed in Gangnam-seo-do Province.
Moreover, the Xinjiang River originally belonged to the Poyang Lake water system, and the Wuyue state during the partition period did not include Shangrao, first under Yang Wu, then to the Southern Tang, and during the Northern Song Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Jiangnan East Road, which was separated from the two Zhejiang provinces for a long time, and naturally the Wudi identity would be very weak, and the Jiang right identity was formed.
Author: Yun Fan