Video loading...
Cover news reporter Zhang Jie intern Li Xinyue
On the morning of October 23, the "National Urban Geography and the Coordinated Development of the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin Cities Economic Circle Seminar" sponsored by Sichuan University was held at the Chengdu Kehuayuan Hotel. The seminar was hosted by the School of History and Culture of Sichuan University, the Library of Sichuan University, and the Chengdu Map Publishing House, with the support of the China Chamber of Commerce for Private Cultural Industries. At this seminar, the highly anticipated "Treasure of the Town Library" "Sichuan Quantu" high-definition photocopy edition was published and held a premiere ceremony.
High-definition photocopy of "Sichuan Full Map"
"Sichuan Quantu" is also known as "Sichuan Tong Province Mountain Shape Victory Quantu" in the early Qing Dynasty. Professor Yao Leye, vice president of Sichuan University, mentioned in the opening speech of the seminar that the "Whole Map of Sichuan" painted during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty was known as the "treasure of the town hall" and had very important academic and artistic value. ”
The Qing Dynasty Hanlin Academy official great painter Dong Bangda led the painting
Military maps are of great historical and artistic value
The "Whole Map of Sichuan" was composed for military purposes when Qianlong used troops in Jinchuan in the early years of the Qing Dynasty. The conspicuous positions in each map are inscribed with the locations of warehouses such as Changping Warehouse, Prison Warehouse, and Social Warehouse, as well as the number of grain storage, the location of officers and men stationed in the green camps at all levels, such as horses, infantry, battles, garrison posts, and the location and route direction of tangpu, conveying a strong military intention. In other words, the "Whole Map of Sichuan" can be popularly understood as the "military map" of that period.
This set of painted "Sichuan Whole Map" includes 150 hand-drawn maps of Sichuan's provincial capitals, prefectures and counties during the Qianlong period, including 150 prefectures and counties in Sichuan during the Qianlong period, without missing a word. The mountains and rivers, geographical landforms, city buildings, military fortresses, etc. in Sichuan are displayed in detail, and have high historical, artistic and social value.
"Sichuan Quantu" a total of 150 paintings, green landscape paintings, the original map of each independent into a frame, not bound together, each length and width of about 46×51 cm. The map is packed in a yellow Aya-mian letter box, and the mouth of the box is engraved with the text of the "Quantu of The Mountains and Rivers in Tong Province, Sichuan in the Early Qing Dynasty", while the "Quantu of Sichuan" is signed by the title of the 22nd year of the Republic of China Li Shumo, on the first page.
The high-definition photocopy is edited by Dang Yuewu, director of the Library of Sichuan University, and Li Yongxian, director of the Institute of Historical Geography of Sichuan University, and published by Chengdu Map Publishing House in October 2021, with the purpose of adapting to the full use of contemporary scholars and the reading and appreciation of public readers. The size of the photocopy is one-third smaller than the original drawing. Li Yongxian revealed to the cover news reporter that in 2011, the Bashu Book Company published a set of reconstructed rare books of "Sichuan Quantu", "That time was to simulate the specifications of the original map and carry out rare book reconstruction." It has different features and functions from this high-definition photocopy reprint. ”
Flipping through this book and witnessing these exquisite maps, it is pleasing to the eye, not only can you see the terrain and landforms of Sichuan in the past, but also feel a strong aesthetic meaning. It's not so much a map as it is a work of art.
The map in the "Whole Map of Sichuan" was led by Dong Bangda, an official of the Hanlin Academy. In the eighty-eighth painting "Ebian Ying genus naturalized Taiping Mu Sanxun" picture below the left inscription "Chen Dong Bang Da Gong Painting", and there are two plutonium seals, according to which it can be determined that the painter is Dong Bang Da. The history books record that Dong Bangda (1696-1769) "worked and painted things", especially landscape paintings, which were appreciated by the Qianlong Emperor.
Dong Bangda is a native of Fuyang, Zhejiang. Yongzheng entered the priesthood in the eleventh year, Qianlong taught editing in the second year, and the official was shangshu of the Rebbe. Good books, paintings, seals, and ancient laws, landscapes take the law of the yuan, and make good use of dry brushes. Together with Dong Yuan and Dong Qichang, they are called Three. On November 25, 2013, Christie's Hong Kong held a special exhibition of ancient Chinese paintings and calligraphy, in which the highest priced lot was Dong Bangda's "Rock Waterfall", which sold for HK$32.6 million.
According to historical research, Dong Bangda is a native of Fuyang, Zhejiang, who has never been in Sichuan. So why was he able to draw a military map of Sichuan? According to Li Yongxian told the cover news reporter, the reason is likely to be the pattern provided by the local government of Sichuan at that time, and Dong Bangda convened the person to draw it on this basis. After these 150 maps were drawn, they were kept in the palace as military maps.
The original atlas is already a national relic
It is the "treasure of the town hall" of Sichuan University Library
As the earliest painted map of Sichuan in existence, the "Whole Map of Sichuan" is a unique book in the whole country, so it is particularly precious. In order to protect cultural relics, "The Whole Map of Sichuan" has been specially treasured by the Library of Sichuan University, and it is rare for public readers to see the real thing.
Why was the "Whole Map of Sichuan" transferred from the Qing Palace to the library of Sichuan University and regarded as the "treasure of the town hall"? In the preface to "Sichuan Quantu Rare Book Reconstruction", the following text records the "life" of "Sichuan Quantu": "After the Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing, the map was exiled from the palace to the people, which was obtained by song calf mountain Shangshu, after the Xinhai Revolution, it was collected by Liao Jinbo, and after several circulations, it was treasured by the Library of Sichuan University." ”
Li Yongxian
According to Li Yongxian, the "Whole Map of Sichuan" has left two prefaces and treks. In 1931, Liang Zhenglin, a salt transporter from Sichuan Province, said: "(The map) is recorded in the inland and in the border Tibetan mountains and rivers, such as Sheng, Daoli, Bing, and Qiangu. In 1933, the famous historian Li Shu wrote in the preface: "(The figure) can examine the prosperity and decline of the country, the dangers of the mountains and rivers, the evolution of geography, and the changes in the system." Therefore, Li Yongxian judged that the "Whole Map of Sichuan" should have been collected by these two people. But how to get to Sichuan University later, there is no relevant record.
Because these maps have gone through vicissitudes several times, two-thirds of the size has a certain degree of insect moth phenomenon, for the purpose of protection, Sichuan University Library has long carried out a special collection of cultural relics of "Sichuan Quantu" and cannot be touched and used by the majority of readers. Therefore, the republishment of high-definition video and audio of "Sichuan Quantu" can make the public readers feast their eyes.
It can be called "Sichuan version of the Qingming River Map"
Most of the place names and locations coincide with the local chronicles
Chengdu and Huayang counties used to be called "shou county". As can be seen from the relevant historical maps in the "Sichuan Quantu", the boundary of chengdu, the provincial capital of the two counties, is divided from the south to the field, through Baojia Lane, Junping Street, Sanqiao South Street, Xiding Street, Qingshi Bridge, and then north through the South, Middle and North Summer Socks Street, to the North Gate Lama Temple, divided by the center of the street, southeast belongs to Huayang County, northwest belongs to Chengdu County. Old Chengdu often uses "one step, county over county" to describe summer socks street. After the founding of New China, the administration of Huayang County was moved to the current Huayang, and later merged into Shuangliu County.
Look at the picture of Chengdu, where the outer city wall was demolished after the founding of New China, and the middle tribute courtyard, that is, the Shu King's Palace, or the Old Imperial City, has been demolished and is now built into Tianfu Square, Science and Technology Museum, Gymnasium, etc. The picture also shows the Admiral Yamen, the Salt Road Yamen, and the Wenshu Monastery.
The map outside Chengdu is marked with well-known locations in Chengdu, such as Wuhou Ancestral Hall, Red Arch, Qingyang Palace, Huanhuaxi, Du Fu Caotang, Wanli Bridge and so on. Other places are also marked with nine-eye bridge, Anshun bridge, Xue Taojing, Shahepu, Jiulidi, Sima Bridge, Zhaojue Temple, Tianhui Town and so on. In Wenchuan County in the whole map, it can be seen that the county seat is full of Qiang watchtowers. Looking at Chongqing Province, you can see the Yangtze River, Jialing River, Chaotianmen and so on.
As an expert in the study of historical geography, in order to verify whether the place names and locations recorded in the "Sichuan Quantu" are correct, Li Yongxian referred to a large number of Documents such as Fang Zhi and examined the four maps of Chengdu Fu, Pi County, Fuzhou Prefecture and Fuzhou in the "Sichuan Quantu". In his view, most of the place names and orientations on the "Sichuan Quantu" coincide with the records in the local history, which also shows the preciousness of its historical value. Judging from the content reflected in the "Map of Chengdu Prefecture in Sichuan", some of the place names and related scenic spots and monuments recorded in the map have been preserved until now, such as Zhaojue Temple, Wenshu Monastery, Wuhou Ancestral Hall, Qingyang Palace, Xue Taojing, Wushi, etc., and many place names have been passed down in the form of street names, while the related historical buildings and cultural relics and monuments have disappeared, such as the Red PaiLou, the Horse Bridge, and the Xizi Palace. There are also many place names, such as the Qing Dynasty official office Yamen, the Putang that transmits official documents, and the mancheng, the big drum tower, the small drum tower, the Huguo Nunnery, etc., have completely disappeared from today's maps, and the architectural attractions related to these place names have long been difficult to find after hundreds of years of great changes in the city, but the "Sichuan Chengdu Futu" provides us with extremely precious historical information, with irreplaceable historical value and academic research value.
<b>[If you have a news thread, please report to us, once adopted, there is a fee reward.] WeChat attention: ihxdsb, QQ: 3386405712].</b>