In the salt production of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the hegemony played a great role in promoting the innovation of well salt production technology, and made great contributions to the well salt production management system.
The innovation of well salt production technology was developed on the basis of adapting to the requirements of the development level of social productive forces at that time. The well salt production management system in the Western Zhou Dynasty mainly included three aspects: salt collection and adjustment system, salt production management system and salt quality management system.
Among them, the salt industry quality management system is the most important and core management system in well salt production. Keywords: hegemony; Western Zhou; Salt; Well salt production technology
Innovation in well salt production technology
The innovation of well salt production technology mainly refers to the improvement of the utilization mode and method of salt brine in the production process, as well as the improvement of salt brine processing tools. The well salt production technology and production management system in the Western Zhou Dynasty mainly adopted advanced and scientific technology in the well salt production process to improve the production efficiency and salt quality of the salt industry.
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to make full use of the sodium chloride contained in salt brine, people usually adopted the method of directly extracting table salt from salt brine, that is, "boiling salt". However, there will be a lot of impurities when boiling salt, and if the salt brine is not filtered, the quality of the boiled salt will be very poor.
Later, people used the method of combining "boiling salt" and "filter salt", that is, the salt brine was first used to boil the clear soup, and then the impurities precipitated in the clear soup were filtered out. This method greatly improves the quality of salt and also promotes the development of well salt production technology.
Management of salt production
In this regard, it is recorded in the "Guanzi Light and Heavy Ding": "Every sign of salt is determined by the amount of food it eats." "Shilu" refers to the salary, salary, etc. provided by the state.
"Zhou Li Tianguan Yan Clan" also said: "The official who palms salt and boils salt strengthens the people." Whoever makes salt and profit, the fee of the Son of Heaven and the fee of Bailu, and the fee of the princes and the fee of Shi Qianlu." The management of salt production technology in the Western Zhou Dynasty was mainly reflected in the implementation of the salt administration management system and the innovation of salt administration management technology.
A salt official is an official who manages the production of the salt industry. There are two kinds of salt officials: salt zheng and salt worker. Salt was the official in charge of managing salt, and during the Western Zhou Dynasty, the main task of well salt production was to manage the quality of salt. A salt worker is a worker responsible for producing table salt.
There are two kinds of salt workers: one is a full-time, dedicated worker responsible for well salt production, that is, Sijing; One is part-time, and there are also full-time and part-time. In well salt production, salt workers belong to producers like sijing and sigong, and their responsibilities are responsible for managing the quality of salt.
However, because of the different division of labor, the role played in different aspects is also different. For example, in terms of well division, salt workers are mainly responsible for well salt production management; In terms of worker, salt workers are mainly responsible for the use, repair and maintenance of well salt production equipment and tools; In terms of division work, salt workers are mainly responsible for supervision, inspection and inspection of well salt products.
Both the well and the engineer belong to the category of production tools, while the salt officer belongs to the official who manages the quality and production of salt. In addition, some salt producers also have other functions to manage. There was also a special phenomenon in well salt production in the Western Zhou Dynasty, that is, the government directly managed well salt production.
Salt collection system
The salt collection system refers to the state's planned management of salt production and sales according to social needs and financial resources. Its purpose is to ensure the state's fiscal revenue and maintain social order and stability.
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were two main aspects of the salt collection system, one was the planned management of salt production by the state according to actual needs; Second, the state plans to manage salt sales according to the financial situation.
In both respects, there were corresponding systems in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and they were implemented through various specific measures. Regarding the specific measures of the state for the planned management of salt production and sales in the Western Zhou Dynasty, scholars have done a lot of research and discussion.
For example, Li Xueqin pointed out in the book "China's Salt Administration System": "The government's planned management of salt production and sales in the Western Zhou Dynasty was embodied in two aspects: plan management and plan implementation of salt production and sales."
Reform and innovation of well salt production management system
The establishment of this series of systems has played a positive role in the improvement of well salt production technology and salt industry product quality. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the most important and core management system in well salt production was the "well field system", which was a land distribution system centered on well fields.
The well field system is based on the well field, which is divided into several wells according to certain rules, each well has its own area and a certain amount of land, and a canal is built next to the well to irrigate the land. There are also some supporting management systems in the well field system, such as the establishment of officials in charge of land, household registration, taxation, and other affairs in and around the well field.
These supporting management systems are necessary guarantees to ensure the orderly management of wellfield production. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, under the well-field system, many officials and officials specializing in salt production management were produced, and these officials and officials played a great role in ensuring the quality of salt production.
epilogue
The innovation of well salt production technology is to adapt to the expansion of well salt production scale at that time, and the requirements of the management system such as rationalization of salt administration institutions, strengthening salt administration management and salt collection and regulation are required. At the same time, the innovation and management system of well salt production technology is also established to meet the requirements for quality management and supervision of the salt industry in the process of well salt production development.
The establishment and improvement of the well salt quality management and supervision system is to ensure that the production quality of well salt meets the standards. The most core, important and basic content of well salt production technology and management system is the salt industry quality management system, which mainly includes the quality requirements for raw materials, brine making, boiling brine, drying brine, brine storage and other links in the salt production process.
Due to the continuous innovation and progress of well salt production technology in the Western Zhou Dynasty, salt quality standards and related production technology requirements have also changed continuously, thus forming a complete set of salt industry quality management system.
The well salt production management system in the Western Zhou Dynasty mainly includes three aspects: salt collection system, salt production management system and salt quality management system, among which, salt collection system and salt production management system are the most important and core management system in well salt production, and salt quality management system is the inevitable product of well salt production technology innovation and development.
The development process of well salt production technology innovation is essentially a process from backward to advanced, from low to high, from simple to complex. The innovation of well salt production technology and the well salt production management system are complementary, mutually promoting and mutually restrictive.
With the continuous improvement of well salt production technology, the level of well salt management is also constantly improving. The progress of well salt production technology has promoted the continuous improvement and development of the salt administration management system. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, a set of strict well salt production management systems was established, which played an important role in improving the production efficiency of the salt industry, ensuring the safe production of the salt industry, and ensuring the health of the people.
It can be seen that the scientific and reasonable management of well salt production in the Western Zhou Dynasty was a necessary means to ensure the smooth progress of well salt production, improve salt quality and yield, and protect the health of the people. Therefore, a strict salt administration management system was established during the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the salt administration management system had a huge impact on salt production technology and product quality.