Ming Dynasty Bai musician Yang Shu
Author: Liang Bo
Right: Author Liang Bo
When I learned that Yang Shu, a heqing man in the late Ming Dynasty, was a great Bai musician, I couldn't help but be surprised.
I have been paying attention to the information on the former sage Of Heqing, Yang Shu, and his life deeds for decades, and for this reason I have consulted the "History of Ming" and a large number of local documents, and although the information is small, I have compiled the article "Yang Shu Sealed the King of Ryukyu" and published it in the 3rd edition of the Yunnan CPPCC Daily on March 6, 2007. Subsequently, after continuous additions, the article was selected into the "Cultural Dali. Tsurugi Scrolls" and other books.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, present-day Okinawa Prefecture was long under the administration of King Zhongshan of the Ryukyu Kingdom, a vassal state of China, whose surname was Shang. Here, first of all, the incident of Yang's canonization of the king of Ryukyu is briefly explained:
Yang Shu (杨抡), a member of the Bai ethnic group, was a native of Yang Li Deng Village, Diannan, a military and civilian governor of Heqing in the Ming Dynasty, who was a jinshi in the examination of the Wanli Dynasty in the forty-first year of the Wanli Dynasty (1613), first serving in the Punishment Department, and then serving as the prefect of Lu'an Province (present-day Changzhi City) in Shanxi. In the second year of Chongzhen (1629), he was appointed as the deputy envoy of the Ryukyu Kingdom Envoy Regiment as a pedestrian sizheng, and Hubu gave Du Sance as the main envoy. In the sixth year of Chongzhen, the "Sealed Boat" was completed and sent to Ryukyu. "All the people in the line have a total of about 500 wonders", carrying textiles, porcelain, handicrafts, medicinal herbs, paper, etc. with them. Starting from Changle in Fujian Province, he went out to sea from Wuhumen, sealed the boat along the previous sea route, and entered the Ryukyu Kingdom four days later. The delegation first visited the Confucius Temple, paid homage to Shang Ning, the first king of the Ryukyu Kingdom, and then presided over the ceremony of the canonization of the new king ShangFeng to the throne, received the descendants of the thirty-six people of Fujian nationality who migrated to Ryukyu in the early Ming Dynasty, and watched the paintings of the deaf and mute Ryukyu court painter Chinke Sheng. The delegation stayed in the Ryukyu Kingdom for more than five months, and Yang stayed on the "Tinghai Building" on the west side of the Angel Hall and celebrated his birthday here. Yang Shu wrote many inscriptions and articles in Ryukyu, and there are neighboring museums in Japan that still have Yang's inkblots. When the mission returned to China, it was already autumn, and the sea encountered a typhoon, "the rudder teeth were broken dozens of times, and the extortion was broken." After returning to China and resuming his life, Yang Shu was promoted to Shangbaosi Shaoqing, and finally became the shaoqing of Guanglu Temple, and was awarded the "Qin Zhi Yipin Seal of Ryukyu Xuanwei Wanlifang" in his hometown of Heqingdianwei. After Yang Zhishi returned to Heqing, he may have been given a false position by the Yongli Emperor who fled to Yunnan in his later years, because the Qing Dynasty did not recognize the imperial unity of Yongli, so he was not rated as a township sage in Heqing, and the local chronicles did not have biographies to describe his deeds, only in the Republic of China's "Heqing County Chronicle. Eunuch Achievements" only added a small biography (this part refers to the humble work and "History of Ming", Ming HuJing's "Du San Ce Book sealed the Ryukyu True Record of wonders", Qing Xu Baoguang's "Zhongshan Transmission Letter" and other books), recently the author read the Beijing Municipal Academy of Social Sciences Zhang Yajing's "Ming Dynasty Yang Shu and "True Transmission authentic piano score", I had the privilege of learning that in the late Ming Dynasty, Yang Shu, a Member of the Heqing Bai ethnic group, was not only the third largest navigator in Yunnan in the Ming Dynasty after Zheng He and Xiao Chongye, but also a great musician and violinist, it was simply shocking. Thus some information was consulted to write this article. Thinking of Yang Shu listening to the drums and songs on the sea floor in the Ryukyu Angel Hall, it will definitely be a vast wave of heaven, a surging heart, going to the hometown to miss friends, high-pitched chanting, I am also excited, here first quote and slightly copy some of Zhang Yajing's article content, appropriately supplement the author's small notes to introduce the Bai musician Yang Shu.
Zhang Yajing's article said: -- Yang Shuji's "True Transmission of Authentic Piano Scores", also known as "Taikoo Relics", later added "Boya Heart Method" as a sequel, is one of the three major piano song scores of the Ming Dynasty, with high artistic value and academic value.
--Yang Shu,Zi Wenfu,号桐庵,also known as Hepu (Note: In the Yunnan Chronicle, Yang Shu only has a name, no mention of the character and number), the Bai people of the Ming Heqing Military and Civilian Government, the 42nd place of the Township Examination Wanli Bingwu (1606) KejuRen, the 121st of the Wanli Decou (1613) Kesanjia Jinshi... Death burial class climber Yang Clan Ancestral.
Although Yang Shu's place of origin is Heqing, Yunnan, he has lived in Jinling for a long time, and he also writes about Jinling in the book, and it is natural for him to associate with the guqin score and sort it out. Moreover, in the Jinling piano circle during the Ming Dynasty, Yang Zhuo was also an important representative of the Qinge school.
——Throughout the history of the qin, the Printing of Qin scores in the Ming Dynasty was very popular. The first score compiled by the Ming Dynasty was the "Magical Secret Score" (1425), and to the last ming dynasty score, the "Secret Instructions for Words" (1652), a total of 42 scores were printed. During the Wanli Dynasty, Yang Shu published the Taikoo Relics (1609) in Jinling (Nanjing), a nine-part medium-sized tune played in a desolate tune (one sign each of the two or five strings).
- The Main people involved in the compilation of the qin notation collection in the Ming Dynasty were these categories: princes and nobles (Zhu Quan, the King of Ning, etc.), eunuchs (Huang Xian, etc.), scholars (Jiang Keqian, etc.), and literati and scholars (Yang Shu, etc.). As far as Yang Shu belongs to the Qin school, some scholars have classified it into the Jinling Qin School (see Liu Chenghua's "Exploring the Jinling Qin School in History"). Liu Yingli attributed Yang Shu to the Jinling Shangjiang Sect or the Jiangyou Qinge School in more detail, believing that this school of literati had a stronger atmosphere. Zhao Chunting also attributed Yang Tou to the Huanglongshan and Yang Biaozheng as the Qinge sect. A few outstanding works of the Qinge School have been widely circulated, including Yang Shu's "True Transmission of Authentic Qin Notation", which represents the highest standard of Ming Dynasty Qin song notation, and has high artistic and academic value. Yang Li not only pursued the "body of the text", but also appreciated the pure instrumental music of "removing the text to save the hook" at that time. This is different from Yang Biaozheng, another important representative of the Yinge school.
Yang Shu's "True Transmission authentic music score" contains 60 piano songs, including 30 songs of the main collection "Taikoo Relics", 7 sequels of "Boya Heart Method", 1 appendix "Taikoo Relics", and 22 "Boya Heart Methods". The whole book is relatively complete, with orderly, self-narration, piano theory, piano song score, and trek in the book. The songs it includes are diverse in theme, rich in style, fast and slow. It can be said that the book summarizes various tones, examines the meaning of the sound, indicates the fingering, and searches a lot. It is also fully included in the Wanli Yiyi woodcut "Qin Spectral Hebi", and there is an embroidered image of Yang Shu. In the Qing Dynasty, Yang Shu's "True Transmission of authentic qin scores" was also compiled into the "Four Libraries of King Ding".
In recent years, 11 of them have been published again, with themes such as lyrical history, praise, and religion. According to the Shangjiang Qin family, Tang Qin's "Tai gu relics" is an excerpt of "Qiu Hong", with four subtitles: Pingsha Evening Gathering, Distant Pingsha, Lulu Cruising, and Body South and Heart North, expressing the sorrow of nostalgia for the country. In other books, it is explained that there are ten major Chinese piano songs, such as Plum Blossom Three Alleys, Feng Qiu Huang, Hu Di Eighteen Beats, Han Palace Autumn Moon, And Return to Xi. These contents are elegant and lingering, and the aftersound should be the main purpose and content of Yang Shu's search, collation, and revision of the "True Transmission of authentic piano scores". In addition, Yang Shu also elaborated on the contents of the qindao, qinli, qinren, transmission, selection, Tibetan qin, cutting qin, and qin xiu in the book. In the book's "Crane Pu Self-Narration", Yang Shu said to himself: "Foolishness is sex, morality is the heart, disdain is unclean, widowhood is not enough, let go of me, Yazhi Mountain Forest." He Xinwenda, spoiled and not shocked, a lifelong career, all in Sitong. "It reflects the integrity of the literati of that era and the love for piano songs that he had as a literati." In addition, Yang Shu's literary attainments are also very high, and his "Qin Fu" is a good example, the first sentence of which reads: "The elegant instrument of yizhu strings contains the remains of the ancients." Kou Qing zheng in Yunhe, torrent spring in Lu Qi, goddess Sunset Xia, Cai Yong Jiaowei, Tao Qiantuozhi to send wishes, Mi bullets for the cure..." Yang Zhu's "Tai Gu Relic" and "Bo Ya Heart Method" piano scores, after more than 420 years are still in print, is enough to show how important his achievements in piano studies and his position in the history of the piano are. In modern Nanjing, there are still people who study the piano, they must first be led by the master, and after burning incense in front of Yang Shu's portrait, they can return to the sect and recognize the teacher, which also shows that Yang Zhuo's outstanding contribution to piano learning.
During the Ming Dynasty, three people from Heqing Yang Li Dengcun successively passed the examination for more than ten years, one was Li Wenshi, the second was Yang Bao, and the third was Yang Fangsheng, the son of Yang Ti(Juren, who was rated as Heqing Xiangxian). The so-called three soldiers in one village have Yang Shu, and the uncle and nephew Lianfang Jinshi have Yang Shu. Today, Yang's hometown of Heqing still circulates many of his folk tales, which also shows that Yang Is an influential and important figure in the history of the Bai people.
Left: Liang Bo
(Note: The author Is Liang Bo, director of dali prefecture research association, chairman of Heqing County Folk Writers Association, and vice president of Heqing County Bai Society.) ）