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In 2023, the number of applicants for China's college entrance examination reached 12.91 million, a record high; In the same year, the number of graduates nationwide also reached 10 million, also a record high. Behind these huge figures reflect the current situation and challenges of China's education and job market. With the rapid development and wide application of artificial intelligence technology, the traditional education model and employment structure are facing great changes and impacts. This paper analyzes the current dilemmas and contradictions from three aspects: college entrance examination, graduates, and artificial intelligence, and puts forward countermeasures.
Gaokao: Fierce competition and difficult to choose
The gaokao is a core link in China's education system and an important way for students to achieve social mobility. Every year, millions of students take the gaokao, and they make great efforts and sacrifices to compete for a limited number of places. However, the gaokao is not fair competition, but is affected by many factors such as region, family, and policy. There are significant differences in the admission score and acceptance rate of different provinces, different urban and rural areas, different schools, and different majors. This has led to some excellent students not being able to enter the ideal universities and majors, while some mediocre students can enjoy preferential policies.
In addition, the college entrance examination is not a simple choice, but a complex decision. When registering for the college entrance examination, students need to fill in the volunteer, that is, choose the university and major they want to study. However, in the case of insufficient information, opaque information, and inaccurate information, many students do not know what major they are really interested in and suitable for, nor do they know what the employment prospects and development space of each major are. Some students blindly follow the trend and choose popular or unpopular majors; Some students fill in the application at will, choosing random or unrelated majors; Some students passively compromise and choose a major arranged by their parents or teachers. All these may cause students to lose their motivation and sense of direction during college, and face employment difficulties and career confusion after graduation.
Graduates: increased in quantity, decreased in quality
Graduates are an important force in social development and a major provider of the job market. In recent years, with the expansion of college enrollment and the improvement of education level, the number of graduates has shown a continuous growth trend. In 2023, the number of graduates nationwide will reach 10 million, including about 6 million undergraduate graduates. There are many excellent talents among these graduates, who have solid professional knowledge, extensive comprehensive literacy, strong sense of innovation, flexible adaptability, etc. They have injected fresh blood and vitality into socio-economic development.
However, not all graduates have such advantages. In fact, the increase in the number of graduates has been accompanied by a decline in the quality of graduates. On the one hand, under the problems of uneven distribution of educational resources, uneven quality of education, and single education evaluation system, many graduates lack basic professional skills, general skills, social skills, etc. They have obvious defects and misunderstandings in terms of knowledge structure, way of thinking, and values. On the other hand, under the problems of backward employment concepts, high employment expectations, and insufficient employment preparation, many graduates do not have a clear positioning and planning for themselves, and do not fully understand and adapt to the market. They have encountered various difficulties and setbacks in the process of applying for a job.
Artificial intelligence: opportunities and challenges
Artificial intelligence is one of the most cutting-edge, dynamic and potential fields in the world's scientific and technological development. By simulating human intelligent behavior and process, it realizes the acquisition, processing, analysis, application and other functions of data, information, knowledge and other resources. It can improve social production efficiency, improve the quality of human life, and promote economic and social development. It can also create opportunities for new industries, new jobs, new needs, and so on.
However, AI also brings with it a range of challenges and risks. One of them is the impact and change of the traditional employment structure and employment mode. Since artificial intelligence can replace some highly repetitive, highly programmed, and low-technical jobs, such as manufacturing, customer service, accounting, etc., this may lead to some low-skilled workers losing their jobs or reducing their incomes. At the same time, artificial intelligence will also change some existing jobs, such as doctors, teachers, lawyers, etc., which requires workers to carry out effective human-computer collaboration with artificial intelligence systems to improve their communication, judgment, decision-making and other capabilities. In addition, artificial intelligence will also create some new types of jobs, such as artificial intelligence engineers, data analysts, robot maintenance workers, etc., which require workers to have higher professional skills and innovation capabilities.
Therefore, the impact of AI on future employment is two-way, with both challenges and opportunities. For graduates, how to adapt to employment changes in the era of artificial intelligence has become an important topic.
Conclusion: Ways to respond
In the face of the dilemma and way out of the college entrance examination and employment, we need to take measures from multiple levels. First of all, from the education level, we need to reform the college entrance examination system to achieve a fairer, more flexible and diversified enrollment method; We need to reform the content and methods of education, cultivate students' comprehensive quality and core literacy, and improve students' independent learning and innovation ability; We need to reform the education evaluation system and establish more scientific, reasonable and multi-dimensional evaluation indicators and standards. Secondly, from the employment level, we need to strengthen employment guidance and services to help students understand market demand and their own advantages, and formulate reasonable career planning and job search strategies; We need to strengthen employment training and education, improve students' professional skills and generic skills, and enhance students' competitiveness and adaptability; We need to strengthen employment security and support, improve policies, regulations and social security systems, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of students and development space.
Finally, from the social level, we need to strengthen the research and development and application of artificial intelligence technology, promote industrial upgrading and economic growth, and expand employment demand and employment quality; We need to strengthen the supervision and management of AI technology, prevent risks and ethical issues, and maintain social stability and public interests; We need to strengthen the popularization and education of artificial intelligence technology, improve public awareness and participation, and build a good social atmosphere.
In short, in the era of artificial intelligence, college entrance examination and employment are important issues that every student must face. We should actively deal with these problems and realize the unity of personal and social values by strengthening educational reform, promoting employment development, and promoting social progress.