Transylvania returns
The Great Unification of Romania , also known as the Romanian Union , refers to a historical period in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. During this period, the three provinces of Romania, Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania, became independent and formed a united state. This is of great significance for the historical development and future of Romania.
At the end of the 19th century, Wallachia and Moldavia were vassals of the ruler Ottoman Empire. These provinces were headed by their own families of Wang, who were always loyal to the ruler rather than the people. In 1866, the ruling families of Wallachia and Moldavia were overthrown by the unified army of Romania, and a German prince became King Carol I, the first monarch of Romania. This marked Romania's emergence from Ottoman rule as an independent state.
Despite the independence of Wallachia and Moldavia, Transylvania remained part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Transylvania lived for a long time under the rule of the Kingdom of Hungary, which led to some ethnic tensions and conflicts. The Romanian nation and the international community considered Transylvania to be part of Romanian territory, but the Hungarian king always refused to cede this land. However, during World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed and the Romanian people of Transylvania began to demand independence and incorporation into Romania.
At the Congress of Albajuria on November 1, 1918, the Romanian people of Transylvania declared their independence and joined the borders of Romania. This historic event became known as the Great Unification.
As a result of the great unification, Romania became a united state with a full territory and people. At the same time, Romania became a multi-ethnic country, and the people of Victoria also had a greater say in the decision-making of Parliament. By working together, all ethnic and social groups have achieved genuine reconciliation and cooperation and moved forward together.
In short, the great unification of Romania marked the beginning of a new era in the history and national development of the country. Today, Romania remains a pluralistic society with a rich historical and cultural heritage, and victories during this period are of great importance to Romania's national and historical significance.
Vienna ruling: Weak countries have no diplomacy
The Vienna Ruling is a historical event that took place after the end of the First World War on December 9, 1918. This ruling determined the borders of Poland and Czechoslovakia, as well as the territories acquired by Romania in World War I. The Vienna ruling tried to balance the interests of the great powers, but its results gave rise to new controversies and strife.
Romania chose to support the Entente during World War I, hoping to expand its territory by entering the war. In 1916, Romania entered the war and fought against Austria-Hungary, first with some victory, but then gradually defeated and suffered heavy losses. Finally, in November 1918, Romania declared an armistice.
Soon after, Hermann Göring and Werner vanckmann were said to have negotiated a peace plan for Germany, in which reference was made to the redrawing of Europe's borders. This scheme was adopted by the later Vienna Group and became a reality by the Vienna ruling on 9 December 1918. This ruling delimited the territories acquired by Romania in the Entente and provided not only for the territorial division of Austria-Hungary, but also for Czechoslovakia and Poland.
Although Romania acquired some territory, in the Vienna ruling, Romania's territory between Bukovina and Kiev was ceded to Soviet Russia, an area that the Romanian army had occupied in its own south-south and southeastern offensives. In addition, due to Romania's alliance with Russia, Romania's territory became smaller, and Romania had to cede land to the Soviet Union. This caused Romania to lose a lot of important economic resources, and also affected its national development to a certain extent.
Another point of contention in the Vienna ruling was the territorial division of the Kingdom of Hungary. The Kingdom of Hungary was divided into several independent states, including Czechoslovakia and France, but Romania insisted on its claims to Hungarian lands. In addition, the situation on the Romanian front also attracted the attention of the United States, Britain, France and other powers, which prompted the Vienna ruling to limit Romania's territorial expansion to a certain extent.
The Vienna ruling has contributed to the reshaping of the global political landscape, but its results have hardly satisfied any country. Romania argued that the ruling did not grant enough territory, while Austria-Hungary considered the ruling to be too harsh. In the end, the Vienna ruling failed to bring about substantial improvements in peace in Europe, but instead became one of the triggers for the next big war.
Involved in World War II: the wrong choice
During World War II, Romania was one of the largest oil producers in Europe, which made it the target of Nazi Germany's conquest and rule. In 1940, King Carol II of Romania abdicated and was succeeded by Mikhail, the crown prince sandwiched between Italy and Germany. Mikhail became a political entity, although he was only 18 years old, and made Ionon Theodor, Duke of Wallachia, prime minister.
Theodor's government had rapidly deteriorated relations with Germany, refusing to supply crude oil to Germany and trying to unwind Romania's economic agreement with Germany. Germany's actions against Romania gave the USSR a pretext for aggression. After the outbreak of the Soviet-German War, the Romanian government began secret deals with the Soviet Union, eventually joining the Soviet-led Allied forces on August 27, 1941. After joining the Allies, the Romanian government sent 128,000 troops to the Soviet war.
However, this decision was wrong. Although Romania and the Soviet Union established an alliance, the Soviets used the opportunity to expand their sphere of influence in Romania and occupy the Kiraya region. The German army, on the other hand, divided its internal political and economic circles into Romania in favor of the more authoritarian Duke of Taurge. In June of the same year, Germany launched a huge attack on the Soviet Union, and Romania had been semi-neutral because of the war with the Soviet army, Germany believed that Romania was supporting the Soviet Union, and on June 22, 1941, Romania invaded Romania, beginning to conquer and occupy its modern territory.
In the months that followed, Germany deported Romanian Jews and Roma to concentration camps, and then cooperated with Romania's help. The Romanian army was sent mainly to the front to help the German army against the Soviet Red Army, while also receiving Romanian resources, including oil, grain and other military supplies.
On August 23, 1944, the Romanian government decided that Germany could not win the war, turned to the Allies, and threw its troops into Allied military operations. This decision allowed the Soviet Union to get the final peak of the war and Romania to be revitalized. The Romanian army, in cooperation with the Soviet Union, conquered the large German forces that had infiltrated the territory of northern and eastern Romania, and recovered Craiova and the city of Iasi in the north. After this, Romania was forced to sign a voluntary subordinate agreement and surrender to the Allies.
In general, Romania's decision to enter WWII was wrong. The decision to join the Soviet Union, while seemingly profitable in the short term, eventually led to Soviet domination and destruction, as well as the decline and impoverishment of the Romanian economy.
The death of Ceausescu: upheaval
Nicolae Ceausescu was a dictator in Romania in the 20th century who ruled Romania from 1974 to 1989. He consolidated his position of power by suppressing political opposition and tightly controlling the media. However, in late 1989, a widespread popular uprising led to his eventual overthrow.
On December 16, 1989, Ceausescu spoke at a rally in the well-known Romanian city of Timisoara, when he was met with shouts and condemnation from the audience. This made him realize that his regime was in jeopardy, and he tried to control the situation during the recent demonstrations in Bucharest.
Protests and riots continued for days, but things finally erupted on December 22. Some troops and policemen in the Romanian capital, Bucharest, began to rebel and formed an alliance with the population to overthrow Ceausescu's rule. His wife Elena, Defense Minister Viorell, one of the main political supporters, and other high-ranking officials who supported him tried to defend his regime during the riot and sent troops to crush the rebels.
However, Ceausescu's actions constantly aroused the discontent and antipathy of the people. A large number of demonstrators gathered in Balachit Square and demanded his resignation. They sought support from the army, but most of the officers had surrendered and refused his request. In the end, he was forced to flee to the headquarters of a joint television station in downtown Bucharest. Here, he gave a speech on television in an attempt to regain power that had been taken away. But his speech only inflamed the anger of the rioters, who laid siege to the television building.
Ceausescu and his wife and officials tried to use force to stop the rioters, but ultimately failed. In the midst of this chaos, some Romanian soldiers and police began to turn to the demonstrators and joined the protest. Ceausescu and his wife Elena tried to flee Bucharest in the early morning of December 25, 1989, but they were arrested and immediately sentenced to death.
Ceausescu and his wife were executed within a week for their crimes of abuse, oppression and plundering of the people. His death had a huge impact on Romania, the dictatorship of Ceausescu ended, and the country regained its freedom and democracy. In the decades since, Romania has ushered in a series of changes and reforms that have become models of economy and democracy.