Guan Yu is probably the only historical figure in history who has been a general of a defeated army and can be famous for thousands of years. In 260, when Liu Chan, the lord of the Shu Han Dynasty, posthumously honored Guan Yu as the "Marquis of Zhuangmiao", in terms of the ancients' methods, Wu was not known as Zhuang, and the name and reality were known as Miao. That is to say, although Guan Yu is highly armed, his great ambition to pacify the world has not been realized, and it is actually difficult to match under the fame. In the Qing Dynasty, perhaps because the founding monarch liked to watch the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Guan Yu surpassed all the famous generals in history in one fell swoop and became a martial saint who stood side by side with the Wen sage Confucius. Then, this martial saint Guan Yunchang, his magnificent life, left his footprints in the land of China?
First of all, we want to talk about Guan Yu's birthplace, the first sentence of the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms Guan Yu", Guan Yu "Hedong Xie Ren ye", so where is this Hedong Solution today? Hedong, that is, the east side of the section of the Yellow River that is several zigzag vertical. Since the Qin Dynasty, Hedong Commandery was established on this side, and the county capital was located in Anyi (安邑, in present-day Xia County, Yuncheng, Shanxi). Guan Yu was not born in the county town, out of the county town to the west, past Linyi County, Fang is Guan Gong's hometown of Xie County (also known as Xie Liang, Xie Liang and other nicknames). The ancient rule was between Chengxi Village and Chengdong Village, eighteen miles southeast of Linjin Town, Linyi County, Shanxi, and the ruins still exist.
With Guan Gong becoming a famous brand in Shanxi, now Guan Gong's hometown has been built into a tourist attraction, and the GuanDi Temple in Xiezhou is the first place for Guan Gong fans to go. Guandi Temple is located in Xiezhou Town, Xiguan, north of the salt pond, facing The Middle Strip, was originally built in the ninth year of the Sui Kai Emperor, the middle of the continuous expansion and reconstruction, the Qing Dynasty Kangxi years a fire once burned the ancient temple to the ground, and then rebuilt and restored, and now has basically restored the original appearance of history. To the east of the Guandi Temple in Xiezhou, there is another Guandi Family Temple, located in Changping Village, more than 20 kilometers southwest of Yuncheng. According to legend, Guan Yu's parents committed suicide by throwing themselves into a well here, and posterity commemorated it, built a shrine here to worship, and built the "Guan Shengjia Temple" in the Jin Dynasty.
Picture - Overlooking Yuncheng Salt Lake
Guan Yu left his hometown and went to Zhuo County, Youzhou, where he encountered Liu Bei and Zhang Fei, and performed a story of Taoyuan Jieyi, but the fictional component was relatively large, and the original story should have been formed in the miscellaneous drama period of the Yuan Dynasty. The Sanyi Palace in Zhuozhou, Hebei, is the earliest temple dedicated to Liu Guanzhang, which appeared in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, and is still recorded in the inscription: "Zhuo Zhilou Sang had a Sanyi Temple, dedicated to Emperor Zhaolie of the Han Dynasty, and matched it with his ministers Guan Mu Hou Yu and Zhang Huan Hou Fei." ”
Guan Yu's third more important foothold is Xia Pi in Xuzhou. Xia Pi was once the capital of Han Xin, the king of Chu in the early Han Dynasty, and by the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it had become the main target of competition between Lü Bu, Liu Bei and Cao Cao. After Liu Bei killed The Xuzhou Assassin Shi Che that Cao Cao had arranged, Guan Yu sat down under Pi Xing to be too guarded, and Liu Bei himself went to Xiao Pei. Later, Cao Cao attacked Xuzhou, Liu Bei slipped away to defect to Yuan Shao, and Guan Yu was besieged on the Tushan Mountain in Xia Pi, and finally made three agreements with Cao Cao, such as the so-called surrender of Han and not to surrender Cao, and the place where the story took place was here.
However, today, Xia Pi City no longer exists, because a major earthquake in the seventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty has made the city of Xia Pi County sink into a low-lying water area. The specific location is in the northern part of Suining County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, gupi town, the ruins of the ancient city of Xiapi have been listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit.
After Guan Yu descended to Cao, he beheaded Yan Liang and wrote ugly, and after five levels and six generals, except for Yan Liang, who was more real, mostly literary fiction, and there was no longer a language here. We went straight to Guan Yu's last glorious place: Jingzhou! In the nineteenth year of Jian'an (214), during Liu Bei's expedition to the west, Pang Tongzhong was killed by an arrow, zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, and others led troops into Sichuan to support, and the remaining responsibility of the five counties of Jingzhou (南郡, Changsha County, Lingling County, Wuling County, and Guiyang County) was completely handed over to Guan Yu.
The background of the "Single Knife Society" incident in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the event that occurred a year later - Liu Bei had already taken Yizhou, so Sun Quan hoped to get Jingzhou as promised, and Liu Bei replied: after getting Liangzhou, return Jingzhou. So Sun Quan was angry, and Lu Su and Guan Yu had a single knife meeting, and the result was not happy. Sun Quan divided his troops into two routes, Lu Su led a group of troops to contain Guan Yu, and Lü Meng led a group of men and horses to prepare for an attack against southern Jingzhou.
At this time, Guan Yu was not as arrogant as in the novel, but still had a calm judgment: at that time, he had five thousand elites in his hands, known as thirty thousand to the outside world, and was ready to cross the river to launch an attack, and the target of the attack was Gan Ning's one thousand men and horses. As soon as the results were launched, Guan Yu found that Lü Meng, Sun Jiao, Pan Zhang, and Lu Su's headquarters army had parted ways. Guan Yu understood that Eastern Wu's strength was stronger than his own, so he immediately stopped crossing the river without moving his troops- later, Sun Liu's two families reached a peace agreement again, and the three counties of Jiangxia, Changsha, and Guiyang in Jingzhou were assigned to Sun Quan, and the ferry port of this incident was called: Guan Yuse! Note that from that time on, there was this name.
The Shan DaoHui incident actually represents that a major rift in Sun Liu's alliance has already appeared, and as a result, four years later, the Guan Yunchang Maicheng incident occurred. So, where is Maicheng? In the territory of Danyang City, Hubei Province, it was founded in the Spring and Autumn Period of King Chu Zhao. At present, Maicheng has long been washed away by flood erosion, and the quicksand is covered and submerged, leaving only ruins and broken walls, a section of earth wall. At that time, Guan Yu, who had lost Jingzhou and fled here, only more than three hundred people were left, and there was almost no grain stored in the city. Therefore, Lü Meng predicted that Guan Yu could only abandon the city and go, and there were only two roads to take, one was to open the door and take the main road, and this Guan Yu did not dare; the other was to take the small road north of the city, and finally Lü Meng sent Zhu Ran five thousand soldiers to ambush in the north of the city and cover up Guan Yu, then Guan Yu must go in the direction of Linfeng. Lü Meng then ordered Pan Zhang's five hundred soldiers to set up an ambush on the Linfeng Trail. As a result, everything was as Lu Meng expected.
As for the exact location of Maicheng, in the 1970s, there was a large-scale archaeological excavation, and finally the ruins of the ancient city were found in the territory of Lianghe Town, southeast of present-day Danyang City. Although it has been washed away by rain and vandalism for many years, only a 600-meter section of ruins can be identified. But it can basically be confirmed that this is the place where Guan Yu walked Maicheng.
Three kilometers northwest of The City of Dangyang, Hubei Province, the mausoleum of Guan Yu sits on the west and faces the east, facing the depressed water, the so-called Guanling. In 2006, the mausoleum has been used as an ancient tomb in the Three Kingdoms period and was included in the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. After Guan Yu was killed, Sun Quan sent Guan Yu's first rank to Cao Cao, and buried Guan Yu's body here with the rank of a prince — Cao Cao also knew how powerful it was, so he properly disposed of Guan Yu's head, he carved the body of agarwood, buried Guan Yu in the fifteen miles south of Luoyang City with the courtesy of a prince, and built a temple to sacrifice. During the Ming Dynasty, this place was built as a Guanlin, and in the Qianlong Dynasty, it was expanded according to the palace model, making it the only ancient classic building in China where the tombs, temples and forests are integrated, and now it has become a 4A-level tourist attraction. In this regard, the folk left eight words, saying that Guan Laoye "rested his head on Luoyang, and his body was trapped in the yang."
As for the Guanling tomb on the Dangyang side, during the Southern Song Dynasty, a shrine was built in front of the tomb, and the Yuan Dynasty people helped him build tomb doors and tomb passages. The Ming Dynasty completed the group building and officially named it. The Qing Tongzhi Emperor left a golden plaque with the imperial pen "Wei Zhen Huaxia" here. Today, it is also a national key cultural relics protection unit. Therefore, it can be said that Guan Lao ye is really defeated.