【Chairman Mao's Comments on Guan Yu of Famous Generals of Past Dynasties】
Guan Yu was a famous general in the Three Kingdoms period, whether it was Masashi or Yeshi, he was a legendary figure.
Especially in the novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Guan Yu's image is tall and mighty, ranking first among the "Five Tiger Generals", with excellent martial arts, righteousness and thin clouds, Cao Cao said admiringly: "The emperor does not forget his roots, and the righteous soldiers in the world are also!" ”
In later generations, Guan Yu's status was constantly elevated, and he was revered as "Guan Gong" and "Wu Sheng", alongside "Wen Sheng" Confucius.
Chairman Mao has been familiar with the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" since he was a child, and he knows the characters in it very well, especially Guan Yu, who has studied it a lot, and even put forward an allusion that few people in the academic circles know: Guan Yu was not originally surnamed Guan.
One early morning in 1954, Chairman Mao was inspecting the work in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, and said to Wang Fang, a local worker accompanying him: "Is Guan Yu familiar?" ”
Wang Fang nodded.
Chairman Mao asked again: "Guan Yu is not surnamed Guan, so why don't you know it?" ”
At this point, Wang Fang was asked, guan Yu is not surnamed Guan? He had never thought about it before.
Therefore, Chairman Mao told him the story of Guan Yu's surname: Guan Gong was very moralistic, and once he was upset with his friend, and he killed someone by mistake, and then he escaped. When we arrived at Tongguan, it was less than five days ago, and the closing door had not yet opened, so Guan Yu had to wait. It was hard to wait for the switch, but Guan Yu was worried again.
Originally, at that time, the government had a regulation that all those who passed the customs had to register. Guan Yu just killed someone, the government is wanting him, surely he can no longer use his real name, what is the name to change? Guan Yu was in a hurry, looking at the tall and strict closed door, thinking to himself, I might as well close the name! This is the origin of Guan Yu's "referring to Guan as a surname".
Many historians do not know about this allusion, which shows the depth of Chairman Mao's understanding of Guan Yu.
Chairman Mao's evaluation of Guan Yu actually went through a process from worship to questioning, and when he was a child, he still admired Guan Yu very much.
As early as the summer of 1917, Chairman Mao went to Anhua County, and when he was resting on the way, he was pleasantly surprised to see that on the pillar of the roadside pavilion, there was a pair of Yu Lian with Guan Yu written like this:
Liu is a brother and Zhang is a brother, and the brothers are divided into kings and subjects, and different surnames form relatives and flesh.
Wu's hatred of Wei, the hatred of loyalty and righteousness, single-handedly han jiangshan.
Chairman Mao was very pleased and immediately took out a pen and paper from his bag and copied it down. It can be seen that at this time, Chairman Mao still recognized Guan Yu very much.
In 1927, after the Autumn Harvest Uprising, due to the cruelty of the military struggle, coupled with the fact that the troops had just been established, running soldiers, deserters, subordinates disobeying their superiors, and confrontations occurred from time to time, Chairman Mao decided to establish a highly organized and disciplined unit.
One day, Chairman Mao came to Maoping, Jinggangshan, and the purpose of the trip was to find Zhang Ziqing, the commander of the three battalions. Zhang Ziqing was a general who followed Chairman Mao to participate in the Autumn Harvest Uprising, cultivated by Chairman Mao, and later became a battalion commander, but unfortunately broke up in the battle.
At that time, after waiting for several days and not waiting for Zhang Ziqing to return, some people told Chairman Mao that many of the scattered troops had returned, and zhang Ziqing had not returned for so many days, and it was likely that he had surrendered to the enemy.
After hearing this, Chairman Mao said firmly: "No, Guan Yunchang in the Three Kingdoms era lost contact with Liu Bei, and Cao Cao spent a lot of effort in order to take guan Yunchang, a major general, but once he got the news from Liu Bei, Guan Yunchang resolutely left Cao Cao, who had millions of soldiers, and after five passes, he beheaded six generals, and finally returned to Liu Bei, who was a widow, and became a beautiful talk for thousands of years." Zhang Ziqing is a cadre of our party, not as good as the ancient Guan Yunchang? ”
Later, Zhang Ziqing really returned with the troops, Chairman Mao shook his hand, had mixed feelings, and said excitedly: "Ziqing, I will say that you are the contemporary Guan Yunchang!" At that time, Guan Yun walked a single ride for thousands of miles, passed five levels and slashed six generals, and returned to Liu Bei's side, and today your divine soldiers descended from heaven, lifted the siege of Chaling, and returned to our side! ”
After Chiang Kai-shek launched the third encirclement and suppression campaign, Jinggangshan fell into difficulty, and Chairman Mao decided to pull his troops to the outskirts of Jinggangshan, open up a new base area, and let the Fifth Red Army stay at Jinggangshan.
At that time, the commander of the Fifth Red Army was General Manager Peng, but the post of chief of staff was vacant, and Chairman Mao said to General Peng: "The Red Fourth Army is leaving, but we have left you a general, and he is Zhang Ziqing!" This 'half' Huangpu sheng is not simple, you give him a Green Dragon Crescent Moon Knife, a wind-chasing horse, he can transform into Guan Yunchang, who has passed five levels and slashed six generals! ”
After Mr. Peng listened, he clapped his hands and applauded, and laughed: "Well, if you leave such a Guan Yun chief behind, why worry about not being able to guard the mountain?" ”
At the critical juncture of the revolutionary struggle, Chairman Mao used the analogy of Guan Yunchang when deciding on the generals of important posts in our army, which shows that in his mind, Guan Yu is indeed a trustworthy general.
However, Chairman Mao did not blindly admire Guan Yu, and later pointed out many of his shortcomings.
In 1947, Chairman Mao led a team to northern Shaanxi, and during a day off, Chairman Mao chatted with the guards and asked him where he was from, and the guards said, "Report Chairman, I am from Hebei." ”
Chairman Mao smiled and said, "Hebei people, good, follow the party to make a revolution." ”
The guard proudly said, "The people of Hebei will win the battle!" ”
Chairman Mao smiled and said to him, "The people of Hebei will definitely win the battle?" During the Three Kingdoms period, the famous hebei generals Yan Liang and Wen Ugly did not ask guan Yunchang of Shanxi to kill him! ”
When the guards heard this, they were very unconvinced, and said: "Shanxi people are not necessarily able to do it, Guan Yunchang is not as good as Boss Peng, Guan Yunchang went to Maicheng and lost the battle, but Boss Peng is three battles and three victories!" ”
After Chairman Mao heard this, he even praised him and said to the guards: "Guan Yunchang is inferior to our Boss Peng." ”
In fact, in addition to Guan Yunchang's departure from Maicheng, Chairman Mao even looked down on another shortcoming of him, that is, he would not do united front work.
In January 1941, after the outbreak of the Anhui Incident in southern Anhui, many people were indignant and advocated retaliation against Chiang Kai-shek, but Chairman Mao, out of consideration for the overall situation of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, disagreed with everyone's opinions, and also gave guan Yu's example, saying: "Although Guan Yu has passed five levels and beheaded six generals, and has threatened Huaxia, he is arrogant and arrogant. ...... When Sun Quan sent Zhuge Jin to propose marriage to Guan Yu's daughter for his son, in order to marry Qin and Jin and jointly fight Cao Cao, Guan Yu was furious, saying: Wuhu's daughter An ken marries a dog! Don't look at the face of RuDi, behead Ru immediately! More on that. Zhuge Jin hugged his head and flew away. Sun Quan then captured Jingzhou, and Sun Liu's alliance collapsed. ”
It can be seen that Chairman Mao was very calm in his view of the incident in southern Anhui, and he was well aware that the biggest problem at present was to resist Japan, and it was necessary to do a good job in the united front as much as possible and better resist the enemy instead of avenging the Kuomintang reactionaries.
In 1949, when chairman Mao talked about the Suiyuan issue, he told the person in charge of the North China Bureau: "The reason why the Qing Dynasty was able to rule China for more than 260 years was because the Manchu rulers formulated a united front policy from the very beginning, uniting the majority with the minority with Han Chinese and other ethnic minorities. Guan Yunchang in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" generally does not understand the united front, this person is not smart, and he treats the Allies with closed door doctrine. ”
After the founding of New China, Chairman Mao basically took a negative attitude toward Guan Yu, and often told cadres at all levels about the example of Guan Yu "walking in Maicheng" to remind cadres at all levels to be modest and cautious and never be proud and complacent.
【Chairman Mao's Comments on the Series of Famous Generals of past dynasties】Published articles——
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