He officially ascended the throne at the age of 8 and became pro-government at the age of 14, and his reign lasted for 61 years, becoming the longest-reigning emperor in China's thousand-year history.
He was the fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the second emperor Kangxi after the Qing Dynasty established its capital in Beijing, and when he ascended the throne as a teenager, he began to fight wits and courage with various rebels in the deep palace since he was a child.
It was not until he eradicated the traitors and pro-government that he began to implement his great ambitions, forbid land enclosures, reclaimed wasteland, and exempted money and grain, and began to vigorously revitalize the country, because because of his martial arts, China's many ethnic groups were unified, and the prosperity of the "Kang Qian prosperous era" appeared.
The reason why Kangxi was able to stand out among many emperors and become a legendary figure was not only because he began to calm wars, recover Taiwan, and resist Tsarist Russia from a young age.
It is also because of his love of science since he was a child, and he has left a strong mark on the development of science in the history of China for thousands of years.
Knowing the small things, having a unique insight
Since the controversy over the astronomical calendar in his youth, Kangxi has left a yearning and longing for science in his heart.
Above the court, many ministers faced this sudden new knowledge, cowering and showing extreme mediocrity, and Kangxi also lamented that he could not do anything.
In the scientific debate between Yang Guangxian and Nanhuai Ren, the wise Kangxi discovered that mathematics was the key to determining their victory or defeat.
After coming to this conclusion, Kangxi began to study mathematics like a dream, and many ministers at that time only knew that they wanted to learn arithmetic, but they didn't know why?
When he was young, Kangxi witnessed the discord between the Han officials of Qin Tianjian and the Westerners, and began to attack each other, and in the face of the minister's act of measuring the shadow of the sun, not only no one in the Nine Qing, but even Kangxi himself could not think about it.
Because of this, he began to learn how to use geometry from the Belgian missionary Nan Huairen, and Kangxi studied it painstakingly until Nan Huairen's death.
Later, in order to better learn arithmetic, Kangxi successively studied with French missionary Zhang Cheng and others, and created good and comfortable conditions for them.
In addition, in order to facilitate the missionaries to communicate with themselves more smoothly, he specially arranged for the missionaries to go to the Internal Affairs Office to learn Manchu and Chinese, while Kangxi studied Latin alone.
It was also through the mutual efforts of both sides that he soon systematically studied Euclid's Primitive Geometry and Batis's Practical and Theoretical Geometry.
In addition, Kangxi not only learned mathematical knowledge himself, but also spread the knowledge, training a large number of China's own mathematicians.
In his later years, he established the "Arithmetic Museum" in Beijing, and with the help and support of Kangxi, Mei Yucheng and others compiled mathematical books such as "The Essence of Mathematics and Theory" for future generations to study.
In addition to mathematics, Kangxi was very interested in medicine from an early age, and with the arrival of missionaries, he began to develop a strong interest in Western medical students.
A thousand words are not worth his own experience, and the reason why Kangxi was so interested in Western medicine was also because of his own experience.
When he was forty years old, he suffered from malaria once, and just when the ministers and medical officials of the DPRK had no idea what to do, French missionaries at this time offered a special medicine called cinchona.
Kangxi recovered shortly after taking it, and from then on, Kangxi began to carry the drug with him just in case.
When malaria was rampant in the Qing Dynasty, in addition to widely promoting cinchona, Kangxi would often personally diagnose and prescribe medicine for ministers in order to test whether he had achieved success in his studies.
And Kangxi also left a color of its own in medicine, in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, because smallpox caused many people to have red acne on their faces, and in order to prevent reinfection with smallpox, Kangxi developed the use of acne scabs ground into powder and blown into the nose to prevent reinfection.
Although this method has a long history, it has not been popularized, and the reason why many people among them are skeptical of this method.
However, Kangxi, as the king of a country, resolutely implemented it by using his rights in order to protect more people, and finally achieved good results.
After learning arithmetic and astronomy, Kangxi began to draw inferences from one case and developed a deep understanding of geography.
He learned to use measuring instruments, and since then, Qianlong has used measuring instruments to begin to measure local geomorphology, hydrology, soil and other conditions whenever he goes to a place.
Kangxi also applied this technique to the battlefield, and during the march with Gardan, Kangxi used measuring instruments to measure the geology of the places he passed.
During his more than 60 years of rule, he spent a total of several decades using walking carts and horses to survey and map the vast territory of the Qing Dynasty, and finally drew the "Kangxi Emperor's Comprehensive Map", which also allowed future generations to know how vast the Qing Dynasty was during the "Kang Qian Dynasty".
The West is learning from the East, and contradictions are frequent
At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi contributed a great step to the development of science throughout Chinese history with his own efforts.
With the recognition of science and technology by Western missionaries and the ruling class of the imperial dynasty, it was a great trend in science, but why did science stop developing after Kangxi?
The development and transformation of science and technology in modern China has always been inseparable from Western science and technology, which is also known as "learning from the West and learning from the East" by later generations.
The reason is that during the reign of Kangxi, although science and technology were vigorously developed and progressed, the rule of the Qing Dynasty after Kangxi gradually became conservative.
Since the Kangxi Dynasty, successive dynastic rulers have vigorously banned missionary activities in order to unify their thinking.
During this period, many missionaries were not expelled, and even more so they were brutally persecuted by officials, and there were many wrongful convictions at one time.
Seeing this, many missionaries began to flee everywhere, and for a time there were no missionaries coming, and the Qing Dynasty was cut off from the outside world.
Freezing three feet is not a day's cold, and the gap between the Qing Dynasty and the missionaries, in addition to the measures of the later dynasties, actually created a gap as early as the Kangxi Dynasty.
In the early Kangxi period, missionaries were allowed to carry out missionary activities in the Qing Dynasty, but because of the "dispute over rites" between the two in the later period, it became the trigger for the rupture of the two.
At the beginning of the missionaries' entry into the Qing Dynasty, Matteo Ricci originally advocated advocating Chinese etiquette, but there were contradictions among Western missionaries, believing that as missionaries, they should pay attention to spreading Western etiquette.
In the twentieth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Bishop Yan Dang, who served as Vicarator of the Pontifical Administration, began to arrive in China on a large scale under the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and because of this, the contradiction between Eastern etiquette and Western etiquette was also stimulated.
As the ruler of the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi initially adhered to the principle of treating the Western missionary Doro with courtesy, and in order to be able to discuss a solution with the Western missionary, Kangxi not only cared for him, but also took care of him after his illness.
I thought that such an act would allow the conflict between the two sides to be resolved safely, but unexpectedly, a story of a farmer and a snake occurred.
After recovering from his illness, Doro had not yet reached Rome, and when he arrived in Nanjing, he ordered that Chinese liturgy be officially ruled a heretical religious activity and strictly forbidden it.
When Kangxi learned of this, he was angry, and in the face of such provocative behavior of the missionaries, Kangxi immediately expelled many missionaries on the grounds of disrespecting Chinese etiquette.
After this incident, although the Kangxi Emperor had strictly banned religion, he still tolerated the Western studies brought by the Jesuits.
Even Kangxi, in order to reconcile the contradictions with the Jesuits, did not hesitate to personally send Bai Jin and others to Rome to meet the Pope and discuss with him to find a compromise method.
Kangxi's move was not a recognition of Jesuit doctrine, but a very simple and clear recognition of Western science and technology.
However, with the great changes in Middle-earth, the establishment of the autocratic imperial dynasty of the Manchus as rulers, coupled with the Holy See's arbitrary prohibition of Chinese believers from sacrificing their ancestors, the clerical power dispute between Kangxi and the Pope eventually led to the prohibition of the spread of Catholicism, and the pace of learning from the West and the East came to an end.
Fishing for the moon in the water, there is nothing to be gained
In the late Kangxi period, in order not to be controlled by outsiders, he began to pay attention to the cultivation of localized Han people and scholars.
Because of his attitude towards king's landing and science, coupled with the dispute over foreign etiquette, it eventually led to a break with the Jesuits, thus missing the transformation and progress of modern Chinese science.
Many people will think that the scientific understanding and knowledge left by the hardships left by Kangxi's reign have not improved modern Chinese science a little?
In the long river of history, everyone is just a drop in the ocean, and the experience left by everyone will eventually be consumed by time.
The spread of the Western church did not usher in liberation after the Kangxi "restriction of religion" to "prohibition of religion", but was strictly banned by the Yongzheng Emperor, and until Qianlong, it used different methods to policy banning religion.
The spread and prohibition of the church, on the one hand, strengthened the rule of the royal family, but it was undoubtedly a small mistake.
With the ban on missionaries, many advanced Western science and theories were also isolated from the Qing dynasty.
Although Kangxi was far-sighted and loved science, he was still a ruler and had to defend his imperial prestige and rights, which was why Western science could not spread and develop well in the Qing Dynasty.
In addition, the research and respect of science in subsequent dynasties has always been in a state of disregard, which also led to the science of the Qing Dynasty being strangled in the cradle and unable to promote the development and progress of science.
The development of science and technology is people-oriented, and it does not depend on everyone's dissemination and efforts to promote its progress, so although Kangxi single-handedly led many ministers and people to understand science, such ideas did not spread among them, so it led to the inability of Kangxi to promote the development of science throughout China.