Text/Qianping reading history
Editor/Qianping read history
preface
On May 29, the first year of Hongxi, the Hongxi Emperor Zhu Gaozhi died suddenly, and the palace of the Ming Dynasty was in chaos-
Obviously, Zhu Gaochi was still dealing with government affairs two days ago. Just overnight, he became very ill. Before the imperial physician discovered the cause, His Majesty Long Yubintian, who was weak and sickly but abnormally obese. #Challenge 30 days to write a diary in the headlines#
The cause of Zhu Gaozhi's death has always been varied, some people say that he died of a sudden heart attack; Others say he was murdered.
Instead of caring about the mystery of the cause of Zhu Gaozhi's death, it is better to pay attention to his historical achievements. What did he do in his career of less than a year on the throne that led to his fame and posthumous title of "Ren"?
→ Crown Prince's thrilling career ↓
Most emperors and generals in history were born with visions. Most of these visions were appendages of posterity to prove the extraordinary nature of this person. Although Akihito Emperor Zhu Gaoji is no exception.
It is said that before Zhu Gaozhi was born, his mother Xu dreamed of a man wearing a crown and holding a gui worshipping her. Such a strange dream seemed to indicate that the child in his belly was born.
However, this naturally supernatural child is not welcomed by his father, Judy.
Such a eldest son who had no achievements in martial arts and was even called useless, Zhu Di followed Zhu Yuanzhang to fight the world, which made Zhu Di feel dissatisfied.
→ on the other hand, Zhu Di's second son, Zhu Gaoxu, was tall, burly, strong in martial arts, and had many battle achievements, which was exactly the same as Zhu Di when he was young.
→ in the Battle of Jingjian, Zhu Gaoxu rescued Zhu Di many times in times of crisis, changing the direction of the war and making Zhu Di feel that his career had sustenance.
In addition to Zhu Gaoxu, Zhu Gaoxu also has to face a strong opponent, that is, his third brother Zhu Gaoxu.
Zhu Gaoxiao is Zhu Di's youngest son and has a wild and unruly personality. Although he is not as conspicuous as Zhu Gaoxu, he is Judy's favorite son. Relying on Zhu Di's favor, Zhu Gaoxu was also secretly plotting to seize the position of crown prince.
→ Zhu Gaoji was established as the son of Yan in the 28th year of Hongwu to the accession of Yongle to the throne in the 22nd year of Yongle, and in the 29-year career of the crown prince, he has been guarding the threat of the two brothers seizing power.
In the Battle of Puzikou, in the fourth year of Jianwen, Zhu Di was defeated by the Southern Army. However, his son Zhu Gaoxu arrived in time to help him turn the situation around and eventually emerge victorious.
Zhu Di was very moved, and he caressed Zhu Gaoxu's back, saying that he would make him a prince in the future.
However, when Zhu Di ascended the throne, he faced pressure from his ancestors and courtiers, and could only reluctantly appoint his eldest son Zhu Gaoji as the crown prince.
According to the system of the Ming Dynasty, once the crown prince was established, the other princes had to go to the fiefdom.
→But Zhu Gaoxu was reluctant to leave the capital. Zhu Di granted him permission to stay, and gave him treatment far superior to that of ordinary princes, sometimes even overpowering the crown prince.
In the 13th year of → Yongle, Zhu Di changed Zhu Gaoxu's fief to Qingzhou, but Zhu Gaoxu was still unwilling to take the domain. Instead, he secretly recruited private armed forces and traveled in royal chariots. The heart of rebellion is palpable.
Zhu Di
Wave after wave, a few years later, Zhu Gaoxiao also launched an attack on the imperial throne.
Zhu Di's preference for Zhu Gaoxiao is obvious. Two years after Yongle, Zhu Gaoxao was named King of Zhao. Zhu Di not only did not force him to become a vassal, but also ordered him to stay in Beijing and accompanied Zhu Di all the time.
In the twenty-first year of Yongle, Zhu Di was seriously ill, and Zhu Gaoxiao's close followers led by Meng Xian, who commanded Meng Xian, planned to poison Zhu Di, forged the edict, and supported Zhu Gaoxiao as emperor.
The palace people knew about this conspiracy and reported it to Zhu Di. Zhu Di asked Zhu Gaoxiao to inquire about this. Zhu Gaoxian was trembling, sweaty, and speechless. This time, Zhu Gaoxiao was still pleading and tried his best to defend Zhu Gaoxiao.
Zhu Gaoxiao believed that the rebellion was Zhu Gaoxiao's subordinates who made their own efforts to establish a puppet emperor in order to control the government and stir up trouble. Zhu Gaoxiao was not only the first evil person, but also the victim who was kept in the dark.
This reason convinced Zhu Di that Zhu Di had always preferred Zhu Gaoxiao, so Zhu Gaoxiao could retreat in the case of rebellion. However, Zhu Gaoxiao's accusation that his supervision subordinates were invalid could not be clarified, and he could only withdraw.
The two brothers withdrew from the battle for the crown prince one after another, and Zhu Gaozhi, who had been the crown prince for nearly twenty years, finally breathed a sigh of relief.
In August of the following year, Zhu Di, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, died, and Zhu Gaoxu also ended his thrilling career as a crown prince and ascended the throne as emperor, named Emperor Mingrenzong.
→ six degrees of supervision of the country, four levels and eight stability↓
→ Zhu Gaozhi was able to have the last laugh in the battle for power for power mainly for several reasons: ↓
First, Zhu Gaoji was Zhu Di's eldest son and the best candidate to inherit the throne under the patriarchal system.
Second, Zhu Gaojie was the son of King Yan personally sealed by Zhu Yuanzhang, and was once praised by Zhu Yuanzhang as "the knowledge of the king".
Third, in the Battle of Jingjian, Zhu Gaoji resisted the offensive of Li Jinglong's 500,000-strong army with 10,000 old and weak troops and preserved Zhu Di's old nest Beiping.
Fourth, Zhu Gaoji's son Zhu Zhanji was deeply loved by Zhu Di and was known as the "Good Saint Sun".
Of course, the most important point is that during Zhu Gaojie's twenty years as crown prince, he oversaw the country six times, taking care of political affairs in an orderly manner, so that Zhu Di, who was fighting abroad, was carefree.
In ancient times, there was a matter of princes overseeing the state, and the Ming Dynasty was particularly prosperous.
During the Hongwu period, Zhu Yuanzhang said to the crown prince Zhu Biao: The prince of Shoucheng was born rich, lacked experience, and rarely made mistakes in handling political affairs, so he should participate in political affairs more and accumulate experience.
Zhu Di obeyed the ancestral precepts and asked the crown prince Zhu Gaochi to supervise the country, let Zhu Gaochi participate in state affairs in advance, and set up his own management group to prepare for his future accession to the throne.
However, imperial power was supreme and unique, and Zhu Di ordered Zhu Gao to oversee the country and transfer some of the power to him, which was bound to cause a power conflict between father and son.
→ Yongle for the first time in seven years, Zhu Di ordered Zhu Gaozhi to supervise the state. Before leaving, Zhu Di announced that there was no need to report anything other than wars, sacrifices and other major events, and all this was decided by the prince.
Two months later, Zhu Gaoji simply reprimanded the greedy Shangshu Liu Guan of the Criminal Department, and was warned by Zhu Di: I personally appoint all civil and military officials. Even if you make a small mistake, you shouldn't humiliate them.
Since then, Zhu Gaochi did not dare to deal with officials at will, official appointments, and everything was reported to Zhu Di, lest Zhu Di think that he was a party for personal gain.
In the handling of national affairs, Zhu Gaochi can be described as stable and rarely makes mistakes, but even so, Zhu Di is still not satisfied, he often denies Zhu Gaozhi's political achievements, and also singles out small mistakes to show the public, making Zhu Gaochi "worried about becoming ill."
Zhu Gaoxu, who conspired to seize power, secretly allied with Zhu Gaoxu, repeatedly invoked Zhu Di, and framed close ministers around the crown prince.
Zhu Di listened to partial beliefs, suspected the prince, and arrested the officials who assisted the prince, almost leaving the prince in a helpless situation.
But even in his difficult situation, Zhu Gaojie still conscientiously performed his duties as a supervisor of the country, and the "Mingshi Renzong Benji" said: "This shows Zhu Gaozhi's ability.
In addition, Zhu Gaochi also practiced benevolent government to benefit the people. At that time, the war lasted for a long time, the world was exhausted, and disasters and wilderness were everywhere.
In the past 18 years, Zhu Gaochi had just finished his third prison in the country when he was summoned by Zhu Di to Beijing to face the saint.
On the way, he passed through Zou County and saw that men, women, and children on the side of the road were feeding on grass, and he couldn't bear it, so he quickly dismounted and distributed food.
Shandong Buzhengshi came to greet the prince, and Zhu Gaochi reprimanded: ""
Shi Zhizhong said that taxes on disaster victims have been exempted, but Zhu Gaochi said that the people cannot even afford to eat. What is the use of tax exemption? Shi Zhizhong was ordered to quickly distribute food for disaster relief.
Shi Zhizhong wanted to give each victim three buckets of food, but Zhu Gaoji insisted on six buckets per person. In order to prevent Shi Zhizhong from making it difficult to do so, Zhu Gaochi also promised that the disaster relief incident would be personally reported to Judy, and Shi Zhizhong would not be allowed to bear the crime of opening a warehouse and releasing grain without authorization.
→ because of this, the name of Zhu Gao's benevolence and righteousness spread throughout the world.
↓
Historical achievements of short-term reign
Zhu Gaozhi's benevolence and righteousness were praised in the "History of Ming": Good deeds and good governance are difficult to complete. Unfortunately, the sky is not a holiday, otherwise it may not be comparable to the "rule of Wenjing" of the Western Han Dynasty.
As stated in the "History of Ming", Zhu Gaozhi's achievements in less than a year of reign made many emperors who had been mediocre kings all their lives unmatched.
Zhu Gaozhi's main achievement was to solve the four major problems at the beginning of his accession to the throne.
First of all, Zhu Gaozhi announced the cessation of expeditions and voyages and the rest of the people.
During the reign of Zhu Di, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, many pioneering activities were carried out, but these major activities invariably consumed countless human, material and financial resources.
For example, while moving the capital to Beijing helped strengthen national defenses and prevent the invasion of northern nomads, the Ming Dynasty recruited hundreds of thousands of hard laborers and prisoners to work on the construction of Beijing.
Zheng He went to the West seven times and built the world's largest ship at that time. Each voyage forms a huge fleet of more than 100 ships, numbering more than 30,000 people, and countless treasures along the way.
In order to show off his force, Ming Chengzu sent troops to Annan four times, using hundreds of thousands of troops and spending millions of military expenses. In order to appease the people of Annan, they had to collect food for their consumption.
Zhu Di personally conquered Mongolia five times, killing 100,000 Ming troops in the north. His military expenses and salaries far exceeded those of the Annan War. As a result, the Ming Dynasty's "military reserves were lost" and almost lost their family base.
In this regard, Zhu Gaozhi's solution was to first move the capital to Nanjing, reduce the consumption of royal material transportation, then stop sailing to the Western Ocean, reduce expenses, adjust Ming-Mongolian relations, stop resting, and finally recognize Annan's independence, withdraw troops from Annan, and no longer send grain to Annan.
Second, Zhu Gaojie appeased the orphans of Jing and restored the honor of Emperor Jianwen.
After Zhu Di ascended the throne, he discredited Emperor Jianwen Zhu Yunjiang and persecuted Emperor Jianwen's courtiers. The minister Fang was unwilling to surrender, but was destroyed by Judy. The whole world thought Judy was too cruel, but he dared to be angry and did not dare to speak.
After Zhu Di's death, Zhu Gaozhi, the families of Emperor Jianwen's old ministers, who would become slaves of criminals, were released one by one, restored to civilian status, and gave them a certain living space.
He then posthumously posthumously declared Emperor Wen of Jianwen the Prince of Jianwen, recognized the legal status of the Jianwen Dynasty, praised Fang Xiaoru as a loyal courtier, and rehabilitated him.
Third, Zhu Gaochi reformed the cabinet system, which was established in the Ming Chengzu period and had only an advisory function and no decision-making power.
After Zhu Gaozhi ascended the throne, many high-ranking ministers were appointed as university scholars, and the first assistant university scholar was Zhu Gaozhi's most deserving
These ministers were made first-class officials, and through political influence, they gradually gained some decision-making power, and the cabinet became an important administrative body.
In the end, Zhu Gaochi also changed the atmosphere of officialdom and eased the relationship between monarchs and subjects.
In order to prevent flattery and arrogance from the ministers, Zhu Gaojie made a silver medallion called "Rope" and gave it to the trusted ministers around him. If the emperor's words were inappropriate, they could hear and correct their mistakes.
The courtiers often outspoken admonished the Hongwu and Yongle dynasties, but were instead killed by the monarch.
Although Zhu Gaozhi was often angered by advice, he could listen to opinions, correct mistakes, and not kill and blame ministers at will. Therefore, the monarchs and courtiers get along well and have close relations, and there is a scene of peace both inside and outside the court and the public.
In May of the first year of Hong Xi, Zhu Gaoji suddenly fell seriously ill and died at the age of forty-eight. The courtiers chose "ren" as a posthumous title for Zhu Gaoji, which means tolerance, benevolence, and benevolence to the world.
Although Emperor Mingrenzong Zhu Gaoji enjoyed the country for a short time, during his ten months of reign, he got rid of the disadvantages of the previous dynasty, restored the national economy, stabilized the national situation, perfected the political system, and created a peaceful and stable social environment.
end
Two years after Yongle, after Zhu Gaoxu was made crown prince, Zhu Gaoxu and Zhu Gaoxu secretly formed a party, waiting for the opportunity to frame the crown prince. Someone reminded Zhu Gaozhi, "Do you know that there is greed? Zhu Gaozhi's answer was very open: "I don't know, I know the duty of being a son." ”
It was this magnanimous tolerance that allowed Zhu Gaochi to dodge countless guns and arrows and stand in the position of Crown Prince in crisis. When the two brothers are in crisis, he is also willing to lend a helping hand and help his enemies out of trouble.
During his reign, Zhu Gaozhi's benevolence was not an empty slogan, and during his reign, he implemented a series of policies conducive to people's livelihood, such as reducing the burden of taxation, setting up workhouses, and building water conservancy, which won the support of the people. He also respected academics, recruited talents, and vigorously developed cultural education, which made the cultural prosperity of that time reach an unprecedented level.
Zhu Gaojie's benevolence is also reflected in his attitude towards political opponents. He never resented those who had framed him, but gave them leniency and forgiveness. He once said: "In life, I don't care how many people I offend, and I don't care about those who offend me." ”
Zhu Gaojie's benevolence eventually led to his success. After the death of Ming Chengzu, Zhu Gaoji successfully ascended the throne and became Emperor Mingrenzong. During his reign, he continued to promote benevolent government, making Ming society more harmonious and stable.
Zhu Gaozhi's story tells us. In today's society, we also need to adhere to the way of benevolence and virtue like Zhu Gaozhi to make our society better.
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