Video loading...
How can man and water coexist? The mighty Huai River, with the answer to this thousand-year-old question.
For thousands of years, the water of the Huai River has been frequently damaged. Zhihuai, starting from Dayu, has made efforts in successive dynasties, but the history of all parts of Huai has left a record of "thousands of villages and thousands of households cutting off cooking smoke".
Since the Central People's Government made the "Decision on the Governance of the Huai River" in 1950, the Communist Party of China has led the people on both sides of the Huai River to devote themselves to ann lan for more than 70 years.
From "resisting floods" at the beginning of the founding of New China to "managing floods" after the reform and opening up, and then to seeking "harmonious coexistence between man and water" in the new era, the people of Huaihe River have continuously changed their destiny and explored the way of harmonious coexistence between man and water in the process of overcoming floods and rebuilding mountains and rivers.
Fighting water
From fleeing from the countryside to getting up to fight the water, 93-year-old Li Xiuying still remembers the situation by the Huai River 71 years ago.
At that time, the flood was the biggest disaster. In 1950, when the Huai River was flooded and the embankment collapsed, Li Xiuying's family fled to the hill outside the village and stayed up for dozens of days.
The flood of the Huai River tightened the hearts of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman Mao Zedong.
A telegram from Anhui said: This year's water potential is so great that it has suffered a disaster unprecedented in a hundred years. Due to the fierceness of the water, there are more than 9.9 million people who have been bitten by poisonous snakes in trees or who have capsized on boats.
When Chairman Mao saw that "many villages were sunk by the whole village" in the materials, and the survivors "hugged their heads and cried more", tears flowed.
In the next two months, Chairman Mao gave four instructions on the management of the Huai River. On October 14, 1950, under the circumstance that New China was in ruins and industries was waiting to be rebuilt, the Central People's Government made the Decision on the Governance of the Huai River. In the spring of the following year, Chairman Mao issued an order that "the Huai River must be repaired."
This is the first major river in New China to be comprehensively and systematically managed.
At the sound of an order, the mountains called the sea.
Wang Huzhen, a well-known water conservancy expert, sent his son away to resist US aggression and aid Korea, and went directly from the classroom to the Zhihuai construction site. Two divisions of the People's Liberation Army had just returned from the battlefield filled with gun smoke and went to the most arduous reservoir site in the Dabie Mountains.
In the first year of Zhihuai, 3 million migrant workers went to the construction site, and Li Xiuying was one of them, "I also made up my mind not to escape, and fight with the water!" ”
Li Xiuying, who was in her early twenties, organized a women's commando team on the construction site, carrying soil for half a day to crush four flat shoulders, and her shoulders were swollen like steamed buns every day. Before going to work, they repeatedly pressed their shoulders with logs until they were numb and energetically went to the "battlefield".
In order to complete the project a day earlier, the personnel slept on the muddy ground of the construction site for several months; everyone shouted the trumpet to hold back their hunger; in the absence of tools, many people split the only door panel in the house that blocked the wind...
Relying on shovels, shovels, baskets and wheelbarrows, they completed about 190 million cubic meters of earthworks in eight months.
The Xinhua reporter who interviewed Zhihuai at that time made an analogy: If these soils were built into earthen walls with a height and width of 1 meter each, the length could be roughly 5 weeks around the equator.
Since the founding of New China, the State Council has successively held 12 meetings on the administration of Huaihuai. More than 6,300 reservoirs of various types have been built in the Huai River Basin, 63,000 kilometers of various embankments have been built and reinforced, and a flood prevention and mitigation system has been basically established.
In 1951, as a model representative of agricultural labor, Li Xiuying was invited to attend the Third Session of the First National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and met Chairman Mao. Learning that Li Xiuying was a model of governance, Mao Zedong took the book in her hand and signed it for her.
In the years that followed, Li Xiuying always took this signature with her. The yellowed notebook bears witness to the original intention of New China to fight water for the people and the courage of the people to fight water.
Tame water
On May 31, 1964, at the age of 42, Huang Changdong left the construction site of his dreams and closed his eyes forever. What was left to the Huai River were his 41 suggestions for a "heavenly river on earth."
"I hope that the water will not come, and I hate the water and water and not go." A folk proverb breaks the complex feelings of the children of the Huai River about water, poor in water, trapped in water, how to make water used by people?
The "Heavenly River on Earth" that Huang Changdong had in mind came for "taming water".
It is called Shu Shi Hang, is the largest irrigation area built after the founding of New China, it spans the Huai River, the Yangtze River two major river basins, through the hub project, the water of the five major reservoirs built to control the Huai River to the hilly high hills, for the Jianghuai land "quenching thirst".
In the picture, satellite remote sensing picture coordinator: Zhang Ziyun; data collaboration: Anhui Data and Application Center of High-resolution Earth Observation System
On August 19, 1958, after several months of severe drought, the construction of The History Hang project was officially started, and Huang Changdong came to the headquarters to engage in planning work. He worked more than 18 hours a day and ran to every corner of the irrigation district. Like Dayu, he crossed the door three times and did not enter until he collapsed on the construction site.
From planning and design to surveying and lofting, the work of the 1,000-person surveying and mapping team took only 4 months to complete.
In 1972, the main project of The 14-year-old Shihang was basically completed and connected to the water.
After successive improvements, what is now unfolding in front of the world is a "long vine knotted melon" type irrigation system composed of 25,000 kilometers of seven-level fixed channels, more than 60,000 canal system buildings, more than 1,200 small and medium-sized anti-regulation reservoirs and more than 210,000 pond weirs.
Four irrigation systems have been built on the Huai River, and the area of irrigation has increased from less than 15 million mu in the 1950s to 136 million mu, and the barren land of "ten years and nine droughts" has become today's large granary.
200 kilometers north from the Huaishihang junction is the bank of the Huai River. On the flat ground is the unique form of residence along the Huai- Zhuangtai.
This is Liantai Zhuangtai, Duantai Village, Gaotai Township, Funan County. (Drone photo, taken by Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Nuo on March 12)
For many years, the people in the "water pocket" of the Huai River have repeated "water into people retreating" and "water retreating into people". Because of this, the economic development of Zhuangtai is lagging behind, and the living environment is poor, "mud stools, mud walls, in addition to mud, there is no home." ”
The problems caused by water are solved from the water, and "taming water" has become a new way for Zhuangtai people to get rid of poverty.
Seven years ago, Liu Xiaoni, a "post-80s" girl, quit her job as a bank clerk and came to Gaotai Township, Funan County, to participate in local poverty alleviation work. In the process of visiting the village, she found that every household used baskets of willow weaving along huai, but it could only be used to support their families. With the help of Liu Xiaoni and other poverty-alleviation cadres, the villagers expanded production, made willow weaving into handicrafts, and sold them to all parts of the country or even across the ocean, and one small family business after another was connected into a large industry. At the same time, Zhuangtai in various places expanded many water-friendly agriculture and "panned for gold" from the water.
Liu Xiaoni conducted research in the willow weaving processing enterprise in Gaotai Township, Funan County. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Junxi on March 12)
The control of the flood demon in Huaihuai has brought "water dividends" to the sons and daughters of the HuaiHe River, and all the key counties in Anhui's 13 national poverty alleviation and development work along the Huai river will be lifted out of poverty in 2020.
Hydrophilic
On the bank of the Huai River, the Black Oxzui Water Ecological Park, at the pole, Jingtu Ershan stands majestically. More than 4,000 years ago, legend has it that dayu split the mountain to guide Huaihuai here; near the eye, the water surface of the Huai River is sparkling, and the Bengbu Gate with its 40-hole temperance gate looks like a giant dragon.
Originally a desolate river beach, this water ecological garden is now covered with lush trees and herons and finches. Liu Bo, director of the Bengbu Gate Engineering Management Office, told reporters that in the future, a "fish road" will be built to pass under the park for fish to migrate.
Make way for the fish, and make way for the water.
Since 2003, along the Huaihe River, Anhui, Jiangsu and other places to carry out the relocation of residents in the flood storage area and huaigantan area, and gradually relocated more than 870,000 people in the "water pocket" to safe areas, and also carried out the ecological functions of the flood storage area.
This is a resettlement site for residents of the Zhuangtai Relief and Downsizing Project located in Huaishang Community, Wangjiaba Town, Funan County, Anhui Province. (Drone photo, taken by Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhou Mu on October 16, 2020)
Cui Li, secretary of the Funan County Party Committee, said that after so many years of "entanglement" with water, the sons and daughters of the Huaihe River have gradually found a proper position to coexist with water, "this is to respect nature and give way to water; to give way out of water, people have a way to live; take into account development, harmony between people and water." ”
Once upon a time, Zhu Huaihai, a resident of Zhuangtai, drove a water pump to drain his crops, and the water of the Huai River had become an important partner for him to get rich — the tens of thousands of hemp ducks he raised swam in the water, and thousands of acres of lotus fields were waiting for the growth of the new year.
"Deep water fish, shallow water lotus, mudflats plant willows, ducks and geese swim upstream, cattle and sheep walk everywhere..." Today, the two banks of the Huai River have changed from "planting land" to "planting water".
This is a bumper rice field in Balihe Town, Yingshang County, Fuyang City, Anhui Province. (Drone photo, taken by Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhou Mu on October 8, 2020)
Yang Feng, deputy director of the Huaihe Water Conservancy Committee of the Ministry of Water Resources, introduced that focusing on the "14th Five-Year Plan", the Huaihe River Basin will continue to take flood control safety as the bottom line of safe development, further optimize the allocation of water resources, and rely on backbone rivers and water transmission trunk lines to plan and build water ecological corridors with good water ecology and beautiful water environment, meet the people's needs for high-quality life, and help the high-quality development of the river basin.
For more than 70 years, the fate of the people along huai'an lan has been united in this great river, and "Huai" has held the symbiotic answer of China's respect for nature, ecological priority and green development.
Text reporters: Liu Jing, Chen Nuo, Chen Shangying, Shui Jinchen, Liu Meizi
Photojournalists: Liu Xijun, Chen Nuo, Huang Bohan, Zhou Mu
Video reporters: Dai Wei, Qu Yan
Editors: Wang Wei, Leng Yanyan
It is jointly produced by Xinhua News Agency and Anhui Branch of Xinhua News Agency