The Han people have a darkest moment in history close to the extinction of the extinction, but on the Internet there have been rumors that the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are absurd and beautiful, in the chaos between the strong Han and the Sheng Tang for more than 400 years, absurdity is quite absurd, beautiful but not necessarily, once the Han Dynasty passed, a long period of chaos began in history, the longest period of division and the most frequent change of power in Chinese history, mountains and rivers were broken, life was burned, people were like grass mustard, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties were the end of this chaotic era.
Southern dynasties
The Southern Dynasty (420~589) is the collective name of the four orthodox dynasties established by the Han in Chinese history, the upper Chengdong Jin Dynasty and the lower Sui Dynasty, and confronted the five regimes established by the Hu people in the north, a total of 24 emperors, lasting 169 years.
"Liu Song"
Liu Yu, the founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, was an emerging power that developed in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was victorious in the struggle against the four major families of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and in 420 he deposed Emperor Jin and proclaimed himself emperor, with the state name Song. To distinguish it from the Song Dynasty established by Zhao Kuangyin, historians often refer to it as "Liu Song".
Emperor Wudi of Song Liu Yu, character Deyu, nicknamed Slave. His ancestral home is Suiyuli, Pengcheng County, Pengcheng County, and he was born in Jingkouli, Dantu County, Jinling County. An outstanding statesman, reformer and military strategist from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the founding monarch of the Liu and Song dynasties of the Southern Dynasty.
Liu Yu was poor since childhood, and later joined the Beifu Army as a general. Beginning in the third year of Emperor Long'an of Jin (399), he suppressed the Sun En uprising, eliminating Huan Chu, Western Shu, Lu Xun, Liu Yi, Sima Xiuzhi and other separatist and rebellious forces, resulting in a unified situation in the south that had not been seen in a century; Externally, he eliminated the Southern Yan, Later Qin and other states, submitted to Qiu Chi, and then broke the Northern Wei Iron Horse with the Moon Array, recovered Huaibei, Shandong, Henan, and Guan, and recaptured the capitals of Luoyang and Chang'an. With his great military merits, he was able to take over the military and political power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, pay homage to Xiangguo and Yangzhou Mu, and be crowned King of Song.
In the first year of the Yongchu Dynasty (420), Liu Yu established himself as the Jin dynasty, and established the capital Jiankang, with the national name "Song". During his reign, he drew lessons from the tyranny of the former dynasty clan and coerced the masters, strengthened the centralization of power, curbed mergers, implemented land divisions, rectified the rule of officials, reused the cold people, revitalized education, and repeatedly sent envoys to visit the people for hardship, lightly dispensed with the poor endowments, abolished harsh laws, improved the social situation, ended the era of gate valve dictatorship, and laid the political pattern of the Southern Dynasty's "cold people in charge." He made significant contributions to the economic development of Jiangnan, the protection and development of Han culture, and opened up the most extensive period of the Six Dynasties of Jiangzuo, laying a solid foundation for the "Reign of Yuan Jia". Mingren Li Xianzhi praised him as "the king of chaos and prosperity".
In the third year of the Yongchu Dynasty (422), Liu Yu planned to conquer Northern Wei, but before he could leave the army, he died of illness at the age of sixty. Temple number Gaozu, nicknamed Emperor Wu, was buried in the Chuning Mausoleum.
In 422, Emperor Wudi of Song Liu Yu died, and Emperor Shao of Song and Emperor Wen of Song ascended the throne one after another. Among them, during the thirty years of the reign of Emperor Wen, Liu Yilong, eradicated strong ministers, made the clan in charge of the imperial government, and at the same time appointed the Shi clan and the Han people to participate in the imperial government, so that the Wen Emperor had a balance between the clan office, the Shi clan, and the Han Sect, on this basis, Emperor Wen continued to implement the policy of rest and recuperation of the Martial Emperor Liu Yu, making the Wendi dynasty the most prosperous period of the Song Dynasty, and only then did the economy and culture of Jiangnan develop. In 450, Song and Wei fought war. Liu Song's army "the generals retreated", "the Northern Expedition was humiliated, and several prefectures were destroyed", and the core rule of Liu and Song was devastated. The Northern Wei Imperial Enemy was outside the country's gates, but the Northern Wei Expeditionary Force suffered losses.
This battle changed the situation in which the south is strong and the north is weak. Since then, the north and south have been relatively stable. In 453, Emperor Wen was killed by the crown prince Liu Shao. After Emperor Wen's death, Liu Shao established himself, and Liu Jun the King of Wuling then raised troops to fight, and later killed Liu Shao and ascended the throne as emperor, for the Song emperor Xiaowu.
In the early years of his reign, Emperor Xiaowu of Song implemented a series of reforms in the fields of politics, economy, military system, household registration, etiquette system, and taxation system; During his reign, the political situation of "Han people holding important positions" (the power of senior official positions held by the Shi clan was transferred downward to honorary titles, and the Han people held real power with low-level official positions) was fully formed; Militarily, in 458, he defeated the invasion of the Wei army in the Qingzhou region in "four battles and four victories" and "broke seven cities"; In 460, he repelled Northern Wei invasions again in the Beiyinping region of Liang Prefecture; For a while, "the breeding of private households will be in time." However, in the last years of his reign, he changed the style of simplifying the army in the early period, and began to be proud and complacent, and he built civil works, was extravagant and even wanton, which increased the burden on the people, so that Liu Song, who had gradually improved in the early period of his reign, declined in the last years of his reign. In 464, Emperor Xiaowu died of illness.
His son, Liu Ziye, the abolished emperor of the Song Dynasty, was a famous incestuous emperor who was cruel and promiscuous, had an affair with his sister, and was later killed by Liu Yu, the king of eastern Xiang, who was imprisoned by him. Emperor Liu Yu of Song Ming was relatively virtuous in the early years of his reign, but soon became brutal, slaughtering the clan during his reign, and his son Liu Yu was fond of killing. The successive tyrants led to great chaos, during which Xiao Daocheng, a member of the Xiao clan of Lanling, formed a powerful force and eventually replaced Liu Song in 479.
《Qi》
Xiao Daocheng, that is, Emperor Gao of Qi, character Shaober, small character fighting general, ancestral home in Lanling, Donghai, later settled in Jinling Wujin, is a native of Southern Lanling, the founding emperor of Southern Dynasty Qi.
At the beginning, he joined the army of Xiao Siyan in the left army of Song Yongzhou. At the end of Emperor Ming, the official was a regular attendant and a prince left guard. The edict was led by the Right Guard General and held the important positions with Shang Shuling Yuan Su, the general of the Protector Army, Chu Yuan, and the Central Commander Liu Mi. In the second year of the abolition of Emperor Yuanhui (474), Liu Xiufan, the king of Guiyang, rebelled and asked Tunxinting to be his front. He was meritorious in peace, led the army in Qianzhong, became a duke, and decided with Yuan Su, Chu Yuan, and Liu Bing on a daily basis, with the name "Four Nobles". In five years, after killing the deposed emperor, Lishun Emperor, Jin Hussar General, Kaifu Yi and the Third Division. Jingzhou assassinated Shen Fuzhi against Jiangling, Situ Yuan Yu and Shang Shu ordered Liu Bing to oppose Shi (in modern Nanjing, Jiangsu), led Liu Yun and Zhihe Bu Boxing against the court, and Xiao Daocheng defeated Pingzhi. Carry to the throne of King Qi.
In April of the third year of Shengming (479), Xiao Daocheng forced Emperor Shun to take the throne, and the year name was Jianyuan. Xiao Daocheng is erudite and literate, and he is the second product of chess. Every thing that does not protect the fine of the body, every word: Let me come to the world for ten years, let the gold and the earth be of the same price. Thirty articles of Shi Lin, written by Bachelor Dongguan. Posthumously, he posthumously honored Emperor Gao, and the temple number was Taizu.
The Southern Dynasty Qi was the shortest of the four dynasties, surviving for only 23 years. Emperor Xiao Daocheng of Qi drew lessons from the demise of the Song Dynasty and advocated thrift based on generosity. He reigned for four years, and before his death, he asked his son Xiao Zhao, the emperor of Qiwu, to continue to rule his policy and not to kill each other. Emperor Wu followed his will and continued to rule the country, causing another period of relatively stable development in the Southern Dynasty. After the death of Emperor Wu, the emperor of the Qi state embarked on the old road of the demise of the Song dynasty, and the Qi Ming emperor Xiao Luan frantically slaughtered the Xiao clan family, and by the time Xiao Baoxuan, the Marquis of Eastern Darkness, he was too suspicious and almost executed all the ministers of the imperial court. In this way, Qi's rivers and mountains were shaken again. In 501, Xiao Yan of Yongzhou invaded Jiankang, deposed the Marquis of Dongdu, and established Qi and Emperor Xiao Baorong, soon deposing Emperor Qi and ending Qi's rule.
"Liang"
Xiao Yan, Emperor Wudi of Liang, Zi Shuda, Xiaozi Lian'er, was a native of Dongcheng, Southern Lanling County. The founding emperor of Liang of the Southern Dynasty, the twenty-fifth grandson of Xiao He of the Western Han Dynasty, the son of Yin Xiaoshun of Danyang of Southern Qi, Emperor Wu and Gaozu of the temple, was buried in Xiuling.
Xiao Yan was a member of the Southern Qi dynasty, who excelled in literature, and in 499 was appointed Yongzhou Assassin, taking advantage of the internal strife in the Qi court to send troops to seize the throne and establish the Liang dynasty. Xiao Yan was Emperor Wudi of Liang, reigning for a total of forty-eight years, making him the longest-reigning emperor of the Southern Dynasty. By the time of Emperor Wu, Northern Wei had declined and split into Eastern and Western Wei, and was no longer able to pose a threat to the south.
This should have been a good time for the development of the south, but Emperor Wu was incompetent, superstitious in Buddhism, and connived at the exploitation of the people by his ministers, but used his own thrift as an excuse to ignore the advice of some loyal ministers.
In 548, the Eastern Wei general Hou Jing, who surrendered to Liang, defected. He took Emperor Wu's son Xiao Zhengde as his internal response and attacked Jiankang. The following year, Hou Jing captured Taicheng. At this time, Emperor Wudi of Liang had already starved to death in the city, and his son Xiao Gang ascended the throne as Emperor Jianwen of Liang. In 551, Hou Jing killed Emperor Wen of Jian, so Liang was completely on the verge of collapse. In 557, Chen Ba, who had developed in the war against Hou Jing, first destroyed Liang and established Chen. At this point, Liang declared his demise.
《Chen》
Chen Baxian (503-559), Emperor Wu of Chen, courtesy name Xingguo, Xiaozi Fasheng, was a native of Ruoli under the Great Wall of Wuxing, the founding emperor of the Chen Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, reigned for three years and died at the age of fifty-seven. Emperor Wu, temple number Gaozu, buried in the Wan'an Mausoleum.
When Chen Baxian was a teenager, he had this evaluation: he was generous, ambitious and far-reaching, did not pay attention to family property, "Ming Da was decisive, and was recommended by the time," also known as Chen Baxian" and long, dabbling in historical books, good at reading military books, clear and weiwei, lonely, the art of dunjia, and many martial arts. ”
Mr. Chen Ba was in troubled times, although he had experienced hundreds of battles, but he cleaned up the rivers and mountains that were in ruins, and he reigned for three years, with the empowerment of Ren Xian, political clarity, and the situation in Jiangnan gradually stabilized.
Chen Baxian made historical contributions to resisting the ravages of backward forces, maintaining social stability, restoring the southern economy, and protecting traditional Chinese culture, and was an ancient Chinese politician and military strategist. Moreover, as far as Chen Ba's own character of governing the country, administering the army, engaging in politics, and being a person is concerned, he is an outstanding representative of the excellent culture of the Chinese nation. Chen Baxian is not only a generation of founding emperors, he also has a wise personality that has been blazing through the ages.
The entire South experienced conquest and suffered severe economic damage. The country built on this basis is destined to be short-lived. Emperor Wudi Chen and his successors Emperor Wen and Emperor Xuan successively eliminated opposition forces such as Wang Sengfu and Wang Sengzhi, and defeated the Northern Qi army near Jiankang, consolidating Chen's rule to a certain extent. But after all, due to the decline of national strength, the Northern Dynasty took advantage of the weakness to occupy a large area of land, and Chen's rule was limited to the south of the Yangtze River and east of Yichang. In 583, Emperor Chen Xuan died. His son Chen Shubao ascended the throne, and at this time the north had been unified by the Sui Dynasty, and the unification of the whole country was just around the corner. In 589, Emperor Yang Jian of Sui sent Yang Guang the King of Jin to destroy Chen, ending the division that had existed since the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317–589).