Algae are the most difficult to control as they grow up, and this is the creature we least like to see. The growth process of the grass tank is the process of constantly encountering various algae, and fighting with them one by one, fighting, and overcoming. Therefore, understanding the causes of the formation of various algae, growth time periods, growth characteristics and countermeasures to overcome them has become a compulsory course for each of us to play with grass tanks.
The following is some of the collected algae information, causes and corresponding processing methods for your reference:
1 brown algae
Growth time: Brown algae mainly appear at the beginning of the tank construction stage. It usually appears in the first three months of the new tank, and at this stage, there will often be a phenomenon of fish and shrimp dying for no reason, resulting in many novices being overwhelmed.
Frequently seen locations: tank walls and surfaces of sunken wood, stones, slow-growing water grass blades, etc.
Causes: Personally feel that the main reason is that the nitrification system of the water body is not established and perfected, plus the water change is not regular enough or does not change the water or changes the water less.
After countless observations by the gods after opening the cylinder, once the water nitrification system is established and perfected, this algae will gradually disappear without a trace.
Treatment:
Accelerate the establishment of the nitrification system, the cylinder opening stage can be purchased according to the instructions to add high-quality nitrification bacteria to the grass tank, or more time-saving method is to ask the familiar grass friends to use a filter cotton for a long time, do not clean after taking it back, put it into their own filtration system as soon as possible, of course, regularly clean the cylinder wall, change the water is also a must.
In addition, regular water exchange (preferably over-gas water), adding new water to the water body, will effectively dilute the nutrients in the water body, on the one hand, to provide a good growth environment for aquatic plants, on the other hand, to maintain the freshness of water quality, accelerate the establishment and growth of nitrifying bacteria.
The establishment of nitrifying bacteria is generally related to the bottom sand. In the absence of powdered or liquid nitrifying bacteria, there are two cases.
Mud: there is a water diversion effect, can reduce the PH value, but too low PH value, is not conducive to the establishment of nitrifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria are generally basically established in about 45 days.
Neutral sand: does not have the function of water transfer, after normal and effective management, nitrifying bacteria are generally basically established in about 30 days. During this period, try not to clean the filter media of the filter system, and even if it is cleaned, only one-third or one-half of it is washed.
1. Remove manually with a toothbrush or credit card
2. Stocking elves, moss rats and other fish;
3. Stocking snails;
4. If the bottom sand is silicon sand, you can change the water quality to slightly acidic, or use soft water as a water source;
5. The use of algae remover can be combined with light reduction, fertilizer stopping and shortening the course of treatment;
6, brown algae in the early stage of opening the cylinder is easy to appear, change the water frequently, after the nitrification system is established, it will slowly disappear.
2 green water
Green water is generally experienced veterans will not be encountered after opening the cylinder, but no experienced novices, will often encounter, in fact, many grass friends may have had this experience: the original clear and transparent water body, suddenly feel foggy can not see through, and gradually become foggy green, this is the emergence of green water.
Causes:
The light intensity and time are too strong and too long, the direct sunlight, the filtration intensity is insufficient, and the water is not changed frequently.
Treatment:
1, the use of ultraviolet germicidal lamps, kill the spores caused by green water, but pay attention to ultraviolet rays do not leak out to cause harm to the person. ；
2, temporarily reduce the light, stop adding carbon dioxide, change the water frequently, do not fertilize, do not feed the fish;
3. Strengthen the filtration system;
4. The use of algae remover can be combined with light reduction, fertilizer stopping and shortening the course of treatment.
3 green spotted algae
Prefer strong lighting, usually attached to the glass surface of the aquarium with strong light or on the slow-growing aquatic weeds. When the concentration of CO2 or phosphoric acid (PO4) in the aquarium is low, the green spotted algae appears. The texture of the green spotted algae is very hard, and the common algae-eating fish has limited efficacy in removing the green spotted algae.
Green spot algae is what many grass friends need to face frequently, even the master does not dare to say that they have not encountered green spot algae. Where this problem often occurs: tank wall, broad-leaved negative aquatic grass leaf surface such as large banyan tree, small fig, etc.
Causes: The light intensity is too high; the light reflection effect is not good.
1, the use of moss rats, snails and other biological treatment. At present, the only organism that can effectively scrape the green spot algae is the zebra snail (also known as the Easter egg snail).
2. Improve the reflective effect of the lampshade.
3. Regularly scrub the cylinder wall, which can be scraped with tools such as a scraper knife.
4. Cut off the old leaves with green spots, and adjust the layout of aquatic weeds appropriately, so as to eliminate the aquatic weeds that are prone to green spots.
5. The use of algaecides can be combined with light reduction and fertilizer suspension to shorten the course of treatment.
4 green dust algae
Green dust algae are in fact zoospores that usually occur on the glass surface of the cylinder body. The green dust algae forms a dusty green mucous membrane that, in severe cases, will completely cover the glass of the aquarium.
Green dust algae prefer bright light, and scraping the glass surface of the green dust algae does not help the recurrence of green dust algae. Because the green dust algae is in the water, it can float in the water for 30-90 minutes before attaching to the glass surface again.
For some reason: these zoospores avoid aquatic weeds and sunken wood, always picking glass surfaces to attach to. Restricting nutrients will not repel green dust algae, and will only leave aquatic plants in a state of nutrient deficiency, which will also cause additional problems, especially the outbreak of other varieties of algae.
Causes: imbalance of calcium-magnesium ratio, too much calcium; nitrate phosphate than imbalance, too much phosphate, too little nitrate.
Prone area: on the cylinder wall and the surface of the stone, the surface of the ceramic sheet of the refiner.
Processing method:
1. Putting elves, sails, beards and other tool fish have a certain effect.
2, you can also ignore the green dust algae and let it grow, in 10-20 days do not have to scrape the glass, after this period, the green dust algae began to form a large piece of film of different thicknesses, and began to peel off by the glass surface of the aquarium. When the whole piece of green dust algae begins to peel away naturally, it is a good opportunity to remove the whole piece of green dust algae.
3. Use a scraper knife, toothbrush or credit card to scrape, and cooperate with ultraviolet germicidal lamps;
5. Large doses of glutaraldehyde are also effective in close-range ignition.
6, reduce the light and add potassium nitrate after waiting for three weeks, most of the green dust algae will die. The reference dosage of potassium nitrate is 1 mg per liter of water per day, which can be doubled if it is ineffective.
5 filament algae
Morphological characteristics of filamentous algae: Filamentos are algae of the genus Nicosporum, because of their morphological similarity, they are very easy to confuse with the algae of the genus Hydrophorus. Filamentos usually grow at the edges of the leaves, up to 30 cm in length, and are mostly filamentous. Filamentous algae and hair algae also often appear together and become entangled. Filamentous algae are tougher and much longer than hairy algae.
Generally after the brown algae, that is, about two months after the establishment of the tank, sometimes after the growth of other algae, such as black hairy algae, brown algae has just disappeared, everyone has not had time to be happy, many times the silk algae will unconsciously take root and sprout on MOSS, bottom sand, slow growth and other aquatic plants.
The NH4 content in water is too high; the lighting is too strong, the lighting time is too long and the aquatic weeds are too small; the fertilizer is added in excess; too much fish and too much feeding.
Location: Leaf edges and slow-growing clumps of aquatic plants.
1. Appropriately reduce the lighting intensity and time
2. Reduce the amount of fertilizer added in an appropriate amount
3. Roll up the filament algae that is too long and throw it away with an discarded toothbrush
4. Yamato algae shrimp and Ichimei Dao people are effective.
5, a large number of grass shrimp, grass shrimp is the best means of controlling filamentous algae, but rely on the large army to fight.
6. Control the number of fish and feed the appropriate amount of feed.
7, glutaraldehyde is effective, preventive dose: add 5 ml of 2% concentration of glutaraldehyde per 200 liters of water per day. Therapeutic dose: per 40 liters of water per day with 5 ml of 2% concentration of glutaraldehyde.
6 Green hairy algae
Morphological characteristics of Chonoflora: Chonoflora is a filamentous green algae of the genus Zyperaceae, often attached to the leaves or stem nodes of aquatic plants, but it is also possible to float freely, and the length of Villus is about 5-8 mm.
Causes: The lack of necessary elements in aquatic grasses causes leaf malnutrition and stunting, which may be the cause of villiculos attachment growth, in addition, eutrophication of water bodies and high ammonia nitrogen content are also important triggers.
Good hair position: water grass on the old leaves and tank wall
1. Provide rich nutrients for aquatic plants, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of villi, especially CO2.
2, stocking Yamato algae shrimp, Yamato algae shrimp cleaning villi algae effect is outstanding, is the most popular algae cleaning organisms, in addition to black shell shrimp, haddock flying fox, elves, bearded alien, black Mary fish for the cleaning of villiflora is also very helpful.
3, glutaraldehyde is effective, preventive dose: add 5 ml of glutaraldehyde per 200 liters of water per day. Therapeutic dose: per 40 liters of water per day with 5 ml of 2% concentration of glutaraldehyde.
4. If the water temperature rises to 30 degrees in summer, it can take the opportunity to strengthen the filtration of material forces and filter out the planktonic algae;
7 Staghorn algae
Causes: High ammonia nitrogen in water (too much fish and shrimp farming or churning of the bottom bed) is the main cause of tyrannosa, and carbon dioxide deficiency or hard water quality may also be induced.
Hair area: water grass foliage and sunken wood.
1. Reduce the amount of fish and shrimp fed, and reduce the number of fish and shrimp when necessary
2. Improve water quality, such as softening the water body and increasing the amount of CO2 added
3, directly clean the water weed leaves by hand, which is a very meticulous and boring work, if necessary, the leaves with staghorn algae are removed.
4. There are data showing that the white jade flying fox will eat staghorn algae, which is quite helpful for cleaning up the staghorn algae. I haven't used this method, just for reference.
5, glutaraldehyde has a special effect, preventive dose: every day every 200 liters of water plus 5 ml of 2% concentration of glutaraldehyde. Therapeutic dose: per 40 liters of water per day with 5 ml of 2% concentration of glutaraldehyde.
8 steel hair algae
Morphological characteristics of the steel hairy algae: The steel hairy algae is a filamentous, green branch-like algae that looks like a ball of ink silk when it is assembled and grown.
Causes: Imbalance between light and carbon dioxide, too much light or lack of carbon dioxide are the biggest triggers.
Areas of predisposition: bottom bed, sunken wood or clumps of aquatic weeds.
1. Because bristle algae is relatively tough, manual removal is also more convenient and effective.
2. Reduce the concentration of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer in water.
3, if there is not enough carbon dioxide supply is best to weaken the lighting.
4. Glutaraldehyde is effective, but requires a higher concentration. Therapeutic dose: per 40 liters of water per day with 5 ml of 2% concentration of glutaraldehyde, ineffective can be appropriately increased.
9 hair algae
Morphological characteristics of hair algae: Hair algae is actually a plant of the genus Aqua, often attached to the slow-growing aquatic grass, bottom bed or sunken wood, the hair algae is mostly gray-green, smooth and sticky to the touch, and its length usually does not exceed 4 cm.
Causes: The lighting intensity is too high or the time is too long, and the excess nutrients in the water are the important reasons for the outbreak.
Good location: bottom bed and aquatic grass
1. Controlling nutrition alone cannot effectively inhibit the growth of algae. Prevention measures are more important, any newly added aquarium aquatic weeds or fish and shrimp, must first do a good job of disinfection prevention, such as the use of potassium permanganate solution or diluted hydrogen peroxide or bleach to disinfect.
Once you see a trace of hair, you must take immediate action, manually cleaning up the way to remove the hair, including using chopsticks or toothbrush to roll it off, do not expect the hair to disappear automatically.
2, in fact, there are many fish that will eat hair algae, in addition to the black line and the small monkey flying fox that we are familiar with, cherry lamps and an eyebrow Road person for the effect of cleaning up hair algae, are affirmed, especially a brow Road person, due to the larger size of the relationship, the effect of clearing hair algae is even more amazing. Black-shelled shrimp and Giant River prawn also work well.
4. Reduce the concentration of phosphate fertilizer in water, and it is recommended to control the phosphate concentration below 0.5ppm.
10 black hairy algae
I think this is the most difficult of all kinds of algae to deal with, and once the black hair algae floods, it will be very obstructive and should be eradicated as soon as possible.
Morphological characteristics: Black hairy algae belongs to a kind of red algae, often appearing in clusters on the edges and tips of aquatic grass leaves, each cluster is radial, no bifurcation, and the color is black or blue-black.
Causes: The PH and hardness of the water body are too high; the residual bait entering the water body is too much; the fish are too much; the liquid fertilizer composition of the grass tank is unreasonable, resulting in elemental imbalance; the use of inferior base fertilizer; the long-term non-change of water, resulting in nutrient accumulation; insufficient filtration capacity.
Good occurrence area: on the sand and gravel of the bottom bed, sunken wood, filter inlet and outlet, bottom sand, aquatic grass leaves, etc.
Treatment method: 1, remove the algae by hand, or cut the leaves with algae epiphysis directly;
2, biological treatment, buy black line flying fox into the cylinder, to each 1 / 200-300mm cylinder as a unit, such as your cylinder length is 400mm, put in 1-2, to the body round, beautiful, smaller for the good look, too large black line does not like to work.
The haddock fox will eat freshly grown black hairy algae, which is very effective in preventing its recurrence. However, the grown black hair algae is very hard, and generally fish and shrimp rarely eat it.
3. Reduce light, stop fertilizer, improve water quality, strengthen filtration, and strengthen regular water exchange. Black hair is more likely to occur in water with higher PH and hardness, in order to improve the co2 dissolution efficiency, softening water to reduce PH and GH is necessary, it is generally believed that PH is about 6.5, and GH is better at about 8.
4, the use of glutaraldehyde, this method belongs to the chemical treatment method, many people are using, the dosage is different, the following are two kinds of dosage, we should use caution as appropriate.
The first, the ratio is - water: glutaraldehyde (100% concentration) 400000: 1, in this proportion, lasts for 10 days, the drug to the disease, biological casualties are minimal.
The second, treat with 2% glutaraldehyde, 10 to 15 ml / day / 100 liters of water, for one week (buy back the liquid do not add the additives distributed. When taking the drug, add it up in a small dose to prevent dead fish).
(Remarks: Glutaraldehyde may have an impact on the growth of rootless plants, and water grass tanks with staghorn moss and other plants should be used with caution: in order to avoid lack of oxygen in fish, it is better to take medicine during the day, and the following medicine doses are larger, and should be aerated and oxygenated in the grass tank. ）
11 cyanobacteria
Morphological characteristics: When cyanobacteria multiply in large numbers, they form a blue-green film and cover everything in a very short time. If left unchecked, cyanobacteria will occupy the entire aquarium and will kill aquatic plants and fish.
Causes: eutrophication of water, excessive ammonia nitrogen content, too much phosphate or insufficient nitrate are all triggers.
Prone area: bottom bed, especially the junction of bottom sand and glass.
1, there are not many organisms that can eat cyanobacteria, and the snail is one of the best. The snail will even drill into the bottom mud along the glass surface to scrape cyanobacteria, although the cyanobacteria in the bottom bed will not directly harm the aquarium.
2. Erythromycin has special effects, hydrogen peroxide, shading and the addition of potassium nitrate are effective.
3, cyanobacteria can also be physically treated and removed, but if the water quality is not improved, it will soon recur.
4, cyanobacteria belong to bacteria, so you can use antibiotics to kill, the most commonly used antibiotic is erythromycin. When erythromycin is used to treat fish diseases, the recommended dose is to administer the drug at 200 mg per 38 liters for five consecutive days;
However, if you want to kill blue-green algae, it is recommended to use a dose of 2.5 ppm for only four consecutive days. Erythromycin powder can usually be sprinkled directly on the place where there is cyanobacteria.
5. Suspend fertilization and feeding, cut off nutrition, especially reduce the concentration of phosphate fertilizer;
6. The blue-green algae grown on the bottom bed can be injected with a syringe barrel and a reasonable dose of algae removal is given to a specific area.
13 sponges
Water wool, alias water moss, water coat.
Morphological characteristics: Sponge is a general term for the green algae of the genus Aqua, usually green or yellow-green, and up to a few centimeters in length. It is very common in relatively clean eutrophicationic water bodies, which are flaky or clumpy in the water and feel sticky and slippery to the touch. The aforementioned hair algae is a species of sponge, which can also be seen as a clump of hair algae.
Causes: The content of ammonia nitrogen in water is too high, the content of nitrate phosphate is too high, and the light is too strong.
1. You can use a toothbrush to roll away most of the sponge, and then put in a large number of black shell shrimp.
2, some native fish such as salmon, wheat ears will also eat sponge.
3. Glutaraldehyde is effective and requires continuous high concentration application.
14 ink stained algae
Ink-stained algae, in the past, was called "red algae type V" in foreign countries. Morphological characteristics: Ink algae mostly grow on the old leaves of fig aquatic grass, and the difference with short black hairy algae is that the former has a certain thickness (generally no more than one millimeter), while the ink algae is like clinging to the surface of the leaf and penetrating into the leaf, which is difficult to erase.
Causes: imbalance between phosphate and nitrate, excessive phosphate content, and lack of carbon dioxide are the main triggers.
Prone area: slow-growing aquatic grass leaves.
Treatment: The addition of potassium nitrate and carbon dioxide is effective, and the addition of phosphate should be stopped. The reference dosage of potassium nitrate is 1 mg per liter of water per day, which can be doubled if it is ineffective. Or take the aquatic grass out and wipe the leaf surface with bleach diluted 10-20 times, which also has a certain effect.
15 brown hair algae
Morphological characteristics of brown hairy algae: Brown hairy algae belong to the algae of the genus Brown hairy algae of the family Brachycephalus, which is mostly found in industrially polluted rivers. The color is mostly yellowish brown or tan, ranging in length from a few millimeters to several centimeters, and the texture is soft but dense.
Causes: Too much sulfur in water is the most important cause.
Areas of predominance: base bed and sunken stone surface.
Treatment: Stop adding sulfate fertilizer and add potassium nitrate effectively, the brown hair algae on the stone and sunken wood can be taken out and brushed off with a brush.
16 short black hairy algae
Short-haired algae used to be called "red algae type II" abroad. Morphological characteristics: Short black hairy algae is also a kind of red algae, mostly appear on the surface and edge of aquatic grass leaves, the color is black, made up of a large number of tiny particles gathered, the thickness is generally not more than one millimeter.
Causes: the water body is too hard, and the calcium-magnesium ratio is imbalanced.
Area of occurrence: The surface of the leaves of aquatic grass.
Treatment method: close spray glutaraldehyde has a special effect, every day every 40 liters of water with 5 ml of 2% concentration of glutaraldehyde, packed in a syringe to spray the leaves of long algae at close range, even for a few days to see the effect. Hydrogen peroxide can also be used for close-range ignition, and the daily dosage is 10 ml per 100 liters of water.
Author: Mr. ShiLe
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