#历史开讲 #
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The Song Dynasty was an important dynasty in Chinese history and a period of long history and cultural prosperity, but the treatment of women's diseases was an important issue.
I. The development of medical obstetrics and gynecology in and before the Song Dynasty
1. Overview of the development of medicine in the Song Dynasty and before the Song Dynasty
The origins of medicine can be traced back to primitive societies, and as society developed, medicine gradually became an independent discipline.
During the Qin and Han dynasties, medicine began to have a certain scale and influence.
In the Sui and Tang dynasties, medicine ushered in a period of great development, and many famous medical scientists and works appeared one after another, laying the foundation of Chinese medicine.
In the Song Dynasty, the further development of medicine, and the increasing number of medical works, became an independent discipline.
2. The development of obstetrics and gynecology before the Song Dynasty
Before the Song Dynasty, obstetrics and gynecology was not studied and developed as an independent discipline.
However, within a certain period, many doctors began to study women's diseases and fertility problems, and these studies had an important impact on the later development of obstetrics and gynecology.
At the same time, there are medical writings dealing with women's diseases and treatments.
3. The development of obstetrics and gynecology in the Song Dynasty
In the Song Dynasty, obstetrics and gynecology began to gradually become an independent discipline, and doctors began to study and discuss women's diseases and fertility problems, and wrote many medical works on women's diseases and treatments.
Among them, the most famous work is Chen Ziming's "Women's Complete Recipe", which played an important role in promoting the development of obstetrics and gynecology in the Song Dynasty and later.
2. Female maternity diseases and treatment as seen in Yi Jianzhi
1. Women of the Song Dynasty sought heirs
The Song Dynasty attached great importance to the inheritance of their descendants, so couples longed to have their own heirs. In "Yi Jianzhi", the reasons and means of women seeking heirs in the Song Dynasty are also introduced in detail.
There are many reasons why people in the Song Dynasty sought children, the most important of which was the inheritance of the family. At that time, it was widely believed that descendants were the future of mankind and the future of families.
Therefore, having heirs is very important for a family. In addition, the idea of the inferiority of men and women in Song Dynasty society was also very serious, and men often blamed women for having no heirs.
The methods used by the Song Dynasty mainly included drug treatment and acupuncture treatment. In terms of drug treatment, the traditional Chinese medicines used include angelica, cooked ground yellow, mountain mushroom, etc.;
In terms of acupuncture treatment, the basic method of acupuncture is adopted, which stimulates the acupuncture points of the human body and promotes the smooth flow of qi and blood in the human body, so as to achieve the effect of seeking children.
2. The production of women in the Song Dynasty
In the Song Dynasty, the birth of women was a very important event, and at the same time a very dangerous process. Yi Jianzhi provides a detailed description of the production of women in the Song Dynasty.
Ghost fetus is a common complication of pregnancy, also known as stillbirth or congenital infertility.
In Yi Jianzhi, the treatment methods of ghost fetuses are introduced in detail, mainly using traditional Chinese medicine treatment and acupuncture treatment, as well as dietary regulation.
Abortion refers to taking measures to enable the safe birth of a fetus in the event of an abnormality such as miscarriage during pregnancy.
In the Song Dynasty, the methods of abortion mainly included acupuncture, tuina, and traditional Chinese medicine treatment. During the birth process, Song Dynasty doctors also used tools such as forceps to help the fetus be born smoothly.
3. Postpartum care for women in the Song Dynasty
In the Song Dynasty, postpartum care for women was also very important. Since the production process has a greater impact on the woman's body, postpartum maintenance has a very important role in women's recovery and health.
In the book, the methods of postpartum maintenance are also introduced in detail, mainly using traditional Chinese medicine treatment, diet regulation, appropriate exercise and other means.
In terms of diet, Song Dynasty doctors emphasized the allocation of meals, advocating a light diet and eating more nutrient-rich foods.
The Great Prescription for Women is an important medical work of the Song Dynasty, and it also provides a detailed introduction to the treatment of postpartum diseases.
In terms of traditional Chinese medicine treatment, the traditional Chinese medicines used include angelica, white peony, Chuanxiong, etc.; In terms of acupuncture treatment, acupuncture points are used to stimulate the human body and promote the smooth flow of human qi and blood.
Third, the treatment of female diseases and other miscellaneous diseases in the Song Dynasty as seen in "Yi Jianzhi"
1. Female diseases and their treatment in the Song Dynasty
"Yi Jianzhi" mentioned that the disease is caused by the infestation of ghosts and gods, mainly because women are relatively weak and vulnerable to ghosts and gods during special physiological periods such as menstruation and postpartum.
The main treatments for female diseases include the use of herbal medicine, acupuncture and witchcraft.
Among them, herbal treatment mainly uses traditional Chinese medicines such as angelica, white peony, and Chuanxiong to nourish the female body;
Acupuncture treatment is to stimulate the meridians to smooth the qi and blood; Witchcraft treatment is to drive away ghosts and spirits through sacrifices and exorcism.
2. Miscellaneous diseases and treatment of women in the Song Dynasty
The book also introduces treatments for some miscellaneous diseases in women, such as typhoid fever.
When treating typhoid fever, doctors use methods to promote the recovery of women's bodies.
In addition, "Yi Jianzhi" also introduces some treatments for eye diseases.
When treating eye diseases, doctors use herbal medicine, acupuncture and other methods to eliminate eye discomfort.
3. Witchcraft and disease treatment
During the Song Dynasty, shamans also played a role in treating diseases.
According to the records of "Yi Jianzhi", shamans mainly play the role of exorcising ghosts when treating diseases, and drive away ghosts and spirits through sacrifices, chanting, etc., so as to achieve the purpose of curing diseases.
The specific manifestation of witchcraft in the treatment of diseases is mainly through the sacrifice of sorcerers, exorcism and other ways to achieve the effect of treating diseases.
In the Song Dynasty, people generally believed in the existence of ghosts and gods, and believed that diseases were caused by ghosts and gods, so the existence of shamans was very important in the treatment of diseases.
Sorcerers can pray for the protection of the gods through sacrifices, chanting, etc., eliminate the source of disease, and at the same time, drive away ghosts and spirits by exorcising ghosts to achieve the purpose of curing diseases.
4. The family role and daily life care of women in the Song Dynasty
1. Family role and daily life care for unmarried women
In the Song Dynasty, the family role of unmarried women was relatively passive, and they needed to follow the rules of the family and accept the arrangements of their parents.
In terms of daily care, unmarried women are required to perform household chores at home, such as cooking, laundry, sewing, etc.
They also need to learn cultural knowledge, such as subsets of scripture and history, poetry and songs, etc. These are all in order to be able to better marry women of good families and to be competent in the role of wives.
2. Family roles and daily life care for married women
In the Song Dynasty, the family role of married women was relatively independent and autonomous, and they needed to assume management and care responsibilities in the family.
In the area of day-to-day care, married women are responsible for housework and childcare. They also need to learn how to manage their families and finances in order to ensure their stability and economic well-being.
5. Family medical care for women in the Song Dynasty
1. The background of female family therapy care in the Song Dynasty
The Song Dynasty was an era in which Confucianism prevailed, in which the concept of "three from four virtues" had a certain impact on women's family medical care.
According to this concept, women should "follow three things", that is, from the father, from the husband, and from the son; At the same time, there should be "four virtues", that is, virtue, speech, appearance, and work.
This philosophy emphasizes that women should focus on their families and ensure the health and safety of their families as much as possible.
2. Family medical care for women in the Song Dynasty
The specific content of family medical care for women in the Song Dynasty included drug treatment, dietary conditioning, and life care.
In terms of drug treatment, female family members usually choose suitable medicinal herbs according to their condition, such as goji berries, Chuanxiong, etc., make medicated meals or medicinal wines, and provide meticulous care for patients.
In terms of dietary conditioning, female family members usually prepare appropriate meals for patients according to different conditions, such as light and easily digestible foods, nutritious soups, etc.
In terms of life care, female family members will provide appropriate care and care according to the condition, such as adjusting the indoor environment, maintaining hygiene, and helping patients with physical exercise.
3. The influence of women's family medical care in the Song Dynasty
The family medical care of women in the Song Dynasty had an important impact on the family medical care of later generations.
Among them, drug treatment and dietary conditioning have become an important part of family medicine in later generations.
In addition, the caring spirit and nursing skills of female family members in the Song Dynasty also had a positive impact on the family medical care of later generations.
Bibliography:
MA Huimin. Female Diseases and Treatment in the Song Dynasty: Centered on Yi Jianzhi. Hebei University.